| | - fat body
- (from the article "insect") ...for excretion. It contains free cells called hemocytes, most of which are phagocytes that help to protect the insect by devouring micro-organisms. An important tissue bathed by the hemolymph is ...
- Fat Man
- (from the article "von Neumann, John") ...beer. Adapting an idea proposed by James Tuck, von Neumann calculated that a "lens" of faster- and slower-burning chemical explosives could achieve the needed degree of symmetry. The Fat Man ...
- fat-tailed dunnart
- (from the article "marsupial mouse") They subsist on insects and small vertebrates, although the broad-footed marsupial mice (Antechinus species) are also known to eat nectar. The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) stores excess fat in its ...
- fat-tailed gerbil
- (from the article "gerbil") Nearly all gerbils have six upper and six lower cheek teeth, but the fat-tailed gerbil (Pachyuromys duprasi) of the Sahara Desert, which eats only insects, has six ...
- Fata Morgana
- (from the article "Fata Morgana") mirage that appeared periodically in the Strait of Messina between Italy and Sicily, named in Italian after the legendary enchantress Morgan le Fay (q.v.) of Arthurian romance.Morgan le Fay
- Fatah
- political and military organization of Arab Palestinians, founded in the late 1950s by Yasir 'Arafat and Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad) with the aim of wresting Palestine from Israeli control by ... [11 Related Articles]
- Fatah al-Islam
- (from the article "Lebanon") The Lebanese army successfully seized full control of the Nahr al-Bared Palestinian refugee camp on Sept. 2, 2007, after 105 days of fighting the extremist organization Fatah al-Islam. According to ...
- Fate
- in Greek and Roman mythology, any of three goddesses who determined human destinies, and in particular the span of a person's life and his allotment of misery and suffering. Homer ... [4 Related Articles]
- fate
- (from the article "providence") The belief in the existence of a blind and inexorable fate can lead to a conflict with the belief in a benevolent Providence. In the Greco-Roman world, where fatalistic belief ...
- fate map
- (from the article "animal development") ...regions of the early amphibian embryo-by the use of natural pigmentation or artificially introduced dyes-can be followed and their location in the adult recorded in diagrams called fate maps. The ...
- fate tragedy
- a type of play especially popular in early 19th-century Germany in which a malignant destiny drives the protagonist to commit a horrible crime, often unsuspectingly. Adolf Mullner's Der neunundzwanzigste Februar ...
- Fateh Singh
- (from the article "India") ...Gaekwads still remained partly dependent on Pune and the peshwa, especially to intervene in moments of succession crisis. The eventual successor of Damaji, Fateh Singh (ruled 1771-89), ...
- Fateh Singh, Sant
- Sikh religious leader who became the foremost campaigner for Sikh rights in post-independence India. [1 Related Articles]
- Fatehgarh
- (from the article "Farrukhabad-cum-Fatehgarh") ...just west of the Ganges River. The two cities form a joint municipality. Farrukhabad was founded in 1714 by Muhammad Khan Bangash, an independent local Mughal governor. Fatehgarh was founded ...
- Fatehpur
- town, southern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies southeast of Kanpur, on a major road and rail line to Allahabad. Fatehpur was founded by Pashtuns (Pathans) in the 15th ...
- Fatehpur Sikri
- town, southwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. The town, lying about 23 miles (37 km) west of Agra, was founded in 1569 by the great Mughal emperor Akbar. In that ... [4 Related Articles]
- Fatemi, Hosayn
- Iranian politician who supported Mohammad Mosaddeq in his power struggle with Iran's monarch, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
- Fath
- (from the article "Dubayy") In 1966 the offshore oil field of Fath (Fateh) was discovered in the Persian Gulf about 75 miles (120 km) due east of Dubai, in waters where the state had ...
- Fath 'Ali Shah
- shah of Persia (1797-1834) whose reign coincided with rivalry among France, Great Britain, and Russia over eastern affairs. [3 Related Articles]
- Fath Allah 'Imad-al-Mulk
- (from the article "India") ...sultan, whom he forced to recognize his conquests, and in 1490 he assumed a practical independence and established his capital at Ahmadnagar. Yusuf 'Adil Khan of Bijapur and Fath Allah ...
