| | - foliation
- (from the article "Novikov, Sergey Petrovich") Novikov was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice, France, in 1970. One of his most impressive contributions in the field of topology was his ...
- folic acid
- water-soluble vitamin of the B complex that is essential in animals and plants for the synthesis of nucleic acids. Folic acid was isolated from liver cells in 1943. [10 Related Articles]
- folic acid deficiency anemia
- type of anemia resulting from a deficient intake of the vitamin folic acid (folate). Folic acid, a B vitamin, is needed for the formation of heme, the pigmented, iron-containing portion ... [2 Related Articles]
- Folies-Bergere
- Parisian music hall and variety-entertainment theatre that is one of the major tourist attractions of France. Following its opening in a new theatre on May 1, 1869, the Folies became ... [1 Related Articles]
- Foligno
- town, Umbria regione, central Italy. It lies along the Topino River, southeast of Perugia. Originally an Umbrian settlement, the present site is that of the Roman town of Fulginium and ...
- foliose thallus
- (from the article "lichen") ...rhizines. Lichens that form a crustlike covering that is thin and tightly bound to the substrate are termed crustose. Squamulose lichens are small and leafy with loose attachments to the ...
- Foliot, Gilbert
- (from the article "Becket, Saint Thomas") ...Northampton (Oct. 6-13, 1164), it was clear that Henry intended to ruin and imprison or to force the resignation of the Archbishop. In this he was encouraged by some of ...
- folium
- (from the article "nervous system, human") ...the massive growth of the cerebral hemispheres over the sides of the midbrain and of the cerebellum at the hindbrain; and the formations of convolutions (sulci and gyri) in the ...
- folk art
- predominantly functional or utilitarian visual art created by hand (or with limited mechanical facilities) for use by the maker or a small circumscribed group and containing an element of retention-the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Folk Art, Museum of
- (from the article "Mexico") Among Mexico's internationally acclaimed museums are the Museum of Folk Art, the immense National Museum of Anthropology, and its offshoot the National Museum of History. In suburban Mexico City is ...
- folk ballad
- (from the article "Child, Francis J") American scholar and educator important for his systematic study, collecting, and cataloging of folk ballads.descriptionballadTypes of balladryThe traditional folk ballad, ...
- folk dance
- generally, a type of dance that is a vernacular, usually recreational, expression of a past or present culture. The term folk dance was accepted until the mid-20th ... [16 Related Articles]
- folk etymology
- (from the article "toponymy") ...of place-names have usually occurred with more important place-names or with large features. Many of the names of the seas of the world, for example, have been translated from different ...
- folk football
- (from the article "football") The folk football games of the 14th and 15th centuries, which were usually played at Shrovetide or Easter, may have had their origins in pagan fertility rites celebrating the return ...
- folk high school
- type of residential school for adults that is standard in Scandinavian countries and has also been adopted elsewhere in Europe. The concept of the folk high school was originated in ... [2 Related Articles]
- folk literature
- the lore (traditional knowledge and beliefs) of cultures having no written language. It is transmitted by word of mouth and consists, as does written literature, of both prose and verse ... [23 Related Articles]
- folk medicine
- (from the article "Central Asian arts") Rituals for curing the sick, guiding the soul of the dead to the netherworld, invoking a deity, or visiting the heavens are performed by the shaman in a state of ...
- folk music
- type of traditional and generally rural music that originally was passed down through families and other small social groups. Typically, folk music, like folk literature, lives in oral tradition; it ... [47 Related Articles]
- folk psychology
- (from the article "Lazarus, Moritz") ...historical or comparative standpoint, analyzing the elements that constitute the fabric of society, with its customs, its conventions, and the main tendencies of its evolution. To further this Volkerpsychologie (German: ...
- folk religion
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...was quite different from the New Year ceremonies. Most commonly, offerings of thanks were made to local deities in rites that were only externally Buddhist. The same interplay between Buddhism ...
