| | - Gasprinski, Ismail
- Turkish journalist and writer who was an advocate of pan-Islamic unity and whose writings significantly contributed to the growth of cultural identity within the Turkic community of Russia. [3 Related Articles]
- Gasquet, Francis Aidan
- English Roman Catholic historian, a cardinal from 1914, and prefect of the Vatican archives from 1917.
- Gass, J Donald MacIntyre
- American ophthalmologist (b. Aug. 2, 1928, Prince Edward Island-d. Feb. 26, 2005, Nashville, Tenn.), conducted groundbreaking research on diseases of the retina, which led to treatments that saved the eyesight ...
- Gass, William H.
- American writer noted for his experimentation with stylistic devices.
- Gassendi, Pierre
- French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, who revived Epicureanism as a substitute for Aristotelianism, attempting in the process to reconcile mechanistic atomism with the Christian belief in an infinite God. [14 Related Articles]
- Gasser, Herbert Spencer
- American physiologist, corecipient (with Joseph Erlanger) of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for fundamental discoveries concerning the functions of different kinds of nerve fibres. [1 Related Articles]
- Gassman, Vittorio
- Italian actor and director (b. Sept. 1, 1922, Genoa, Italy-d. June 29, 2000, Rome, Italy), epitomized the quintessential Italian leading man-"tall, dark, and handsome"-but his conventional good looks sometimes obscured ...
- Gassner, Dennis
- (from the article "1991: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Callie Khouri for Thelma & LouiseAdapted Screenplay: Ted Tally for The Silence of the LambsCinematography: Robert Richardson for JFKArt Direction: Dennis Gassner for BugsyOriginal Score: Alan Menken for ...
- gastald
- (from the article "Italy") Locally, cities provided the basis of government, which was another Roman tradition. In the kingdom, either a duke or a gastald governed each city and its territory; ...
- Gastarbeiter
- (from the article "migrant labour") ...Middle East in the second half of the 20th century. Rapid industrial growth in the former West Germany after World War II, for instance, produced a severe labour shortage, attracting ...
- Gastein Valley
- side valley of the Salzach River, in Bundesland (federal state) Salzburg, west-central Austria. Lying along the north slope of the Hohe Tauern Mountains and traversed by the Gasteiner River, it ...
- Gastein, Convention of
- agreement between Austria and Prussia reached on Aug. 20, 1865, after their seizure of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark in 1864; it temporarily postponed the final struggle ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gaster, Moses
- (from the article "Romanian literature") ...Luca Caragiale died in 1912 but was relevant to the 20th century as the creator of Romanian social comedy. Similarly, Barbu Stefanescu established the historical national drama, and Moses Gaster ...
- Gaster, Theodor
- (from the article "myth") ...expressions of a proverbial kind, using the distilled wisdom of the community to account for the strange and often disturbing events represented in the plays. The origins of drama are ...
- gasteromycetes
- name often given to a subgroup of fungi consisting of more than 700 species in the phylum Basidiomycota (kingdom Fungi). Their spores, called basidiospores, are borne within a variety of ...
- gasterosteiform
- any member of the order Gasterosteiformes, a group of fishes characterized generally by soft fin rays, pelvic fins located on the abdomen, an air bladder without a duct to the ...
- Gastoldi, Giovanni Giacomo
- (from the article "balletto") ...quality common to the lighter forms of the time, such as the canzonetta, villota, villanesca, and villanella. The term was first applied to musical compositions by the Italian Giovanni Gastoldi ...
- Gaston III
- count of Foix from 1343, who made Foix one of the most influential and powerful domains in France. A handsome man (hence the surname Phoebus), his court in southern France ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gastonia
- city, seat (1909) of Gaston county, southwestern North Carolina, U.S. It lies on the central Piedmont Plateau, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Charlotte. The site was settled in ...