- Fath Khan Barakzay
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...helping Mahmud, governor of Herat and a brother of Zaman, with men and money and encouraging him to advance on Kandahar. Mahmud, assisted by his vizier, Fath Khan Barakzay, eldest ...
- fathead minnow
- (from the article "minnow") ...they are cultured for this purpose. One good bait species is the bluntnose minnow (P. notatus), an olive-coloured species up to 10 cm (4 inches) long. Others include the 6-centimetre ...
- father
- (from the article "Exclusions of paternity on the ABO system") Although blood group studies cannot be used to prove paternity, they can provide unequivocal evidence that a male is not the father of a particular child. Since the red cell ...
- Father's Day
- in the United States, holiday (third Sunday in June) to honour fathers. Credit for originating the holiday is generally given to Sonora Smart Dodd of Spokane, Washington, whose father, a ... [1 Related Articles]
- father-god
- (from the article "Celtic religion") The goddess is the Celtic reflex of the primordial mother who creates life and fruitfulness through her union with the universal father-god. Welsh and Irish tradition preserve many variations on ...
- Fatherland Committee
- (from the article "Drees, Willem") ...When the Germans occupied his country during World War II, Drees was imprisoned for trying to organize resistance. Released in 1941, he rejoined the resistance movement and presided over the ...
- Fatherland Front
- (from the article "Austria") ...Dollfuss and the Heimwehr were victorious. The Social Democratic Party was declared illegal and driven underground. In the course of the same year, all political parties were abolished except the ...
- Fatherland Party
- (from the article "Germany") William II felt compelled to promise an eventual end to the restrictive Prussian franchise in his Easter message of 1917. Shortly thereafter the Fatherland Party was established with enormous support ...
- Fathers 4 Justice
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...the third security lapse of the year. On May 19 a bag of purple-coloured flour had been hurled at the prime minister from the VIP gallery. The protest, by a ...
- fathom
- old English measure of length, now standardized at 6 feet (1.83 metre), which has long been used as a nautical unit of depth. The longest of many units derived from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fathometer
- (from the article "Fathometer") trade name for a type of sonic depth finder (q.v.).
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- Fathy, Hassan
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...the Iraqis Rifat Chaderji and Muhammad Makkiya, the Jordanian Rassem Badran, or the Bangladeshi Mazhar ul-Islam. Finally, a unique message was being transmitted by the visionary Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy, ...
- Fatialofa, Peter
- On July 31, 1993, Western Samoa played an official rugby union international match against New Zealand. The contest, at Eden Park in Auckland, was the culmination of the gradual rise ...
- fatigue
- in engineering, manifestation of progressive fracture in a solid under cyclic loading as in the case of a metal strip that ruptures after repeated bending back and forth. Fatigue fracture ... [5 Related Articles]
- fatigue
- specific form of human inadequacy in which the individual experiences an aversion to exertion and feels unable to carry on. Such feelings may be generated by muscular effort; exhaustion of ... [7 Related Articles]
- Fatih kulliye
- (from the article "Islamic arts") The apogee of Ottoman architecture was achieved in the great series of kulliyes and mosques that still dominate the Istanbul skyline: the Fatih kulliye (1463-70), the Bayezid Mosque (after 1491), ...
- Fatih Sultan Mehmed
- (from the article "Bosporus") ...built across the strait. The first, the Bogazici (Bosporus I) Bridge, was completed in 1973 and has a main span of 3,524 feet (1,074 m; see photograph). The second bridge, ...
- fatihah
- the "opening" or first chapter (surah) of the Muslim book of divine revelation, the Qur'an; in tone and usage it has often been likened to the Christian Lord's Prayer. In ... [3 Related Articles]
- Fatima
- village and sanctuary, central Portugal; it is located on the tableland of Cova da Iria, 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Leiria. Fatima was named for a 12th-century Moorish princess ... [2 Related Articles]
- Fatimah
- daughter of Muhammad (the founder of Islam) who in later centuries became the object of deep veneration by many Muslims, especially the Shi'ites. Muhammad had other sons and daughters, but ... [4 Related Articles]
- Fatimid Dynasty
- political and religious dynasty that dominated an empire in North Africa and subsequently in the Middle East from AD 909 to 1171 and tried unsuccessfully to oust the 'Abbasid caliphs ... [31 Related Articles]
- Fatou set
- (from the article "Julia, Gaston Maurice") ...Julia drew attention to a crucial distinction between points that tend to a limiting position as the iteration proceeds and those that never settle down. The former are now said ...
