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Garter, The Most Noble Order of the ... Gaspesian Provincial Park

Garter, The Most Noble Order of the: English order of knighthood founded by King Edward III in 1348, ranked as the highest British civil and military honour obtainable. Because the earliest records of the order were destroyed ... [2 Related Articles]
Garthorne, George: (from the article "chocolate pot") The earliest surviving chocolate pot dates from 1685 and was made by the English silversmith George Garthorne. The drinking of chocolate in coffee houses was very fashionable during the last ...
Gartner, Friedrich von: (from the article "Western architecture") ...increasingly turgid neo-Renaissance manner, as in the Reichstag Building (1884-94). In the mid-19th century Munich was transformed for King Ludwig I of Bavaria by architects Leo von Klenze and Friedrich ...
Gartok: town, western Tibet Autonomous Region, western China. It is located at an elevation of 14,630 feet (4,460 metres) at the foot of the Kailas Range (Gangdisi Shan) on the Gar ...
garua: (from the article "Lima") ...°F (21-27 °C) in the summer months of December to April. The cooling of the coastal air mass produces thick cloud cover throughout the winter, and the
Garuda: in Hindu mythology, the bird and the vahana (mount) of the god Vishnu. In the Rgveda (a collection of Vedic hymns) the sun is compared to a bird in its ... [1 Related Articles]
Garvey, Marcus: charismatic black leader who organized the first important American black nationalist movement (1919-26), based in New York City's Harlem. [2 Related Articles]
Garvin, J. L.: (from the article "Encyclopaedia Britannica") ...Hooper in New York City were added to the 29 volumes of the 11th edition, which then became the 12th edition. In 1926 three wholly new supplementary volumes, edited by ...
Garwyn of Powys, Cynan: (from the article "Celtic literature") The heroic tradition of poetry existed also in Wales proper and was continued after the break with North Britain in the mid-7th century. The earliest surviving example is a poem ...
Gary: city, Lake county, extreme northwest Indiana, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Lake Michigan, east of Chicago. In 1906 the town (named for Elbert H. Gary, chief organizer ...
Gary Plan: (from the article "education") From such experimental programs as the Dalton Plan, the Winnetka Plan, and the Gary Plan, and from the pioneering work of Francis W. Parker and notably John Dewey, which ushered ...
Gary, Elbert Henry: U.S. jurist and chief organizer of the United States Steel Corporation. [1 Related Articles]
Gary, Jim: American sculptor (b. March 17, 1939, Sebastian, Fla.-d. Jan. 14, 2006, Freehold, N.J.), used parts from junked automobiles to create nearly life-size brightly coloured, graceful, and engaging sculptures of dinosaurs. ...
Gary, John: American singer who was a regular on Don McNeill's "Breakfast Club" on radio and television in the 1950s, hosted his own TV show for three years in the 1960s, and ...
Gary, Romain: Lithuanian-born French novelist whose first work, L'Education europeenne (1945; Forest of Anger), won him immediate acclaim. Humanistic and optimistic despite its graphic depictions of the horrors of World War II, ...
Garzon, Jaime: Colombian comedian and journalist whose popularity stemmed from his irreverent and pointed radio and television political satire; it was thought that his assassination by a motorcycle gunman was the result ...
gas: (from the article "occupational disease") Gases may act as local irritants to inflame mucous surfaces. Common examples include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and fluorine, which have pungent odours and can severely irritate the eyes and the ...
gas: one of the three fundamental states of matter, with distinctly different properties from the liquid and solid states. [36 Related Articles]
gas balloon: (from the article "balloon flight") ...balloons may be used for short flights at low altitudes or taken on "long jumps," using stronger winter winds to travel hundreds of kilometres at altitudes of up to about ...
gas buoy: (from the article "lighthouse") In addition to the light, a buoy may be fitted with a racon, radar reflector, and low-power fog signal. In earlier times acetylene gas was the only practicable illuminant, which ...