- folk rock
- hybrid musical style that emerged in the United States and Britain in the mid-1960s. [14 Related Articles]
- Folk Shinto
- (from the article "Shinto") ...sects that originated in Japan around the 19th century and of several others that emerged after World War II. Each sect was organized into a religious body by either a ...
- folk society
- an ideal type or concept of society that is completely cohesive-morally, religiously, politically, and socially-because of the small numbers and isolated state of the people, because of the relatively unmediated ...
- folk song
- (from the article "rhythm") ...and Stravinsky, in Le Sacre du printemps, use 11 as a unit. Ravel's piano trio opens with a signature of 88 with the internal organization 3 + 2 + 3. ...
- folk tale
- (from the article "folk literature") The oral fictional tale, from whatever ultimate origin, is practically universal both in time and place. Certain peoples tell very simple stories and others tales of great complexity, but the ...
- folk taoism
- (from the article "Daoism") Both the nuclear communities and the "Daocratic" realm as a whole were bound together by a ritual cycle, of which only fragmentary indications remain. Among the most important ceremonial occasions ...
- folk theatre
- (from the article "folk literature") Belonging only remotely to oral literature is folk drama. Dances, many of them elaborate, with masks portraying animal or human characters, and sometimes containing speeches or songs, are to be ...
- folk theorem
- (from the article "Aumann, Robert J.") ...game even when the parties have strong short-term conflicting interests. Thus, cooperation is not necessarily dependent on goodwill or an outside arbiter. Aumann named this observation the "folk theorem."
- Folkers, Karl August
- American chemist whose research on vitamins resulted in the isolation of vitamin B12, the only effective agent known in countering pernicious anemia.
- Folkestone
- town, Shepway district, administrative and historic county of Kent, England. Once a "limb" of the Cinque Port of Dover (7 mi [11 km] east), Folkestone shared that town's privileges and ...
- Folketing
- (from the article "Faroe Islands") ...Parliament (Lagting) has 32 elected members, who in turn elect an executive body (Landsstyre) headed by a chairman. Foreign policy, defense, and the monetary and judicial systems are overseen by ...
- folklore
- in modern usage, an academic discipline the subject matter of which (also called folklore) comprises the sum total of traditionally derived and orally or imitatively transmitted literature, material culture, and ... [8 Related Articles]
- Folkman, (Moses) Judah
- American surgeon and medical researcher spent four decades investigating the relationship between the growth of malignant tumours and angiogenesis (the process of blood vessel development); by 1998 he had developed ... [1 Related Articles]
- folkright
- (from the article "Anglo-Saxon law") The Anglo-Saxon legal system rested on the fundamental opposition between folkright and privilege. Folkright is the aggregate of rules, whether formulated or not, that can be appealed to as an ...
- Folkung dynasty
- (from the article "Sweden") ...appointed jarl in 1248 by the last member of the family of St. Erik, Erik Eriksson, to whose sister he was married. Birger's eldest son, Valdemar, was ...
- Folkvangar
- (from the article "Freyja") ...and she rode a boar with golden bristles. A chariot drawn by cats was another of her vehicles. It was Freyja's privilege to choose one-half of the heroes slain in ...
- folkway
- the learned behaviour, shared by a social group, that provides a traditional mode of conduct. According to the American sociologist William Graham Sumner, who coined the term, folkways are social ...
- Follen, Adolf Ludwig
- German political and Romantic poet, an important founder and leader of radical student groups in the early 19th century.
- Follen, Karl
- educator who was Harvard University's first professor of German language and literature. He also was instrumental in establishing the first U.S. college gymnasium.
- Follett, Mary Parker
- American author and sociologist who was a pioneer in the study of interpersonal relations and personnel management.
- follicle
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") The thyroid gland consists of many small globular sacs called follicles. The follicles are lined with follicular cells and filled with a fluid known as colloid that contains the prohormone ...
- follicle
- (from the article "Classification of fruits") ...if the pericarp splits open at maturity and releases the seeds, or indehiscent if the pericarp remains intact when the fruit is shed from the plant. The three principal types ...