- Fatou, Pierre
- (from the article "Julia, Gaston Maurice") ...5x2 + 7) that won the Grand Prix from the French Academy of Sciences in 1918. Together with a similar memoir by French mathematician Pierre Fatou, this created the foundations of the ...
- fatsia
- (Fatsia japonica), evergreen shrub or small tree, in the ginseng family (Araliaceae), native to Japan but widely grown indoors for its striking foliage and easy care. In nature it can ...
- Fattahi
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...rulers' interest in art. Allegorical masnavis were much in vogue, such as the Shabestan-e khayal ("Bedchamber of Fantasy") by the prolific writer Fattahi of Nishapur (died 1448) and Guy o-chowgan ...
- Fattori, Giovanni
- (from the article "Macchiaioli") During a period of 20 years, the Macchiaioli produced startlingly fresh and vivid paintings. The most outstanding artist of the group was the Florentine Giovanni Fattori (1825-1908), who attained brilliant ...
- Fattorini, Gabriele
- (from the article "concerto") ...adopting alternative scorings that the composer might provide or by improvising other dispositions to suit the immediate place and occasion. There is a clear instance of expanding the scoring in ...
- Fattouh, Rauhi
- (from the article "Israel") ...Arabs and 246,000 Jews; Gaza Strip 1,481,000, including 1,481,000 Arabs and no Jews (as of late August 2005) | Principal administrative centres: Ram Allah and Gaza | Head of government: ...
- fatty acid
- important component of lipids (fat-soluble components of living cells) in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Generally, a fatty acid consists of a straight chain of an even number of carbon atoms, ... [27 Related Articles]
- fatty acid mobilization
- (from the article "lipid") In times of stress when the body requires energy, fatty acids are released from adipose cells and mobilized for use (as shown in the figure). The process begins when levels ...
- fatty acid oxidation disorder
- (from the article "metabolic disease") ...of liver cells and requires a carrier molecule, carnitine, which is synthesized in the body and is also obtained from the dietary intake of animal products such as meat, milk, ...
- fatty acyl coenzyme A
- (from the article "metabolism") ...in one of two main ways. In higher organisms, enzymes in the cytoplasm called thiokinases catalyze the linkage of fatty acids with CoA&singlehorzbond;SH to form a compound that can be ...
- fatty acyl phosphate
- (from the article "metabolism") ...Defects in this enzyme or in the carnitine carrier are inborn errors of metabolism. In obligate anaerobic bacteria the linkage of fatty acids to coenzyme A may require the formation ...
- fatty alcohol
- (from the article "soap and detergent") ...soaps and detergents must have certain chemical structures: their molecules must contain a hydrophobic (water-insoluble) part, such as a fatty acid or a rather long chain carbon group, such as ...
- fatty liver
- (from the article "alcoholism") ...but also poor self-care by alcoholics. For example, in Hungary 52 percent of suicide victims have been found to have a fatty liver (a symptom of chronic alcohol intoxication). In ...
- fatty pad
- (from the article "joint") ...fluid. The villi become more abundant in middle and old age. The fatty parts of the subintima may be quite thin, but in all joints there are places where they ...
- fatwa
- (from the article "Saudi Arabia") In late September Saudi Arabia's grand mufti, Sheikh 'Abd al-Aziz al-Sheikh, issued a fatwa (religious edict) prohibiting Saudi youth from traveling abroad under the pretext of jihad. Although he did ...
- Faubourg Saint Antoine, rue de
- (from the article "Paris") The neighbourhood between the Bastille and the Place de la Nation, eastward along the rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, has been one of skilled craftsmen since the mid-15th century, when the ...
- Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Battle of the
- (from the article "Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orleans, Duchess de") ...launched against the royal government, she took command of the troops that occupied Orleans on March 27, 1652, against token opposition. She saved Conde's army from annihilation in the Battle ...
- Faubourg Saint-Honore, rue de
- (from the article "Paris") ...columns approximately 65 feet (20 metres) high. Its design, supposedly that of a Greek temple, is actually closer to the Roman notion of Greek architecture. To the west off the ...
- Faubourg Sainte Marie
- (from the article "New Orleans") ...was the Faubourg Sainte Marie, a suburb lying on the uptown side of the Vieux Carre and separated from it by a broad "commons" (now Canal Street, New Orleans's main ...
- Faubus, Orval Eugene
- U.S. politician (b. Jan. 7, 1910, Greasy Creek, Ark.--d. Dec. 14, 1994, Conway, Ark.), as governor (1954-67) of Arkansas, defied a 1957 federal court order to desegregate schools and called ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fauchard, Pierre
- (from the article "dentistry") By the 1700s in France, a number of surgeons were restricting their practice to dentistry, and in 1728 a leading Parisian surgeon, Pierre Fauchard, gathered together all that was then ...
- Faucher, Paul
- (from the article "children's literature") ...as author and artist, in 1931 he gave the world that enlightened monarch Babar the Elephant, one of the dozen or so immortal characters in children's literature. The next year ...
- faucial diphtheria
- (from the article "diphtheria") ...primary lesion. The membrane appears inside the nostrils in anterior nasal diphtheria; almost no toxin is absorbed from this site, so there is little danger to life, and complications are ...
- faujasite
- hydrated sodium and calcium aluminosilicate mineral that is a rare member of the zeolite family. Faujasite somewhat resembles chabazite in chemical composition, crystal structure, and distribution. Isolated specimens of the ...
- Faulhaber, Michael von
- German cardinal and archbishop of Munich who became a prominent opponent of the Nazis.
- Faulkner, William
- American novelist and short-story writer who was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature. [9 Related Articles]
- fault
- in geology, a planar or gently curved fracture in the rocks of the Earth's crust, where compressional or tensional forces cause relative displacement of the rocks on the opposite sides ... [16 Related Articles]
- fault
- (from the article "handball") ...game, the rebounding ball must land on the floor back of the short line, either before or after striking one of the sidewalls. If it does not cross this line, ...
- fault
- (from the article "tort") Liability without fault
- fault breccia
- (from the article "fault") ...them with striations called slickensides, or it may crush them to a fine-grained, claylike substance known as fault gouge; when the crushed rock is relatively coarse-grained, it is referred to ...
- fault gouge
- (from the article "fault") Fault slip may polish smooth the walls of the fault plane, marking them with striations called slickensides, or it may crush them to a fine-grained, claylike substance known as fault ...
- fault plane
- (from the article "fault") Faults may be vertical, horizontal, or inclined at any angle. Although the angle of inclination of a specific fault plane tends to be relatively uniform, it may differ considerably along ...
- fault trap
- (from the article "petroleum") Another kind of structural trap is the fault trap. Here, rock fracture results in a relative displacement of strata that forms a barrier to petroleum migration. A barrier can occur ...
- Faun, House of the
- (from the article "Pompeii") The most luxurious houses were built during the second Samnite period (200-80 BC), when increased trade and cultural contacts resulted in the introduction of Hellenistic refinements. The House of the ...
- Fauna
- in ancient Roman religion, a goddess of the fertility of woodlands, fields, and flocks; she was the counterpart-variously considered the wife, sister, or daughter-of Faunus (q.v.).
- faunal region
- any of six or seven areas of the world defined by animal geographers on the basis of their distinctive animal life. These regions differ only slightly from the floristic regions ... [14 Related Articles]
- faunal succession, law of
- observation that assemblages of fossil plants and animals follow or succeed each other in time in a predictable manner. Sequences of successive strata and their corresponding enclosed faunas have been ... [3 Related Articles]
- faunichron
- (from the article "faunizone") ...It differs from a biozone because it is based on a fossil assemblage rather than a particular genus or species (compare biozone). The corresponding unit of geologic time is called ...
