(from the article "Pius XII") ...high point in the 1950s when Pius's failing health left the power of the Vatican increasingly in the hands of conservative cardinals, including Alfredo Ottaviani, head of the Holy Office. ...
American civil engineer, lawyer, and politician who played a leading role in the construction of the Erie Canal, one of the first great engineering works in North America.
American theatrical designer whose clean, functional decors contributed substantially to the trend away from naturalism in 20th-century stage design. As an important industrial designer he helped popularize "streamlining" as a ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Major volcanoes of the world") The landscape of Jawa Barat is dominated by a chain of volcanoes, both active and extinct, that from west to east includes Mounts Sanggabuwana, Gede, Pangrango, Kendang, and Tjereme. The ...
(from the article "Elgon, Mount") ...slopes. Elgonyi was the Masai name for the mountain. The Scottish explorer Joseph Thomson visited the southern side of Elgon in 1883; in 1890 Frederick (later Sir Frederick) Jackson and ...
(from the article "Panchen Lama") Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama, a search was undertaken to discover his reincarnation. In 1995 the Dalai Lama recognized six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th Panchen ...
(from the article "Islamic arts") The Gedik Pasa Theatre, which is named for the area in Istanbul where it was located, was the first theatre in which Turkish plays were produced by native actors speaking ...
borough (district), administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, east-central England. The district takes its name from the former village of Gedling, which was engulfed in the expansion of the eastern ...
historic region west of the Indus River, in what is now the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. In 325 BC Alexander the Great's forces suffered disastrous losses there from the effects ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "air warfare") From late 1943 the RAF used two radar-beam systems called Gee and Oboe to guide its Lancaster and Halifax bombers to cities on the Continent. In addition, the bombers carried ...
English rugby player, a member of the powerful Wigan club that won the Rugby League (RL) Challenge Cup in 1948. He was also vital as forward in Wigan's RL championship ...
commune, Antwerp province, northern Belgium, in the Kempenland (Campine) Plateau, east of Antwerp. Renowned for its unique system of family care for the mentally ill, it is linked with the ...
(from the article "Dutch literature") Although Jacob Geel's essays in Onderzoek en phantasie (1838; "Inquiry and Fantasy") set a new standard in philological and philosophical criticism in Dutch literature, Geel's liberal rationalism was almost swept ...
(from the article "radiation") ...animals result from ingestion of plants having photodynamic pigments. For example, St. Johnswort's disease is caused by the plant Hypericum. Fagopyrism results from eating buckwheat. In geeldikopp ("yellow thick head"), ...
second largest city of Victoria, Australia, and a major port on Corio Bay (an extension of Port Phillip Bay). Founded in 1837, its name is a derivation of the Aboriginal ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "AFL Grand Final") ...as the AFL) in 1982 with the Hawthorn Football Club, where he played in only six games before returning home to further develop his skills. He returned to the top ...
(from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") The Geelvink Bay area, including several offshore islands, is located at the northwestern end of New Guinea in the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya. Its style of sculpture seems closely ...
(from the article "Rajasthan") The typical folk dance of Rajasthan is the ghoomar, which is performed on festive occasions only by women. The geer dance (performed by men and women), the panihari (a graceful ...
conservative statesman and prime minister of The Netherlands (1926-29, 1939-40) who was disgraced for attempting to negotiate a peace settlement between Great Britain and Nazi Germany in 1940.
(from the article "Bremerhaven") ...the Weser. It became a municipality by the amalgamation of three separate towns: Bremerhaven, founded (1827) as a port for Bremen by its burgomaster, Johann Smidt, on territory ceded by ...
(from the article "skibobbing") ...was patented in the United States in 1892 and an Austrian device in 1902. Swiss mailmen and delivery boys used the device, but the sport did not develop until after ...
(from the article "Spielberg, Steven") Spielberg was also the executive producer of many television series, documentaries, and films by other directors. In 1994 he joined with studio executives Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen to form ...
(from the article "Haiti") ...and became particularly repressive; however, his regime was in some ways a return to power for the blacks. He tried unsuccessfully to annex the Dominican Republic, and in 1859 one ...
(from the article "Albania") The two main subgroups of Albanians are the Gegs (Ghegs) in the north and the Tosks in the south. Differences between the two groups were quite pronounced before World War ...
(from the article "Albania") ...family. Influenced by centuries of rule by foreigners, the Albanian vocabulary has adopted many words from the Latin, Greek, Turkish, Italian, and Slavic tongues. There are two principal dialects: Geg, ...
oval patch of faint luminosity exactly opposite to the Sun in the night sky. The patch of light is so faint it can be seen only in the absence of ... [1 Related Articles]
abode of the damned in the afterlife in Jewish and Christian eschatology (the doctrine of last things). Named in the New Testament in Greek form (from the Hebrew Ge Hinnom, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "BND") (German: "Federal Intelligence Service"), foreign intelligence agency of the West German government. Created in April 1956, it absorbed the "Gehlen Organization," a covert intelligence force which was created by Major ...