gas burner: heating device in which natural gas is used for fuel. Gas may be supplied to the burner prior to combustion at a pressure sufficient to induce a supply of air ... [1 Related Articles]
gas centrifuging: (from the article "nuclear reactor") In gas centrifuging, the uranium hexafluoride gas is fed into a high-speed centrifuge. The lighter species of this mixture of gaseous molecules including ²³⁵U tend to concentrate away from the ...
gas chamber: method of executing condemned prisoners by lethal gas. [2 Related Articles]
gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system: (from the article "mass spectrometry") ...is signaled by a suitable detector. In 1957 a mass spectrometer was first employed as the detector, and an important instrument for organic analysis found its place in the modern ...
gas chromatography: in analytical chemistry, technique for separating chemical substances in which the sample is carried by a moving gas stream through a tube packed with a finely divided solid that may ... [10 Related Articles]
gas cloud: (from the article "volcano") Even beyond the limit of explosive destruction, the hot, ash-laden gas clouds associated with an explosive eruption can scorch vegetation and kill animals and people by suffocation. Gas clouds emitted ...
gas cycling: (from the article "petroleum production") Natural gas reservoirs often contain appreciable quantities of heavier hydrocarbons held in the gaseous state. If reservoir pressure is allowed to decline during gas production, these hydrocarbons will condense in ...
Gas Dynamics Laboratory: (from the article "space exploration") ...the government took an interest in rockets as early as 1921 with the founding of a military facility devoted to rocket research. Over the next decade, that centre was expanded ...
gas engine: (from the article "gasoline engine") The gas engine has much in common with the gasoline engine; in fact, in some instances their differences are very slight at best. Structurally, the difference lies primarily in the ...
gas exchange: (from the article "respiration, human") Respiratory gases-oxygen and carbon dioxide-move between the air and the blood across the respiratory exchange surfaces in the lungs. The structure of the human lung provides an immense internal surface ...
gas excitation: (from the article "colour") Gas excitation involves the emission of light by a chemical element present as a gas or vapour. When a gas such as neon or a vaporized element such as sodium ...
gas field: (from the article "Arctic") ...there are many examples of large-scale and unsightly disturbance of the surface, whether by road building, opencut mining, vehicle movement across the tundra, or other human activities. Oil and gas ...
gas gangrene: (from the article "gangrene") A different and more virulent form, gas gangrene, is caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Clostridium, which grow only in the absence of oxygen. It typically develops in ...
gas grenade: (from the article "grenade") Another major class is chemical and gas grenades, which usually burn rather than explode. This class comprises smoke, incendiary (fire-setting), illuminating, chemical-warfare, and tear-gas grenades. The latter are used by ...
gas gun: (from the article "air gun") ...constructed on the older principle of a reservoir, but these use cylinders of compressed gas, usually carbon dioxide. A single cylinder will give a number of shots before replacement is ...
Gas Hills: district rich in uranium deposits, east-southeast of Riverton, central Wyoming, U.S. Uranium was first discovered there by Neil and Maxine McNeice in 1953 on a knoll, now called Discovery Hill, ...
gas hydrate: (from the article "petroleum refining") ...as the pressure is increased and the temperature reduced. If liquid forms in the coolers, the gas may be at its dew point with respect to water or hydrocarbons. This ...
gas laser: (from the article "laser") ...as a laser. On May 16, 1960, he produced red pulses from a ruby rod about the size of a fingertip. In December 1960 Ali Javan, William Bennett, Jr., and ...
gas lift: (from the article "petroleum production") ...beam" (an arm that rises and falls like a seesaw) on the surface. A string of solid metal "sucker rods" connects the walking beam to the piston of the pump. ...
gas lift pump: (from the article "pump") Other types of pumps. Gas lifts are used to raise liquids from the bottoms of wells. Compressed gas is introduced into the liquid near the bottom of the well as ...
gas light: (from the article "stage design") The first major advance in several centuries was the introduction of gas lighting. Near the end of the 18th century, the Scottish engineer William Murdock developed a practical method to ...