- faunizone
- stratigraphic unit that is distinguished by the presence of a particular fauna of some time or environmental significance. It differs from a biozone because it is based on a fossil ...
- Faunus
- ancient Italian rural deity whose attributes in Classical Roman times were identified with those of the Greek god Pan. Faunus was originally worshipped throughout the countryside as a bestower of ...
- Faure, Camille
- (from the article "automobile") Invention of the storage battery by Gaston Plante of France in 1859-60 and its improvement by Camille Faure in 1881 made the electric vehicle possible, and what was probably the ...
- Faure, Edgar
- French lawyer and politician, premier (1952, 1955-56), and a prominent Gaullist during the Fifth Republic.
- Faure, Felix
- sixth president of the French Third Republic, whose presidency (Jan. 15, 1895 to Feb. 16, 1899) was marked by diplomatic conflicts with England, rapprochement with Russia, and the continuing problem ...
- Faure, Gabriel
- composer whose refined and gentle music influenced the course of modern French music. [4 Related Articles]
- Fauresmith industry
- a sub-Saharan African stone-tool industry dating from the early part of the upper Pleistocene, about 75,000 to 100,000 years ago. The Fauresmith industry is largely contemporaneous with the Sangoan industry ... [2 Related Articles]
- Fauriel, Claude
- French scholar and writer who, through his interest in foreign literatures and cultures, contributed to the development of the study of comparative literature and to the revival of literary-historical studies.
- Fauro
- (from the article "Shortland Islands") ...Ocean, just southeast of Bougainville Island, P.N.G. The group's two largest islands are Shortland (or Alu), which has an area of 10 by 8 miles (16 by 13 km) and ...
- Fauset, Jessie Redmon
- African American novelist, critic, poet, and editor known for her discovery and encouragement of several writers of the Harlem Renaissance. [2 Related Articles]
- Faust
- hero of one of the most durable legends in Western folklore and literature, the story of a German necromancer or astrologer who sells his soul to the devil in exchange ... [8 Related Articles]
- Faust, Drew Gilpin
- American educator and historian who became the first female president of Harvard University, in 2007. [2 Related Articles]
- Faustina the Elder
- (from the article "Western sculpture") Of the state reliefs of this epoch, the earliest are on the base (in the Vatican) of a lost column set up in honour of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the ...
- Faustina, Annia Galeria
- cousin and wife of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius (ruled 161-180) and his companion on several of his military campaigns. [1 Related Articles]
- Faustulus
- (from the article "Romulus and Remus") ...Ficus ruminalis, a sacred fig tree of historical times. There a she-wolf and a woodpecker-both sacred to Mars-suckled and fed them until they were found by the herdsman Faustulus.
- Faustus of Riez, Saint
- bishop of Riez, Fr., who was one of the chief exponents and defenders of Semi-Pelagianism (q.v.). [1 Related Articles]
- Fauvet, Jacques-Jules-Pierre-Constant
- French journalist (b. June 9, 1914, Paris, France-d. June 1, 2002, Paris), was a driving force at Le Monde, one of France's most influential and respected daily newspapers, for more ...
- Fauvism
- style of painting that flourished in France around the turn of the 20th century. Fauve artists used pure, brilliant colour aggressively applied straight from the paint tubes to create a ... [10 Related Articles]
- fauxbourdon
- musical texture prevalent during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, produced by three voices proceeding primarily in parallel motion in intervals corresponding to the first inversion of the triad. ... [5 Related Articles]
- Fauzi Bowo
- (from the article "Indonesia") Jakarta's gubernatorial election, held in August 2007, was won by the incumbent deputy governor, Fauzi Bowo. Although Fauzi's victory was predictable, several aspects of the election were surprising. Despite Jakarta's ...
- Favaloro, Rene Geronimo
- Argentine heart surgeon (b. July 14, 1923, La Plata, Arg.-d. July 29, 2000, Buenos Aires, Arg.), performed the first documented coronary bypass operation and was the first surgeon to perform ...
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