U.S. anthropologist, archaeologist, and student of California Indian ethnography who developed the University of California Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, into a major U.S. collection.
English satirical poet, classical scholar, and early editor of 17th-century English playwrights, remembered as first editor (1809-24) of The Quarterly Review, founded by John Murray, a leading London publisher, to ...
in law, a present or thing bestowed gratuitously. The term is generally restricted to mean gratuitous transfers inter vivos (among the living) of real or personal property. A valid gift ...
the transfer of goods or services that, although regarded as voluntary by the people involved, is part of the expected social behaviour. Gift exchange may be distinguished from other types ...
a levy imposed on gratuitous transfers of property-i.e., those made without compensation. Provisions for such taxes are common in national tax systems.
an illustrated literary miscellany, or collection of verse, tales, and sketches. The giftbook was popular in England and the United States during the second quarter of the 19th century and ...
any of various children who are naturally endowed with a high degree of mental ability. Since little is known about special abilities, the term is usually confined in psychological and ...
city and prefecture (ken), central Honshu, Japan, occupying an area of 4,091 sq mi (10,596 sq km). It is landlocked and dominated by mountains except in the south, where the ...
any of several members of a class of light, open, two-wheeled, one-horse carriages, popular in France, England, and America. The gig, which first appeared in Paris in the 17th century, ...
grotesque wooden mask worn by participants in gigaku, a type of Japanese dance drama. Gigaku masks are the first known masks used in Japan and among the world's oldest extant ...
excessive growth in stature, well beyond the average for the individual's race and environmental conditions. In many cases tall stature results from hereditary, dietary, or other factors. In other cases, ...
genus of large fossil ape, of which two species are known: Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis, which lived 6 to 9 million years ago in India, and Gigantopithecus blacki, which lived in China ...
mountainous, volcanic islet of the Tuscan Archipelago, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, opposite Mount Argentario, on the west coast of Italy. Part of Grosseto province, the island rises to 1,634 feet ...
French geologist who contributed to knowledge of the stratigraphy of the Mediterranean during the Pliocene (5.3 to 1.6 million years ago) and Quaternary (from 1.6 million years ago to the ...
dance that is a courtly version of the English jig (q.v.) and which became popular in aristocratic circles of Europe during the 17th century. Whereas true jigs were quick and ...
town and commercial centre situated in Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It is located on the Bay of Biscay ...
major Spanish Kabbalist whose writings influenced those of Moses de Leon, presumed author of the Zohar ("Book of Splendour"), an important work of Jewish mysticism. Gikatilla's early studies of philosophy ...
prefecture (Kinyarwanda prefegitura),southwestern Rwanda, Central Africa, bordering Burundi (south) and the Rwandan prefectures of Kibuye and Gitarama (north), Cyangugu (west), and Butare (east). Most of Gikongoro's area of 845 ...
father and son who were celebrated architects. Juan, the father, was maestro mayor (official architect) of Segovia cathedral and designed in a late medieval style. The son, Rodrigo, succeeded to ...
town, Maricopa county, southwestern Arizona, U.S., 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Phoenix. The Gila River makes a sweeping 90° bend westward at this point, hence the name. The city ...
archaeological site in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Gila National Forest near the headwaters of the Gila River. The name Gila is derived from the Yuma Indian term hahquahssael, ...
(Heloderma suspectum), one of only two species of venomous lizards, both of the family Helodermatidae and both similar in appearance and habits. The Gila monster was named for the Gila ...
river rising in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Elk Mountains, near the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. The river, draining 58,100 sq mi (150,500 sq km), flows 630 mi ...
ostan (province), northwestern Iran, bounded by the Caspian Sea on the north, Azerbaijan on the northeast, Azarbaijan-e Sharqi ostan on the west, Zanjan ostan on the southwest, Markazi (Tehran) ostan ...