- gastraea theory
- (from the article "Haeckel, Ernst") Though his concepts of recapitulation were in error, Haeckel brought attention to important biological questions. His gastraea theory, tracing all multicellular animals to a hypothetical two-layered ancestor, stimulated both discussion ...
- gastrectomy
- surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. This procedure is used to remove both benign and malignant neoplasms (tumours) of the stomach, including adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the ...
- gastric artery
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...are unpaired, and the renal and testicular or ovarian, which are paired. The celiac artery arises from the aorta a short distance below the diaphragm and almost immediately divides into ...
- gastric atrophy
- (from the article "digestive system disease") Another form of gastritis is gastric atrophy, in which the thickness of the mucosa is diminished. Gastric atrophy is often the culmination of damage to the stomach over many years. ...
- gastric dilatation volvulus
- (from the article "dog") ...predilection, whereas others occur in all pure and mixed breeds. Large- and giant-breed dogs, such as Irish setters, St. Bernards, bloodhounds, and Great Danes, are prone to a condition known ...
- gastric gland
- any of the branched tubules in the inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus. [1 Related Articles]
- gastric inhibitory peptide
- (from the article "digestive system, human") Secreted by the K cells, gastric inhibitory peptide enhances insulin production in response to a high concentration of blood sugar, and it inhibits the absorption of water and electrolytes in ...
- gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone secreted by cells of the intestinal mucosa that blocks the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the stomach. It also increases insulin secretion from ...
- gastric juice
- (from the article "antacid") any substance, such as sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide, used to counteract or neutralize gastric acids and relieve the discomfort caused by gastric acidity. Indigestion, gastritis, and several ...
- gastric lavage
- (from the article "gastroenterology") A major advance in treatment in the 19th century was the use of gastric lavage (washing out of the stomach) to treat stomach poisoning; this became a standard treatment for ...
- gastric lymphadenectomy
- (from the article "gastrectomy") ...five-year survival rates, typically around 90 percent, whereas patients with late-stage cancers have low five-year survival rates, generally less than 10 percent. Gastrectomy is often accompanied by gastric lymphadenectomy (removal ...
- gastric mill
- (from the article "crustacean") ...Anomopoda. The foregut shows the greatest range of structure; in some crustacean species it is a simple tube, but in decapods it reaches great complexity in forming a chitinized structure ...
- gastric ulcer
- (from the article "peptic ulcer") Between 10 and 15 percent of the world's population suffers from peptic ulcer. Duodenal ulcers, which account for 80 percent of peptic ulcers, are more common in men than in ...
- Gastrikland
- landskap (province), eastern Sweden. It lies along the Gulf of Bothnia, in the administrative lan (county) of Gavleborg. It is one of the smaller traditional provinces of Sweden. Bounded on ...
- gastrin
- any of a group of digestive hormones secreted by the wall of the pyloric end of the stomach (the area where the stomach joins the small intestine) of mammals. Gastrin ... [4 Related Articles]
- gastrinoma
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") A type of malignant tumour of the endocrine pancreas is a gastrin-secreting tumour called a gastrinoma. These tumours secrete gastrin, which stimulates the stomach to produce acid, and therefore ulcers ...
- gastritis
- acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosal layers of the stomach. Acute gastritis may be caused by excessive intake of alcohol, ingestion of irritating drugs, food poisoning, and infectious diseases. ... [3 Related Articles]
- gastrocnemius muscle
- large posterior muscle of the calf of the leg. It originates at the back of the femur (thighbone) and patella (kneecap) and, joining the soleus (another muscle of the calf), ...
- gastrocolic reflex
- (from the article "pregnancy") ...and stagnation of the bowel contents. Pregnant women may also lose the urge to defecate because of the pressure of the uterus on the lower bowel and inhibition of a ...
- gastrodermis
- (from the article "endoderm") ...the larynx, trachea, and lungs; the gastrointestinal tract (except mouth and anus), the urinary bladder, the vagina (in females), and the urethra. The term endoderm is sometimes used to refer ...
