French historian, secretary, and archivist to the cabinet of Napoleon, who is best known for his personal reminiscences of Napoleon's reign. His works are important sources for the history of ...
prolific American composer of popular songs, including many for Broadway musicals and Hollywood motion pictures. Numbered among his best-known tunes are "Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella," "Tender is the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "climate change") Astrophysical studies indicate that the luminosity of the Sun was much lower during Earth's early history than it has been in the Phanerozoic. In fact, radiative output was low enough ...
temporary market where buyers and sellers gather to transact business. A fair is held at regular intervals, generally at the same location and time of year, and it usually lasts ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "cereal farming") ...usually as precise as in North America. In many countries there is little commercial grading of wheat, and the buyer relies on his own testing and assessments of wheat arrivals. ...
in U.S. history, President Harry S. Truman's liberal domestic reform program, the basic tenets of which he had outlined as early as 1945. In his first postwar message to Congress ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "White, Walter") ...to the U.S. Supreme Court. (Parker was on record as being opposed to black suffrage.) At the outbreak of World War II, White assisted labour leader A. Philip Randolph in ...
(from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...in temporary structures. Churchill Downs, Inc., bought the historic Fair Grounds in New Orleans in October. The sale price of $47 million included the track's five offtrack-wagering facilities. The Fair ...
(from the article "Antrim") Its northern and eastern parts were composed of the Antrim Mountains, an ancient basalt plateau of moorland and peat bogs cut by deep glens, ending at its northeastern corner in ...
(from the article "Shetland Islands") ...islands of Yell, Fetlar, and Unst, the most northerly island. One mile off the coast of Unst is the most northerly point in the United Kingdom, Muckle Flugga-a lighthouse and ...
the first act in the United States prescribing nationwide compulsory federal regulation of wages and hours, sponsored by Sen. Robert F. Wagner of New York and signed on June 14, ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "accounting") Value may also be represented by the amount the company could obtain by selling its assets; this is known as fair market value. This sale price is seldom a good ...
(from the article "Food and Drug Administration") ...part of its regulatory power from four laws: the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which established safety and purity standards and provided for factory inspection and for legal remedy; ...
(from the article "building construction") ...was first used in the neighbouring Old Colony Building (1893) by the architects William Holabird and Martin Roche. The all-steel frame finally appeared in Jenney's Ludington Building (1891) and the ...
(from the article "fair-trade law") ...the practice was limited in interstate commerce to the mere suggestion of prices to dealers, without effective power of enforcement. A turning point came in the United States when the ...
(from the article "copyright") ...distribute the work, to prepare derivative works, and to perform and display the work publicly. However, these rights were subject to numerous limitations, the most important of which was the ...
in the United States, any law allowing manufacturers of branded or trademarked goods (or in some instances distributors of such products) to fix the actual or minimum resale prices of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Fairbairn, Stephen") ...College in Australia, Fairbairn continued his education and first achieved rowing prominence at Jesus College, Cambridge. He rowed for Cambridge in the 1880s and in 1931 titled his autobiography Fairbairn ...
(from the article "Fairbairn, Sir William, 1st Baronet") ...and the Conwy Bridge over the River Conwy. The Britannia Bridge, employing a type of box girder or plate girder that came into worldwide use, was partly riveted by hydraulic ...
Scottish civil engineer and inventor who did pioneering work in bridge design and in testing iron and finding new applications for it. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Great Drought") The Great Drought was but one of several major periods of drought that have affected the same region in the past three millennia. Other periods of drought that have been ...
(from the article "calligraphy") ...script, based on the styles of Arrighi and Palatino, had already become quite popular in the United Kingdom; in 1952 the Society for Italic Handwriting was founded there by the ...
city, east-central Alaska, U.S. It lies along the Chena River (tributary of the Tanana), some 360 miles (580 km) north of Anchorage and about 100 miles (160 km) south of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Dedham") ...River, just southwest of Boston. One of the oldest inland settlements of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was founded in 1635 and named for Dedham, Essex, England, and incorporated in ...
(from the article "Saint Johnsbury") The Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium features a collection of American birds, antique toys and tools, and African and Asian arts. The Maple Grove Museum has exhibits showing how maple sugar ...
26th vice president of the United States (1905-09) in the Republican administration of President Theodore Roosevelt. He was sometimes referred to as "the last of America's log-cabin statesmen."
American motion picture actor and producer who was one of the first and greatest of the swashbuckling screen heroes. His athletic prowess, gallant romanticism, and natural sincerity made him "King ... [6 Related Articles]
American actor, socialite, and businessman (b. Dec. 9, 1909, New York, N.Y.-d. May 7, 2000, New York), had a successful film career before moving on to meritorious World War II ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Saint Johnsbury") ...French friend Michel-Guillaume-Saint-Jean de Crevecoeur, who wrote Letters from an American Farmer (1782) under the pseudonym J. Hector St. John. The community's growth began with Thaddeus Fairbanks' invention (1830) of ...
American electronics company that shares credit with Texas Instruments Incorporated for the invention of the integrated circuit. Founded in 1957 in Santa Clara, California, Fairchild was among the earliest firms ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "military aircraft") ...when British manufacturer C.R. Fairey, impressed with the streamlining made possible by the D-12, acquired license rights to build the engine and designed a two-seat light bomber around it. The ...
(from the article "military aircraft") ...contrast to the winning speed of 145.62 miles per hour in 1922, before the Curtiss machines took part in the event. The influence of the Curtiss engine extended to Europe ...
city, seat (1779) of Fairfax county (though administratively independent of it), northeastern Virginia, U.S., about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Washington, D.C. It developed after 1799 with the construction ...
