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Genscher, Hans-Dietrich ... George Town

Genscher, Hans-Dietrich: chairman (1974-85) of the West German Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei; FDP) and foreign minister (1974-92) in both Social Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union-Christian Social Union ministries, before ...
genteel comedy: early 18th-century subgenre of the comedy of manners that reflected the behaviour of the British upper class. Contrasted with Restoration comedy, genteel comedy was somewhat artificial and sentimental. Colley Cibber's ...
gentian: (genus Gentiana), any of about 400 species of annual or perennial (rarely biennial) flowering plants of the family Gentianaceae distributed worldwide in temperate and alpine regions, especially in Europe and ...
Gentianaceae: the gentian family of the flowering plant order Gentianales, containing about 75 genera and about 1,100 species of annual and perennial herbs and, rarely, shrubs, native primarily to northern temperate ...
Gentianales: gentian order of flowering plants, belonging to the class Magnoliopsida (the dicotyledons). It is composed of 6 families and approximately 5,500 species, although up to 11 families and 12,000 species ...
Gentil, Emile: French colonial administrator who explored the areas of the present Congo (Brazzaville), Central African Republic, and Chad and helped establish French rule in equatorial Africa.
Gentile Da Fabriano: foremost painter of central Italy at the beginning of the 15th century, whose few surviving works are among the finest examples of the International Gothic style.
Gentile, Giovanni: major figure in Italian idealist philosophy, politician, educator, and editor, sometimes called the "philosopher of Fascism." His "actual idealism" shows the strong influence of G.W.F. Hegel.
Gentileschi, Artemisia: Italian painter, daughter of Orazio Gentileschi, who was a major follower of the revolutionary Baroque painter Caravaggio. She was an important second-generation proponent of Caravaggio's dramatic realism.
Gentileschi, Orazio: Italian Baroque painter, one of the more important painters who came under the influence of Caravaggio and who was one of the more successful interpreters of his style.
Gentili, Alberico: Italian jurist considered by many to be the founder of the science of international law and said to have been the first in western Europe to separate secular law from ...
Gentleman's Magazine: (1731-1914), long-popular English periodical that gave the name "magazine" to its genre. It was the first general periodical in England, founded by Edward Cave in 1731. It originated as a ...
Gentlemen's Agreement: (1907), U.S.-Japanese understanding, in which Japan agreed not to issue passports to emigrants to the United States, except to certain categories of business and professional men. In return, President Theodore ...
Gentofte: northern residential suburb of Copenhagen, Den. It maintains itself as a separate municipality (Kobenhavn amtskommune [county commune]), although it is now indistinguishable from the surrounding suburbs. It is the site ...
Gentry, Charter to the: (1785) edict issued by the Russian empress Catherine II the Great that recognized the corps of nobles in each province as a legal corporate body and stated the rights and ...
Gentz, Friedrich: German political journalist, famous for his writings against the principles of the French Revolution and Napoleon and as a confidential adviser of Metternich. Though a commoner, he sometimes affected the ...
genus: biological classification ranking between family and species, consisting of structurally or phylogenetically related species or an isolated species exhibiting unusual differentiation (monotypic genus). Thus the species of roses collectively form ...
Geny, Francois: French law professor who originated the libre recherche scientifique ("free scientific research") movement in jurisprudence. His advocacy of this principle liberalized the interpretation of codified law in ...
geocentric system: any theory of the structure of the solar system (or the universe) in which Earth is assumed to be at the centre of all. The most highly developed geocentric system ...
geochemical cycle: developmental path followed by individual elements or groups of elements in the crustal and subcrustal zones of the Earth and on its surface. The concept of a geochemical cycle encompasses ...
geochemistry: scientific discipline that deals with the relative abundance, distribution, and migration of the Earth's chemical elements and their isotopes.
geochronology: field of scientific investigation concerned with determining the age and history of the Earth's rocks and rock assemblages. Such time determinations are made and the record of past geologic events ...
geode: hollow mineral body found in limestones and some shales. The common form is a slightly flattened globe ranging in diameter from 2.5 to more than 30 cm (1 to 12 ...
geodesic dome: spherical form in which lightweight triangular or polygonal facets consisting of either skeletal struts or flat planes, largely in tension, replace the arch principle and distribute stresses within the structure ...
geodesy: scientific discipline concerned with the precise figure of the Earth and its determination and significance. Until the advent of satellites, all geodesic work was based on land surveys made by ...
geoduck: (species Panopea generosa), marine invertebrate of the class Bivalvia (phylum Mollusca) that inhabits the sandy muds of the intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones of the Pacific coast of North America ...