Gas Light and Coke Company: (from the article "building construction") ...in 1792 William Murdock developed the gas jet lighting fixture. The first large building to have gas lighting (from a small gas plant on the site) was James Watt's foundry ...
gas mantle: (from the article "incandescent lamp") Nonelectric incandescent lamps include the gas-mantle lamp. The mantle is a mesh bag of fabric impregnated with a solution of nitrates of cerium and one or more of the following ...
gas maser: (from the article "maser") Generation of radio waves by stimulated emission of radiation has been achieved in several gases in addition to ammonia. Hydrogen cyanide molecules have been used to produce a wavelength of ...
gas mask: breathing device designed to protect the wearer against harmful substances in the air. The typical gas mask consists of a tight-fitting facepiece that contains filters, an exhalation valve, and transparent ... [2 Related Articles]
gas meter: device for measuring the quantity or rate of flow of a gas. Types of gas meters (by operating principles) include displacement, velocity, head, thermal, acoustic, and tracer.
gas multiplication: (from the article "ionization chamber") ...field near the axial wire intense enough to accelerate the approaching electrons to energies so high that their collisions with the gas molecules cause further ionization. This effect, called gas ...
gas operation: (from the article "machine gun") More common than either of these two methods is gas operation. In this method, the energy required to operate the gun is obtained from the pressure of gas tapped off ...
gas plant: ornamental, gland-covered perennial herb, of the rue family (Rutaceae), native to Eurasia. The flowers (white or pink) and the leaves give off a strong aromatic vapour which can be ignited, ... [2 Related Articles]
gas reservoir: in geology, naturally occurring storage area, characteristically a folded rock formation such as an anticline, that traps and holds natural gas. The reservoir rock must be permeable and porous to ...
gas sensor: (from the article "conductive ceramics") Gas sensors
gas shell: (from the article "artillery") ...filled with white phosphorus, were adopted for screening the activities of troops; illuminating shells, containing magnesium flares suspended by parachutes, illuminated the battlefield at night; gas shells, filled with various ...
gas sphere: (from the article "Emden, Robert") physicist and astrophysicist who developed a theory of expansion and compression of gas spheres and applied it to stellar structure.
gas thermometer: (from the article "thermometer") Any substance that somehow changes with alterations in its temperature can be used as the basic component in a thermometer. Gas thermometers work best at very low temperatures. Liquid thermometers ...
gas transport: (from the article "respiration, human") Respiratory gases move between the environment and the respiring tissues by two principal mechanisms, convection and diffusion. Convection, or mass flow, is responsible for movement of air from the environment ...
gas vacuole: (from the article "bacteria") ...triglycerides. In bacteria, storage granules are produced under favourable growth conditions and are consumed after the nutrients have been depleted from the medium. Many aquatic bacteria produce gas vacuoles, which ...
gas welding: (from the article "welding") One such process is gas welding. It once ranked as equal in importance to the metal-arc welding processes but is now confined to a specialized area of sheet fabrication and ...
gas-cooled fast-breeder reactor: (from the article "nuclear reactor") ...higher temperature. This higher temperature fluid is then directed to conventional thermodynamic components where the heat is converted into electrical power. In most light-water, heavy-water, and gas-cooled power reactors, the ...
gas-diffusion electrode: (from the article "fuel cell") ...Francis Thomas Bacon and his coworkers at the University of Cambridge worked on creating practical hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte. Research resulted in the invention of gas-diffusion electrodes ...
gas-driven transducer: (from the article "ultrasonics") ...type of energy into an ultrasonic vibration. There are several basic types, classified by the energy source and by the medium into which the waves are being generated. Mechanical devices ...
gas-filled converter: (from the article "thermionic power converter") These devices are designed so that positively charged ions are continuously generated and mixed with negatively charged electrons in the space between the emitter and the collector to provide a ...
gas-filled detector: (from the article "radiation measurement") The passage of a charged particle through a gas results in the transfer of energy from the particle to electrons that are part of the normal atomic structure of the ...