- gastroenteritis
- acute infectious syndrome of the stomach lining and the intestine. It is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Other symptoms can include nausea, fever, and chills. The severity of ... [3 Related Articles]
- gastroenterology
- medical specialty concerned with the digestive system and its diseases. Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat the diseases and disorders of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Among the ...
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- relatively common digestive disorder characterized by frequent passage of gastric contents from the stomach back into the esophagus. The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning sensation in ... [3 Related Articles]
- gastrolith
- (from the article "dinosaur") ...unusual bacterial population in the intestines to break down the fibre. A digestive tract with one or more crop chambers containing stones might have aided in the food-pulverizing process, but ...
- gastronomy
- (from the article "Uses of spices and herbs with foods") collection of recipes, instructions, and information about the preparation and serving of foods. At its best, a cookbook is also a chronicle and treasury of the fine art of cooking, ...
- gastrophetes
- (from the article "military technology") ...BC directed his engineers to construct military engines in preparation for war with Carthage. Dionysius' engineers surely drew on existing practice. The earliest of the Greek engines was the gastrophetes, ...
- gastropod
- any member of more than 65,000 animal species belonging to the class Gastropoda, the largest group in the phylum Mollusca. The class is made up of the snails, which have ... [7 Related Articles]
- gastroscope
- (from the article "gastroenterology") ...that could be inserted down the esophagus and upon which a light was mounted to illuminate the area visualized was invented in about 1889; this rigid instrument was soon replaced ...
- Gastrotheca
- (from the article "Anura") Direct development occurs in several species of hylid marsupial frogs (Gastrotheca) living in mountain rainforests in northwestern South America. In these frogs, amplexus is axillary, and the ...
- Gastrotheca marsupiata
- (from the article "Anura") The hylid Gastrotheca marsupiata, one of several so-called marsupial frogs, lives in the high Andes of South America. During amplexus, the male exudes a quantity of semen, ...
- gastrotrich
- any of about 500 species of the phylum Gastrotricha, a group of microscopic aquatic invertebrates that live in the spaces between sand grains and soil particles and on the outer ... [1 Related Articles]
- gastrozooid
- (from the article "cnidarian") ...and some anthozoans are polymorphic, differing in morphology (form and structure) and/or physiology. Each zooid within the colony has a specific function and varies somewhat in form. For example, gastrozooids ...
- gastrula
- early multicellular embryo, composed of two or more germinal layers of cells from which the various organs later derive. The gastrula develops from the hollow, single-layered ball of cells called ... [3 Related Articles]
- gastrulation
- (from the article "development") After several divisions, the animal embryo forms a hollow ball called a blastula, which differentiates into three types of cells (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). In gastrulation, these cells migrate into ...
- gat
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...tala. In South Indian music all composed pieces are primarily for the voice and have lyrics. In North India, however, there are also some purely instrumental compositions, called gat and ...
- Gatchina
- city, Leningrad oblast (province), northwestern Russia, lying 15 miles (24 km) southwest of St. Petersburg. The first mention of Khotchino dates from 1499, when it was a possession of Novgorod. ... [1 Related Articles]
- gate
- (from the article "Western architecture") A monumental city gate, while sometimes serving a commemorative purpose, differs from an arch in being part of the defenses of the city. Of these gates the most famous are ...
- gate
- (from the article "metallurgy") ...with a binder such as water and clay is packed around a pattern to form the mold. The pattern is removed, and on top of the cavity is placed a ...
- gate
- in hydraulic engineering, movable barrier for controlling the passage of fluid through a channel or sluice. River and canal locks have a pair of gates at each end. When closed, ... [2 Related Articles]
- gate control system
- (from the article "pain") The theory of pain that most accurately accounts for the physical and psychological aspects of pain is the gate-control theory. According to this model, the perception of pain depends on ...