- follicle-stimulating hormone
- one of two gonadotropic hormones (i.e., hormones concerned with the regulation of the activity of the gonads, or sex glands) produced by the pituitary gland. FSH, a glycoprotein operating in ... [12 Related Articles]
- follicular cell
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") The thyroid gland consists of many small globular sacs called follicles. The follicles are lined with follicular cells and filled with a fluid known as colloid that contains the prohormone ...
- follicular epithelium
- (from the article "reproductive system, animal") The follicular epithelium originates as a few flattened cells derived from the germinal epithelium. Primary follicles are usually situated just under the tunica albuginea; secondary follicles lie deeper in the ...
- follicular stage
- (from the article "menstruation") ...of the proliferative phase, the endometrium is thin, with short, straight glands, and the ovary is quiescent. Under the influence of the gonadotropic hormones from the pituitary gland an ovarian ...
- follis
- (from the article "ball") ...sewn together and filled with various materials. The smallest, the harpastum, was a hard ball stuffed with feathers. The largest, the follis, contained an ...
- follow-on forces attack
- (from the article "nuclear strategy") ...maneuver and the need to see the battlefield in the round, taking advantage of emerging military technologies to synchronize operations and direct fire with greater accuracy. The strategy of "follow-on ...
- folly
- (from French folie, "foolishness"), also called Eyecatcher, in architecture, a costly, generally nonfunctional building that was erected to enhance a natural landscape. Follies first gained popularity in England, and ...
- Folquet De Marseille
- Provencal troubadour and cleric. [1 Related Articles]
- Folsom
- (from the article "Folsom complex") ...BC. Folsom people were generalized hunters and gatherers, although they also hunted a now-extinct form of giant bison (Bison antiquus). Much of the importance of the Folsom ...
- Folsom complex
- an early archaeological complex of North America, characterized by a distinct leaf-shaped projectile point called a Folsom point. The Folsom complex of artifacts, which also includes a variety of scrapers, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Folsom point
- (from the article "Folsom complex") an early archaeological complex of North America, characterized by a distinct leaf-shaped projectile point called a Folsom point. The Folsom complex of artifacts, which also includes a variety of scrapers, ...
- Foltinowicz, Adelaide
- (from the article "Dowson, Ernest") ...Dowson became an active member of the Rhymers' Club, a group of writers that included William Butler Yeats and Arthur Symons. In 1891 he met the woman who would inspire ...
- Foltz, Clara Shortridge
- lawyer and reformer who, after helping open the California bar to women, became a pioneering force for women in the profession and a major influence in reforming the state's criminal ... [1 Related Articles]
- Folz, Hans
- (from the article "Fastnachtsspiel") Hans Rosenplut of Nurnberg and his younger contemporary, the barber Hans Folz of Worms, who also settled in Nurnberg, were the most notable Fastnachtsspiele playwrights in the ...
- Fomalhaut
- the 17th star (excluding the Sun) in order of apparent brightness. It is used in navigation because of its conspicuous place in a sky region otherwise lacking in bright stars. ...
- fomite
- (from the article "infectious disease") ...can be conveyed to the second child. Many such objects-a handkerchief or a towel, for example-may convey infection under favourable conditions, and, when they do so, they are known as ...
- Fon
- (from the article "Fon") people living in the south of Benin (called Dahomey until 1975) and adjacent parts of Togo. Their language, also called Fon, is closely related to Ewe and is a member ...
- Fon
- people living in the south of Benin (called Dahomey until 1975) and adjacent parts of Togo. Their language, also called Fon, is closely related to Ewe and is a member ... [5 Related Articles]
- Fond du Lac
- city, seat (1844) of Fond du Lac county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Fond du Lac River, at the southern end of Lake Winnebago, about 55 miles (90 ...