gas-liquid chromatography: (from the article "Separations based on phase equilibria") ...mobile phase followed by the state of the stationary phase. Gas chromatography employing a gaseous fluid as the mobile phase, called the carrier gas, is subdivided into gas-solid chromatography and ...
gas-phase polymerization: (from the article "industrial polymers, chemistry of") This method is used with gaseous monomers such as ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and vinyl chloride. The monomer is introduced under pressure into a reaction vessel containing a polymerization initiator. Once polymerization ...
gas-solid chromatography: (from the article "separation and purification") In addition to chromatography, gas-solid distribution is also widely employed for purification, using special adsorbents called molecular sieves. These materials contain pores of approximately the same dimensions as small molecules. ...
gas-to-liquid: (from the article "Qatar") Qatar's energy industry, especially its liquefied natural gas (LNG) and gas-to-liquids (GTL) sectors, continued its phenomenal growth in 2006. Progress was also ongoing in the country's long-planned Dolphin Gas Project ...
gas-turbine engine: any internal-combustion engine employing a gas as the working fluid used to turn a turbine. The term also is conventionally used to describe a complete internal-combustion engine consisting of at ... [16 Related Articles]
Gascoigne, George: English poet and a major literary innovator. [3 Related Articles]
Gascon: (from the article "France") ...maintained control of the eastern region but had to cope with raids by the Bretons, who had established heavily populated settlements in the western part of the peninsula. To the ...
Gascon language: (from the article "Occitan language") ...changed from the speech of the Middle Ages, although they are being affected by their constant exposure to French. The major dialects are those of Limousin, Auvergnat, Provence, and Languedoc. ...
Gascon, Jean: Canadian actor and director, cofounder of the Theatre du Nouveau Monde (1951) and cofounder of the National Theatre School (1960).
Gascony: historical and cultural region encompassing the southwestern French departements of Landes, Gers, and Hautes-Pyrenees and parts of Pyrenees-Atlantiques, Lot-et-Garonne, Tarn-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne, and Ariege and coextensive with the historical region of ... [8 Related Articles]
Gascoyne River: ephemeral river of west-central Western Australia. It rises in the northeastern Robinson Ranges west of the Gibson Desert, flows generally westward for 475 miles (760 km) through gold-mining and sheep-raising ...
Gascoyne, David: English poet deeply influenced by the French Surrealist movement of the 1930s. [1 Related Articles]
gaseous cycle: (from the article "biogeochemical cycle") Biogeochemical cycles can be classed as gaseous, in which the reservoir is the air or the oceans (via evaporation), and sedimentary, in which the reservoir is the Earth's crust. Gaseous ...
gaseous diffusion: (from the article "nuclear reactor") There are several possible enrichment methods, but the only two that are used on a large scale are gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuging. In gaseous diffusion, natural uranium in the ...
Gash Pahar: (from the article "Jashpur Pats") ...pats are generally barren or covered with grasslands, and the slopes are forested with sal (Shorea), ebony, teak, and bamboo. Gash Pahar (3,241 feet ...
Gash River: river rising in southern Eritrea, near Asmara. After flowing southward, it turns west and forms the border between Eritrea (north) and Ethiopia (south) along its middle course. It then continues ... [1 Related Articles]
Gasherbrum I: (from the article "Messner, Reinhold") ...losing several toes to frostbite. In 1975 Messner and Habeler made their first Alpine-style ascent of an 8,000-metre mountain without supplemental oxygen when they climbed the northwestern face of Gasherbrum ...
gasification: (from the article "coal") ...hydrocarbons ratio near 2 and a gaseous hydrocarbons ratio near 4. For this reason, any process used to convert coal to alternative fuels must add hydrogen (either directly or in ...
gasifier: (from the article "coal utilization") The operating temperature of a gasifier usually dictates the nature of the ash-removal system. Operating temperatures below 1,000° C (1,800° F) allow dry ash removal, whereas temperatures between 1,000° and ...
Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn: English novelist, short-story writer, and first biographer of Charlotte Bronte. [1 Related Articles]
Gaskill, William: (from the article "Performing Arts") A slight rumpus ensued among the Royal Court old guard when it was announced that Tom Stoppard's new play, Rock 'n' Roll, would be directed by Trevor Nunn. Former artistic ...
gasohol: (from the article "ethyl alcohol") ...Ethyl alcohol is an important industrial chemical; it is used as a solvent, in the synthesis of other organic chemicals, and as an additive to automotive gasoline (forming a mixture ...
Gasol, Pau: (from the article "Basketball") ...Navarro and Jorge Garbajosa led Spain with 20 points each, and Mihalis Kakiouzis scored 17 points for Greece. The Spaniards' success came without the intimidating presence of 2.13-m (7-ft)-tall Pau ...
gasoline: mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived from petroleum and used as fuel for internal-combustion engines. It is also used as a solvent for oils and fats. Originally a by-product ... [22 Related Articles]
gasoline engine: any of a class of internal-combustion engines that generate power by burning a volatile liquid fuel (gasoline or a gasoline mixture such as ethanol) with ignition initiated by an electric ... [10 Related Articles]
gasoline-electric bus: (from the article "bus") Other early bus manufacturers were Mack and Yellow Truck & Coach in the United States, both of which built gasoline-electric models. In these buses a gasoline engine drove a direct-current ...
Gaspar a Myrica: (from the article "Mercator, Gerardus") ...in the Low Countries, who was also a physician and astronomer, Mercator mastered the essentials of mathematics, geography, and astronomy. Frisius and Mercator also frequented the workshop of Gaspar a ...
Gasparcolor: (from the article "animation") ...rhythms," created from shifting colour fields and patterns matched to music by classical composers. He became fascinated by colour photography and collaborated on a process called Gasparcolor, which, as utilized ...
Gaspari, Elio: (from the article "Literature") Poet and literary critic Antonio Carlos Secchin was admitted to the Brazilian Academy of Letters, which awarded its 2003 Essay Prize to Elio Gaspari for the first three volumes of ...
Gasparilla Pirate Fest: (from the article "Florida") ...Festival (Plant City; March), the Festival of States (St. Petersburg; March-April), the Arcadia Rodeo (Arcadia; March and July), and the Fiesta of Five Flags (Pensacola; May-June). The Gasparilla Pirate Fest, ...
Gasparini: (from the article "meringue") mixture of stiffly beaten egg whites and sugar that is used in confections and desserts. The invention of meringue in 1720 is attributed to a Swiss pastry cook named Gasparini. ...
Gasparovic, Ivan: (from the article "Slovakia") Area: 49,035 sq km (18,933 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 5,396,000 | Capital: Bratislava | Chief of state: President Ivan Gasparovic | Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Fico ...
Gasparri, Pietro: Italian cardinal who, by appointment of Pope St. Pius X, in 1904 directed the new Code of Canon Law, a systematic arrangement of ecclesiastical law now practiced by the Roman ... [2 Related Articles]
Gaspe: city, Gaspesie region, eastern Quebec province, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the York River, overlooking Gaspe Bay. The city's name derives either from the navigator Gaspar Corte-Real, who ...
Gaspe Current: outflow from the St. Lawrence River, which moves around the Gaspe Peninsula and along the southern shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It merges with a cold branch of ... [1 Related Articles]
Gaspe Peninsula: peninsula in eastern Quebec province, Canada. The peninsula extends east-northeastward for 150 miles (240 km) from the Matapedia River into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is situated between the ... [2 Related Articles]
Gaspe, Philippe Aubert de: author of the early French Canadian novel Les Anciens Canadiens (1863), which strongly influenced later regionalist writers in Canada. [1 Related Articles]
Gaspee, Burning of the: (June 10, 1772), in U.S. colonial history, act of open civil defiance of British authority when Rhode Islanders boarded and sank the revenue cutter Gaspee in Narragansett Bay. Headed by ... [2 Related Articles]
Gaspesian Provincial Park: park in eastern Quebec province, Canada. The park occupies 500 square miles (1,295 square km) on the Gaspe Peninsula, near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. It was established ...