- gate current
- (from the article "electronics") The device will start to conduct if a suitable amount of gate current is applied, but otherwise it will not. The gate current is the equivalent of the base current ...
- Gate of Honour
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...garden. The Gate of Virtue (after 1565), opening into the new quadrangle, is a fine Classical portal with Ionic pilasters, but with a Tudor Gothic many-centred arch for the opening. ...
- Gate of Humility
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...planned three gateways in connection with the court, two of which were in the Italian style. The three gates were to mark the progress of the student through the university. ...
- Gate of Virtue
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...the Italian style. The three gates were to mark the progress of the student through the university. At the entrance was the Gate of Humility (1565), a modest doorway, now ...
- Gate Theatre
- Dublin dramatic company, founded in 1928 by Hilton Edwards and Micheal MacLiammoir, whose repertoire included works from many periods and countries, unlike that of the established Abbey Theatre. [4 Related Articles]
- gate voltage
- (from the article "electronics") ...connects the source and drain electrically and permits current to flow between them when the drain is biased positively with respect to the source. The amount of current is controlled ...
- gateleg table
- type of table first used in England in the 16th century. The top had a fixed section and one or two hinged sections, which, when not in use, folded back ...
- Gateluzzi family
- (from the article "Mytilene") ...hinterland. From the 6th century BC the city suffered from dictators, wars with Athens, Persian conquest, and civil revolts. It was made a free city under the Romans. From 1355 ...
- Gates of Paradise
- the pair of gilded bronze doors (1425-52) designed by the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the east entrance of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. Each wing of the Gates ... [6 Related Articles]
- Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve
- large, remote wilderness area in northern Alaska, U.S. It is part of a vast region of national parks, monuments, and preserves located north of the Arctic Circle that stretches for ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gates, Bill
- American computer programmer and entrepreneur who cofounded Microsoft Corporation, the world's largest personal-computer software company. [7 Related Articles]
- Gates, Bill and Melinda
- On May 4, 2006, the Prince of Asturias Foundation in Spain announced that the 2006 Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation would go to computer entrepreneur Bill Gates and ...
- Gates, Frederick T.
- American philanthropist and businessman, a major figure in the Rockefeller interests, who spearheaded the endowment drive that created the University of Chicago. [1 Related Articles]
- Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.
- American literary critic and scholar known for his pioneering theories of African literature and African American literature. He introduced the notion of signifyin' to represent African and African American literary ... [2 Related Articles]
- Gates, Horatio
- English-born American general in the American Revolution (1775-83) whose victory over the British at the Battle of Saratoga (1777) turned the tide of victory in behalf of the Revolutionaries. [9 Related Articles]
- Gates, John Warne
- American financier and steel magnate who leveraged an $8,000 investment in a barbed-wire plant into the $90,000,000 American Steel & Wire Co.
- Gates, Melinda
- American businesswoman and philanthropist who-with her husband, Microsoft Corporation cofounder Bill Gates-cofounded the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. [4 Related Articles]
- Gates, Robert M.
- U.S. government official who served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; 1991-93) under President George Bush and as secretary of defense (2006- ) in the administration of President ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gates, Sir Thomas
- (from the article "Jamestown Colony") ...meanwhile, the company received a new royal charter on May 23, 1609, which gave the colony a new form of management, replacing its president and council with a governor. The ...
- Gates, William
- (from the article "Zapata, Emiliano") A new U.S. envoy, William Gates, visited Zapata and then published a series of articles in the United States; he contrasted the order of the Zapata-controlled zone with the chaos ...
- Gateshead
- (from the article "Gateshead") town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It was initially a small settlement that developed at the southern end of a medieval ...
- Gateshead
- town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It was initially a small settlement that developed at the southern end of a medieval ...
- gateway
- (from the article "information processing") ...protocol that accommodates all the data types and formats used by the servers. Communication with other wide-area services using different protocols is accomplished by routing through so-called gateways capable of ...