Geoffrey II: count of Anjou (1040-60), whose territorial ambitions, though making him troublesome to his father, Fulk III Nerra, resulted in the further expansion of Angevin lands after his father's death. (Geoffrey's ...
Geoffrey IV: duke of Brittany and earl of Richmond, the fourth, but third surviving, son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Geoffrey IV: count of Anjou (1131-51), Maine, and Touraine and ancestor of the Plantagenet kings of England through his marriage, in June 1128, to Matilda (q.v.), daughter of Henry I of England. ...
Geoffrey Of Monmouth: medieval English chronicler and bishop of St. Asaph (1152), whose major work, the Historia regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), brought the figure of Arthur into European literature.
Geoffrin, Marie-Therese Rodet: French hostess whose salon in the Hotel de Rambouillet was an international meeting place of artists and men of letters from 1749 to 1777.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne: French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition," postulating a single consistent structural plan basic to all animals as a major tenet of comparative anatomy, and who founded ...
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore: French zoologist noted for his work on anatomical abnormalities in humans and lower animals.
Geoffroy's cat: South American cat of the family Felidae, found in mountainous regions, especially in Argentina. It is gray or brown with black markings and grows to a length of about 90 ...
Geoffroy, Etienne-Francois: French chemist, the first chemist to speak of affinity in terms of fixed attractions between different bodies.
Geographic Names, Board on: interdepartmental agency of the U.S. government created in 1890 and providing standardized geographic names of foreign and domestic places for use by the federal government. It was established in its ...
Geographie Universelle: major French work on regional geography of the entire world. It consists of 15 volumes in 23 parts. The work is known for its vivid characterization and description of each ...
geography: the study of the surface of the Earth. The word is derived from the Greek words geo ("the Earth") and graphein ("to write").
geography: (from Greek geo, "earth," graphein, "to write"), the scientific study of the Earth's surface. Geography describes and analyzes the spatial variations in physical, biological, and human phenomena that occur on ...
geoid: model of the figure of the Earth-i.e., of the planet's size and shape-that coincides with mean sea level over the oceans and continues in continental areas as an imaginary sea-level ...
geologic sciences: the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth. Included are sciences such as mineralogy, geodesy, and stratigraphy.
geologic time: the extensive interval of time occupied by the Earth's geologic history. It extends from about 3.9 billion years ago (corresponding to the age of the oldest known rocks) to the ...
geology: scientific study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and history. The term geology is broadly inclusive and is often regarded as embracing all of the geologic sciences.
geomagnetic field: magnetic field associated with the Earth. It primarily is dipolar (i.e., it has two poles, these being the north and south magnetic poles) on the Earth's surface. Away from the ...
geomagnetic reversal: an alternation of the Earth's magnetic polarity in geologic time. See polar wandering.
geomagnetics: branch of geophysics concerned with all aspects of the Earth's magnetic field, including its origin, variation through time, and manifestations in the form of magnetic poles, the remanent magnetization of ...
Geometres, John: Byzantine poet, official, and bishop, known for his short poems in classical metre. Geometres held the post of protospatharios (commander of the guards) at the Byzantine court and later was ...
Geometric style: style of ancient Greek art, primarily of vase painting, that began about 900 BC and represents the last purely Mycenaean-Greek art form that originated before the influx of foreign inspiration ...
geometrid moth: any member of the large, cosmopolitan moth family Geometridae (order Lepidoptera), which includes the species commonly known as pug, wave, emerald, and carpet moths. The larvae of geometrid moths are ...
geometry: the branch of mathematics concerned with the shape of individual objects, spatial relationships among various objects, and the properties of surrounding space. It is one of the oldest branches of ...
geomoroi: class of citizens in ancient Greek society. In 7th-century-BC Attic society, geomoroi were freemen, generally peasant farm holders, lower on the social and political scale than the eupatridae, the aristocracy, ...
geomorphic cycle: theory of the evolution of landforms. In this theory, first set forth by William M. Davis between 1884 and 1934, landforms were assumed to change through time from "youth" to ...
geomorphology: scientific discipline concerned with the description and classification of the Earth's topographic features.