- Fonda, Henry
- American stage and motion-picture actor who appeared in more than 90 films over six decades and created quintessentially American heroes. [1 Related Articles]
- Fonda, Jane
- American motion-picture actress who was also noted for her political activism. [5 Related Articles]
- Fondaco dei Tedeschi
- (from the article "Titian") ...also of his association as a young man with another follower of the elderly Giovanni Bellini, namely, Giorgione of Castelfranco (1477-1510). Their collaboration in 1508 on the frescoes of the ...
- fondant
- confection of sugar, syrup, and water, and sometimes milk, cream, or butter, that is cooked and beaten so as to render the sugar crystals imperceptible to the tongue. The candy ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fondi
- town, Lazio (Latium) regione, south-central Italy. It lies along the Appian Way at the foot of the Aurunci Mountains, northeast of Fondi Lake and 56 miles (90 km) southeast of ...
- fondue neuchateloise
- Swiss national dish of melted Emmentaler and Gruyere cheeses. In its preparation, white wine is heated in a heavy casserole, called a caquelon, that has been rubbed with garlic. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fongafale
- (from the article "Tuvalu") ...Pacific Ocean. It is composed of nine small coral islands scattered in a chain lying approximately northwest to southeast over a distance of some 420 miles (676 kilometres). The capital ...
- Fono
- (from the article "American Samoa") American Samoa has a bicameral legislature, called the Fono, which meets for two sessions each year. It is autonomous in its disposition of local revenues and is the sole lawmaking ...
- Fonseca Amador, Carlos
- (from the article "Sandinista") Named for Cesar Augusto Sandino, a hero of Nicaraguan resistance to U.S. military occupation (1927-33), the FSLN was founded in 1962 by Carlos Fonseca Amador, Silvio Mayorga, and Tomas Borge ...
- Fonseca, Colegio de
- (from the article "Salamanca") ...effects. To the south of the new cathedral stand the Neoclassical Colegio de Anaya (1760-68), designed by Jose Mamerto Hermosilla, and the only remaining old residential college, the Colegio de ...
- Fonseca, Gonzalo
- Uruguayan-born artist whose stone sculptures reflected architectural and archaeological influences; after leaving his homeland, he settled in Paris and then lived alternately in Italy and in the U.S. (b. July ...
- Fonseca, Gulf of
- sheltered inlet of the Pacific Ocean, bounded northwest by El Salvador, northeast by Honduras, and southeast by Nicaragua. Discovered in 1522, it reaches inland for approximately 40 miles (65 km) ...
- Fonseca, Manuel da
- Portuguese novelist and poet who wrote realistic works about his homeland, the agricultural province of Alentejo.
- Fonseca, Manuel Deodoro da
- nominal leader of the coup that toppled Emperor Pedro II. He became the first president of the Brazilian republic. [1 Related Articles]
- Fonseca, Pedro de
- (from the article "Aristotelianism") ...ensured that higher education remained generally within an Aristotelian framework. Remarkable work was produced by Scholastics in the fields of commentaries and of detailed interpretation; Pedro de Fonseca, the "Portuguese ...
- Fonseca, Rubem
- (from the article "Brazilian literature") ...(1982; "Joao Gilberto's Concert in Rio de Janeiro"), all executed with sardonic humour, focus upon innovative art, sociopolitical criticism, and marginalized individuals; and Rubem Fonseca, whose incisively graphic crime narratives-from ...
- font
- (from the article "computerized typesetting") The computer must be programmed carefully for optimal word spacing and correct hyphenation. Older typesetters have a photounit with an optical type font carried as a negative image or image ...
- font wars
- (from the article "Adobe Systems Incorporated") Adobe made its initial public stock offering in 1986. Although revenues grew to $168.7 million by 1990, Adobe's relations with Apple deteriorated in the late 1980s over PostScript licensing fees, ...
- Font-de-Gaume
- cave near Les Eyzies, in Dordogne, France, known for its lavish prehistoric wall paintings.
- Fontainas, Andre
- (from the article "art criticism") ...In a still telling, definitive essay on Gauguin (1891), Aurier supported the artist's Symbolism, primitivism, and "emotivity." In a similar appreciative spirit, the French critic Andre Fontainas praised Gauguin for ...