Anglo-Norman Cluniac monk who became bishop of Hereford and later of London; he was an unsuccessful rival of Thomas Becket for the archbishopric of Canterbury and afterward was Becket's opponent ...
group of 16 coral atolls, part of Kiribati, in the west central Pacific Ocean 2,800 mi (4,500 km) northeast of Australia. The islands-Makin, Butaritari, Marakei, Abaiang, Tarawa, Maiana, Abemama, Kuria, ...
English priest, prelate, and founder of the Ordo Gilbertinorum Canonicorum or Ordo Sempringensis (Order of Gilbertine Canons, or Sempringham Order), commonly called Gilbertines, the only medieval religious order of English ...
architect, designer of the Woolworth Building (1908-13) in New York City and of the United States Supreme Court Building (completed 1935), Washington, D.C. Conscientious and prosperous but not especially original, ...
U.S. geologist, one of the founders of modern geomorphology, the study of landforms. He first recognized the applicability of the concept of dynamic equilibrium in landform configuration and evolution-namely, that ...
romantic leading man of the silent era, known as the "Great Lover." In retrospect, his acting career has been overshadowed by his identification as the tragic star who failed to ...
English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization. Although he was brilliant and creative, his poor leadership was responsible for his failure to establish the ...
English Romantic painter and illustrator of literary classics, especially remembered for his woodcut illustrations for the works of Shakespeare (1859-60) and Scott. He preferred medieval chivalric subjects, and such pictures ...
American molecular biologist who was awarded a share (with Paul Berg and Frederick Sanger) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 for his development of a method for determining ...
husband and wife who developed the method of time-and-motion study as applied to the work habits of industrial employees to increase their efficiency and hence their output.
metallurgist who, with his better-known cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, devised in 1876-77 a process (thereafter widely used in Europe) of manufacturing in Bessemer converters a kind of low-phosphorus steel known ...
British historian of the 6th century. A monk, he founded a monastery in Brittany known after him as St. Gildas de Rhuys. His De excidio et conquestu Britanniae ("The Overthrow ...
period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s that gave rise to important novels of social and political criticism. The period takes its name ...
the art of decorating the whole or parts of wood, metal, plaster, glass, or other objects with gold in leaf or powder form. The term also embraces the application of ...
area of ancient Palestine east of the Jordan River, corresponding to modern northwestern Jordan. The region is bounded in the north by the Yarmuk River and in the southwest by ...
the best known of all ancient Mesopotamian heroes. Numerous tales in the Akkadian language have been told about Gilgamesh, and the whole collection has been described as an odyssey-the odyssey ...
town in the Northern Areas of the Pakistani-administered sector of the Kashmir region, in the northern Indian subcontinent. It is situated in the Karakoram Range in a narrow valley on ...
in biology, type of respiratory organ found in many aquatic animals, including a number of worms, nearly all mollusks and crustaceans, some insect larvae, all fishes, and a few amphibians. ...
in measurement, unit of volume in the British Imperial and United States Customary systems. It is used almost exclusively for the measurement of liquids. Although its capacity has varied with ...
British sculptor, engraver, typographic designer, and writer, especially known for his elegantly styled lettering and typefaces and the precise linear simplicity of his bas-reliefs.
American architect important for introducing a severe, geometric style of architecture in California and for his pioneering work in developing new construction technology.
Scottish astronomer known for his measurements of solar and stellar parallax, showing the distances of the Sun and other stars from Earth, and for his early use of photography in ...
American religious leader who guided her order in dramatically expanding higher education for women by founding numerous institutions throughout the United States.
Scottish Presbyterian minister who assisted in founding the Relief Church (Oct. 22, 1761), a Presbyterian group advocating the right of a congregation to approve its minister.
town, seat (1911) of Campbell county, northeastern Wyoming, U.S., midway between the Black Hills (east) and the Bighorn Mountains (west). It developed after the arrival in 1891 of the Burlington ...
American playwright and actor noted for his portrayal of the title role in Sherlock Holmes, which he adapted for the stage from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's stories.
English writer of essays, short stories, screenplays, and novels. Her fiction is noted for its sensitive, sometimes wry look at the challenges and complexities of modern life in England and ...