(from the article "BND") ...foreign intelligence agency of the West German government. Created in April 1956, it absorbed the "Gehlen Organization," a covert intelligence force which was created by Major General Reinhard Gehlen after ...
(from the article "gehlenite") mineral composed of calcium aluminum silicate, Ca2Al2SiO7, one end-member of the melilite mineral series (see melilite).relationship to melilitemelilite any member ...
one of the most durable players in American professional baseball and one of its great hitters. From June 1, 1925, to May 2, 1939, Gehrig, playing first base for the ... [4 Related Articles]
German poet who was the centre of a circle of literary figures drawn together in Munich by Maximilian II of Bavaria. This group belonged to the Gesellschaft der Krokodile ("Society ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "keyboard instrument") ...1610. These instruments had a series of rosined wheels that rubbed the strings when they were drawn against them by the action of the keys. According to Haiden, the instrument, ...
(from the article "Geiger counter") type of ionization chamber (q.v.) especially effective for counting individual particles of radiation.Geiger counterGeiger counter.Boffy bGeiger discharge
(from the article "radiation measurement") ...can breed another, spreading throughout the entire volume of the gas-multiplication region around the anode wire. This uncontrolled spread of avalanches throughout the entire detector is known as a Geiger ...
(from the article "Cordia") The leaves of the tropical American geiger tree, aloewood, or sebesten plum (C. sebestena) are used as a substitute for sandpaper. The bright red-orange, six- to seven-lobed flowers are striking ...
(from the article "Literature") In 2005 the Federation of German Booksellers awarded its German Book Prize, with a first prize of euro25,000 (about $30,200), to the Austrian Arno Geiger for his novel Es geht ...
German physicist who introduced the first successful detector (the Geiger counter) of individual alpha particles and other ionizing radiations. [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Phenomenology") ...the co-editors, Alexander Pfander contributed chiefly to the development of phenomenological psychology and pure logic but developed also the outlines of a complete Phenomenological philosophy. Moritz Geiger applied the new ...
German meteorologist, one of the founders of microclimatology, the study of the climatic conditions within a few metres of the ground surface. His observations, made above grassy fields or areas ...
(from the article "Table 5: Applications of Radiation Interactions in Detectors") ...strength required for additional avalanches to form, and the Geiger discharge ceases. In the process a huge number of ion pairs have been formed, and pulses as large as one ...
(from the article "radioactivity") ...German physicist Johannes Wilhelm Geiger, together with the British physicist John Mitchell Nuttall, noted the regularities of rates for even-even nuclei and proposed a remarkably successful equation for the decay ...
(from the article "Novartis AG") Geigy dates to 1758, when Johann Rudolf Geigy set up shop in Basel as a chemist and druggist; his son and grandson branched into dyes for the textile industry. In ...
Swedish poet, historian, philosopher, and social and political theorist who was a leading advocate, successively, of the conservative and liberal points of view.
British geologist who became the foremost advocate of the fluvial theories of erosion. His prolific book writing made him very influential in his time.
American serial killer whose gruesome crimes inspired popular books and films in the second half of the 20th century. Gein's case gained worldwide notoriety, and his behaviour inspired both Robert ...
(from the article "The Environment") The World Heritage Committee inscribed seven new sites on the World Heritage list in July. The sites included two fjords (Geirangerfjord and Naeroyfjord) in Norway, marine ecosystems within the Gulf ...
a member of a professional class of women in Japan whose traditional occupation is to entertain men, in modern times, particularly at businessmen's parties in restaurants or teahouses. The Japanese ...
(from the article "electric discharge lamp") ...to glow. The French astronomer Jean Picard observed (1675) a faint glow in a mercury-barometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow (static electricity) was not ...
(from the article "Cunoniaceae") ...in the order Oxalidales, comprising 26 genera of shrubs and trees, native primarily to tropical areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Several of the trees are cultivated as ornamentals, including Geissois ...
(from the article "aesthetics") ...to the spirit by articulating in concrete form its inner tensions and resolutions. For Hegel, the arts are arranged in both historical and intellectual sequence, from architecture (in which Geist ...
(from the article "thermionic power converter") ...Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel reported that only a few volts were required to drive electric current through the air between high-temperature platinum electrodes. From 1882 to 1889, Julius Elster and Hans Geitel ...
city, southern Yunnan sheng (province), China. It lies near the Vietnamese border and is the site of China's most important tin-mining operation. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "lizard") ...mode. They live in southwestern North America, Central America, southern Asia, and Africa south of the Sahara. 6 genera and about 25 species are known.Geckos that may or ...
(from the article "lizard") An early split within Scleroglossa produced the Gekkota (geckos) and the Autarchoglossa (snakes, skinks, and their relatives). Use of the vomerolfaction system did not develop within Gekkota to the extent ...