- Fontaine, Hippolyte
- French engineer who discovered that a dynamo can be operated in reverse as an electric motor; he was also the first to transmit electric energy (1873).
- Fontaine, Jardin de la
- (from the article "Nimes") Near the Tour Magne is a reservoir from which the water carried by the great Roman aqueduct, the Pont du Gard, was distributed throughout the town. The pleasant Jardin de ...
- Fontaine, Joan
- (from the article "1941: Best Actress") Other Nominees
- Fontainebleau
- town, northern France, in the Seine-et-Marne departement, Ile-de-France region, 40 miles (65 km) south-southeast of Paris by road, situated in the forest of Fontainebleau, 2 miles from ... [2 Related Articles]
- Fontainebleau chateau
- (from the article "Fontainebleau") ...in the Seine-et-Marne departement, Ile-de-France region, 40 miles (65 km) south-southeast of Paris by road, situated in the forest of Fontainebleau, 2 miles from the left bank ...
- Fontainebleau Memorandum
- (from the article "international relations") ...allies among the new states in eastern Europe. Not surprisingly, many British observers came to consider France the primary threat to dominate the Continent. In late March Lloyd George's eloquent ...
- Fontainebleau, school of
- the vast number of artists, both foreign and French, whose works are associated with the court of Francis I at Fontainebleau during the last two-thirds of the 16th century. There ... [5 Related Articles]
- Fontainebleau, Treaty of
- (from the article "Bourbon, House of") In 1733 the Treaty of the Escorial pledged the French and the Spanish Bourbons to collaborate with each other notwithstanding any previous obligations. This treaty and the similarly conceived Treaty ...
- Fontana
- city, San Bernardino county, southwestern California, U.S. Lying just west of the city of San Bernardino, the site was once part of the Rancho San Bernardino land grant (1813). The ...
- Fontana, Carlo
- Italian architect, engineer, and publisher whose prolific studio produced widely imitated designs for fountains, palaces, tombs, and altars, as well as the curved facade on the S. Marcello al Corso ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fontana, D. J.
- (from the article "Presley, Elvis") ...for his recordings, his live appearances in regional roadhouses and clubs, and his radio performances on the nationally aired Louisiana Hayride. (A key musical change came when drummer D.J. Fontana ...
- Fontana, Domenico
- Italian architect who worked on St. Peter's Basilica and other famous buildings of Rome and Naples. [4 Related Articles]
- Fontana, Franco
- (from the article "photography, history of") ...in which he photographed desert scenes in colour, sometimes juxtaposed against sinister elements such as nuclear sites. Barbara Norfleet, Joel Meyerowitz, Stephen Shore, Barbara Kasten, and Franco Fontana were among ...
- Fontana, Lavinia
- Italian painter of the Mannerist school, one of the first women to execute large, publicly commissioned figure paintings.
- Fontana, Lucio
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") Venerated artists Eva Hesse, Frida Kahlo, and Lucio Fontana achieved new personal records in 2006. Hesse's painted relief An Ear in a Pond (1965) reached $2.26 million, while Fontana's stunning ...
- Fontane, Theodor
- writer who is considered the first master of modern realistic fiction in Germany. [3 Related Articles]
- fontanel
- soft spot in the skull of an infant, covered with tough, fibrous membrane. There are six such spots at the junctions of the cranial bones; they allow for molding of ...
- Fontanes, Louis, marquis de
- French man of letters who represented Catholic and conservative opinion during the First Empire and was appointed grand master of the University of Paris by Napoleon.
- Fontanesi, Antonio
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") A school of fine arts was established in 1876, and a team of Italian artists was hired to teach Western techniques. Most influential among them was Antonio Fontanesi (1818-81). Active ...
- fontange
- (from the article "dress") ...curls rose high on either side of the centre parting. With these full-bottomed wigs the hat, now a three-cornered tricorne, was usually carried under the arm. Ladies wore a tall ...
|
|