Geophone: trade name for an acoustic detector that responds to ground vibrations generated by seismic waves. Geophones-also called jugs, pickups, and tortugas-are placed on the ground surface in various patterns, or ...
geophysics: major branch of the Earth sciences that applies the principles and methods of physics to the study of the Earth.
geopolitics: the analysis of geographic influences on power relationships in international politics. Geopolitical theorists have sought to demonstrate the importance in the determination of national policy of such considerations as the ...
George: king of Bohemia from 1458. As head of the conservative Utraquist faction of Hussite Protestants, he established himself as a power when Bohemia was still under Habsburg rule, and he ...
George: town, Western Cape province, South Africa. The town lies distantly east of Cape Town and immediately inland from the Indian Ocean. It was founded in 1811 as the first British ...
George Cross: a British civilian and military decoration, instituted in 1940 by King George VI for "acts of the greatest heroism or of the most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger." ...
George I: elector of Hanover (1698-1727) and first Hanoverian king of Great Britain (1714-27).
George I: king of Greece, whose long reign (1863-1913) was the formative period for the development of Greece as a modern European state. His descendants occupied the throne until the military coup ...
George II: king of Great Britain and elector of Hanover from 1727 to 1760. Although he possessed sound political judgment, his lack of self-confidence caused him to rely heavily on his ministers, ...
George II: duke of Saxe-Meiningen, theatrical director and designer who developed many of the basic principles of modern acting and stage design.
George II: king of Greece from September 1922 to March 1924 and from October 1935 until his death. His second reign was marked by the ascendancy of the military dictator Ioannis Metaxas.
George III: king of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820) and elector (1760-1814) and then king (1814-20) of Hanover, during a period when Britain won an empire in the Seven Years' War but ...
George IV: king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and king of Hanover from Jan. 29, 1820, previously the sovereign de facto from Feb. 5, 1811, when he became ...
George Mason University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Fairfax, Virginia, U.S. It consists of 12 colleges and schools offering a variety of undergraduate and graduate degrees. Several of its graduate programs ...
George Of Cappadocia: opponent of and controversial successor (357) to Bishop Athanasius the Great of Alexandria, whom the Roman emperor Constantius II had exiled for attacking Arianism. As an extreme Arian, George was ...
George of Laodicea: bishop of Laodicea who was one of the principal champions of the homoiousian, or moderate Arian, theological position of the early Christian church.
George Of Trebizond: Byzantine humanist, Greek scholar, and Aristotelian polemist. His academic influence in Italy and within the papacy, his theories on grammar and literary criticism, and his Latin translations of ancient Greek ...
George Philip and Son: British publishing house, one of the oldest in the United Kingdom, located in London. The company, specializing in maps and atlases, was founded in 1834. Some of its well-known publications ...
George River: river in Nord-du-Quebec region, northeastern Quebec province, Canada. It rises near the Labrador (Newfoundland) border, flows northward parallel to the boundary for 350 miles (563 km), and empties into the ...
George The Monk: Byzantine historian, author of a world chronicle that constitutes the prime documentary source for mid-9th-century Byzantine history, particularly the iconoclast (Greek: "image destroyer") movement.
George The Pisidian: Byzantine epic poet, historian, and cleric whose classically structured verse was acclaimed as a model for medieval Greek poetry, but whose arid, bombastic tone manifested Hellenism's cultural decline.
George The Syncellus: Byzantine historian and author of a world chronicle of events from the creation to the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian (reigned 284-305). Together with the parallel work by Eusebius ...
George Town: leading port of Malaysia, situated on a triangular promontory in the northeastern sector of the island of Penang (Pinang). Its sheltered harbour is separated from the west coast of Peninsular ...