(from the article "arts, East Asian") ...Ashikaga ascendancy took the political and cultural revolution initiated by the Minamoto clan back to the capital. This was viewed, particularly by the once singularly powerful, as the time of ...
coherent mass consisting of a liquid in which particles too small to be seen in an ordinary optical microscope are either dispersed or arranged in a fine network throughout the ... [2 Related Articles]
in analytical chemistry, technique for separating chemical substances by exploiting the differences in the rates at which they pass through a bed of a porous, semisolid substance. The method is ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "separation and purification") Proteins can also be electrophoretically separated by gel sieving. In this technique, the protein is denatured (i.e., its higher structural features are destroyed) and combined with an excess of detergent, ...
(from the article "fibre, man-made") Gel spinning is an old technique that has come into use commercially only since the 1980s. As originally applied, solutions of very high solid contents (20-80 percent) were used; such ...
town, southern Sicily, Italy, on the Gulf of Gela (of the Mediterranean Sea) with a fertile plain (ancient Campi Geloi) to the north. It was founded by Cretan and Rhodian ... [2 Related Articles]
large baboonlike monkey that differs from true baboons in having the nostrils some distance from the tip of the muzzle. The gelada inhabits the mountains of Ethiopia and lives in ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") ...collecting funds from the overseas Chinese, as well as in attracting secret-society members on the mainland. The reformists strove to unite with the powerful, secret Society of Brothers and Elders ...
(from the article "Amish") ...faceless. Musical instruments are also forbidden by the Old Order Amish, as playing these, they believe, would be a "worldly" act contrary to the critical Gelassenheit: that ...
animal protein substance having gel-forming properties, used primarily in food products and home cookery, also having various industrial uses. Derived from collagen, a protein found in animal skin and bone, ... [8 Related Articles]
photographic process in which gelatin is used as the dispersing vehicle for the light-sensitive silver salts. The process, introduced in about 1880, superseded the wet collodion process, in which a ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "cereal processing") The gelatinization of starch that occurs in hot water is an important characteristic, and the viscous pastes formed are influenced by the treatment the starch has received in its preliminary ...
(from the article "Nobel, Alfred Bernhard") ...and he formed a web of corporations to produce and market his explosives. He also continued to experiment in search of better ones, and in 1875 he invented a more ...
(from the article "writing") The Polish American Assyriologist Ignace Gelb distinguished four stages in this evolution, beginning with picture writing, which expressed ideas directly; followed by word-based writing systems; then by sound-based syllabic writing ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...of Puccini's Gianni Schicchi; another film director, William Friedkin (The Exorcist), would direct the other one-act operas on the same bill. In 2006 the Met's artistic director, Peter Gelb, had ...
(from the article "Literature") ...in the journal Znameni; Yevgeny Grishkovets's Rubashka ("The Shirt"), a brief, lively novel about one day in the life of a provincial architect on a visit to Moscow; and Igor ...
American playwright known for The Connection (performed 1959, published 1960), and for his association with the Living Theatre, an innovative, experimental theatre group. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...centenary of the birth of composer Dmitry Shostakovich. The Mariinsky troupe featured a new version of The Golden Age, which was prepared in a remarkably short time by American choreographer ...
(from the article "United Kingdom") William made the most of the financial system he had inherited. In addition to customary dues, such as revenues from justice and income from royal lands, his predecessors had been ...
(from the article "World War II") ...and by noon on May 12 they were in the outskirts of Rotterdam. North of the Maas, meanwhile, where the bulk of the Dutch defense was concentrated, the Germans achieved ...
provincie, eastern and central Netherlands; it occupies an area (1,935 square miles [5,011 square km]) extending from the German border westward to the narrow Lake Veluwe (separating Gelderland from several ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "horse") A mature male horse is called a stallion, the female a mare. A stallion used for breeding is known as a stud. A castrated stallion is commonly called a gelding. ...
any of more than 4,500 species of moths (order Lepidoptera), some of which are important pests. The brown adults have gray or silver markings and average 19 mm (34 inch) ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...day-flying moths that often mimic butterflies and other colourful moths such as the Arctiidae; larvae feed on foliage of woody plants.More than 16,000 species worldwide; adults mostly larger and ...
(from the article "African dance") ...is no clear distinction between ritual celebration and social recreation in dance performances; one purpose can merge into the other, as in the appearance of the great Efe mask at ...
(from the article "computer") ...all over the world. Distributed computing promises to make better use of computers connected to ever larger and more complex networks. A pioneer in this field is Yale University computer ...
(from the article "Gelfond, Aleksandr Osipovich") ...proved that ab is transcendental if a is an algebraic number not equal to 0 or 1 and if b is an irrational algebraic number. This statement, now known as ...
Russian mathematician who originated basic techniques in the study of transcendental numbers (numbers that cannot be expressed as the root or solution of an algebraic equation with rational coefficients). He ... [1 Related Articles]
Canadian actor, director, producer, and playwright whose creation of the street urchin character Fridolin in the 1930s and performances of that character on radio and in stage revues were largely ... [1 Related Articles]