- Gateway Arch
- (from the article "Saint Louis") ...city also has an opera company and several theatre organizations. Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, built on the original village plat, is dominated by the 630-foot (192-metre) stainless-steel Gateway Arch (1965), ...
- Gateway Computer Corporation
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Acer of Taiwan acquired American PC maker Gateway for $710 million. Gateway, founded in 1985 as a direct-sales PC firm that had no stores, had fallen on hard times in ...
- Gateway of the Sun
- (from the article "Tiwanaku") ...as the Kalasasaya, constructed of alternating tall stone columns and smaller rectangular blocks; and another enclosure known as the Palacio. A notable feature of the Kalasasaya is the monolithic Gateway ...
- Gath
- one of the five royal cities of the Philistines, the exact location of which in modern Israel has not been determined. The name occurs several times in the Old Testament, ...
- gatha
- (from the article "anga") 4. Gatha ("verse"), works in poetic form.
- Gatha
- (from the article "Avestan language") eastern Iranian language of the Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism. Avestan falls into two strata, the older being that of the Gathas, which reflects a linguistic stage (dating from ...
- gathering of the Russian lands
- (from the article "Russia") Ivan III (ruled 1462-1505) consolidated from a secure throne the gains his father, Vasily II, had won. The "gathering of the Russian lands," as it has traditionally been known, became ...
- Gathering of the Tribes
- (from the article "hippie") ...music festivals, sometimes protests, often simply excuses for celebrations of life-were an important part of the hippie movement. The first "be-in," called the Gathering of the Tribes, was held in ...
- gati
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...of the brahma deities is the kama-loka (Pali and Sanskrit: "the realm of desire"). This realm includes a set of six gatis ("destinies") that ...
- Gatineau
- city, Outaouais region, southwestern Quebec province, Canada. It is situated on the north bank of the Ottawa River, opposite Ottawa, straddling the mouth of the Gatineau River. The city derives ... [1 Related Articles]
- Gatineau River
- river in Outaouais region, southwestern Quebec province, Canada. The river rises in a chain of lakes north of Baskatong Reservoir and flows generally southward for 240 miles (390 km) to ...
- Gatlin, Justin
- (from the article "Track and Field Sports (Athletics)") ...rebounded at his next competition (in Rieti, Italy, on September 9) to break the 100-m world record (in a qualifying heat) with a time of 9.74 sec. Powell had shared ...
- Gatlinburg
- city, Sevier county, eastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Knoxville, at the northwestern entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. English and Scotch-Irish settlers ...
- Gatling gun
- hand-driven machine gun, the first to solve the problems of loading, reliability, and the firing of sustained bursts. It was invented by Richard J. Gatling during the American Civil War ... [3 Related Articles]
- Gatling, Richard Jordan
- American inventor best known for his invention of the Gatling gun (q.v.), a crank-operated, multibarrel machine gun, which he patented in 1862. [2 Related Articles]
- Gato
- (from the article "submarine") The highly successful U.S. submarine campaign in the Pacific war was waged mainly with the Gato- and Balao-class submarines. These were approximately 311.5 feet long, displaced 1,525 tons, and had ...
- Gatsalov, Khadzimurat
- (from the article "Wrestling") ...and regions. In men's freestyle competition, Russia (51 points) added another team gold medal, followed by Iran (44 points). The U.S. was third with 35 points. Russia's five medalists included ...
- Gatski, Gunner
- American football player (b. March 18, 1919, Farmington, W.Va.-d. Nov. 22, 2005, Morgantown, W.Va.), blocked for quarterback Otto Graham and running back Marion Motley while playing (1946-56) for the Cleveland ...
- Gattinara, Mercurino
- (from the article "Luther, Martin") ...and bring the heretic to his deserved judgment. Charles shared Aleandro's sentiment but realized that the idea of giving Luther a hearing enjoyed widespread support in Germany. Charles's adviser Mercurino ...
|
|