(from the article "Cohens v. Virginia") In a case involving a dispute over extensive lands, Fairfax's Devisee v. Hunter's Lessee (1813), the Supreme Court had reversed Virginia's highest court and commanded it to enter a judgment ...
English poet whose Godfrey of Bulloigne or the Recoverie of Jerusalem (1600), a translation of Gerusalemme liberata, an epic poem by his Italian contemporary Torquato Tasso, won fame and was ...
general who fought on the parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars and who was father of Thomas, 3rd Baron Fairfax, and parliamentarian commander in chief.
commander in chief of the Parliamentary army during the English Civil Wars between the Royalists and Parliamentarians. His tactical skill and personal courage helped bring about many of the Parliamentary ... [6 Related Articles]
county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S. It is bounded by Long Island Sound to the south, New York state to the west, and the Housatonic River to the east, and it includes ...
city, seat (1858) of Solano county, north-central California, U.S. Adjoining Suisun City to the south, Fairfield is located 45 miles (70 km) northeast of San Francisco. The area, which lies ...
urban town (township), Fairfield county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S., on Long Island Sound adjoining Bridgeport (northeast). It includes Southport, a village on Mill River. Possibly named for Fairfield, England, it was ...
county, central South Carolina, U.S., consisting of a hilly piedmont region. The Broad River forms the western boundary, and the Wateree River and Wateree Lake form part of the eastern ...
city, seat (1838) of Jefferson county, southeastern Iowa, U.S., halfway between Mount Pleasant (east) and Ottumwa (west). Settled in 1839, Fairfield was the site (1854) of the first Iowa State ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Fairfield, Conn., U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. The university consists of the College of Arts ...
town (township), Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on Buzzards Bay across the Acushnet River from New Bedford. The site was settled in 1652 by John Cooke, who, with ...
British artist was a founding member (with Damien Hirst and Sarah Lucas) of the Young British Artists group that dominated British art in the 1990s; he was perhaps best known ...
(from the article "Locmariaquer") ...on the coast of the Gulf of Morbihan, Morbihan departement, Bretagne region, western France, south of Auray. It is famous for its megalithic monuments, notably the Fairies' Stone, a huge, ...
(from the article "ship construction") A lines plan, usually a 148 life-size scale drawing of a ship, is used by designers to calculate required hydrostatic, stability, and capacity conditions. Full-scale drawings formerly were obtained from ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in northern New Jersey, U.S. It consists of three campuses. The Florham-Madison campus is the site of the Maxwell Becton College of Arts and ...
(from the article "electronic instrument") ...that enable a musician to digitize a sound waveform and then process it and play it back under musical control are called sampling instruments. The first commercial sampling instrument was ...
city, seat (1842) of Marion county, northern West Virginia, U.S. It lies where the Tygart Valley River and the West Fork River come together to form the Monongahela River, approximately ...
(from the article "Ellet, Charles") ...River at Washington, D.C. Like several of his early projects, this plan was too advanced for its time and was generally discouraged. In 1842 Ellet completed his wire-cable suspension bridge ...
(from the article "Philadelphia") Benjamin Franklin Parkway provides a splendid vista as it cuts diagonally northwestward from Penn Square through the grid, encircling Logan Square and leading into Fairmount Park. The nation's largest landscaped ...
(from the article "Drake, Nick") ...and clarinet in school. He took up the guitar at age 16 and began writing songs two years later. In 1968 he was discovered at a London performance by Ashley ...
(from the article "India") ...using traditional settlements in the region in the present day for comparison. Hugh Trevor Lambrick proposed a figure of 35,000 for Mohenjo-daro and a roughly similar figure for Harappa, while ...
(from the article "golf") The preferred line to the hole is generally a clear, mowed route called the fairway. The fairway was historically bordered by unmowed vegetation-heather, grasses, weeds, bushes-called rough. Most modern courses ...
(foaled 1925), English racehorse (Thoroughbred) who, though a successful racer, became best known as a sire. An outstanding stud, he sired Blue Peter and Watling Street. Fairway was foaled by ...
(from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...through the Alexander Archipelago and thence offshore along the coast of southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia. West of the St. Elias Mountains and Fairweather Range is the still-active Fairweather ...
(from the article "Alaskan mountains") At the southern end of the St. Elias Mountains, on a peninsula south of the Alsek River where it enters Dry Bay, rises the unique and spectacular fault-block mountain system ...
highest peak (15,300 feet [4,663 metres]) in British Columbia, Canada. The mountain is located on the Alaska border in the Fairweather Range of the St. Elias Mountains, at the southern ... [2 Related Articles]
a mythical being of folklore and romance usually having magic powers and dwelling on earth in close relationship with humans. It can appear as a dwarf creature typically having green ... [2 Related Articles]
two species of birds in the family Irenidae (order Passeriformes), both of striking blue coloration and both confined to semi-deciduous forests in Asia. The blue-backed, or Asian, fairy bluebird (Irena ...
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...than 500 species; all females with an extensible, piercing ovipositor for inserting eggs into plant tissue.Approximately 100 species worldwide; many are small brilliantly coloured diurnal ...
(from the article "pitta") Although pittas are tropical birds, they are migratory-not to escape harsh winters but to exploit the long days and plentiful insects of the higher latitudes' summers. For instance, the fairy ...
(from the article "prion") The smallest of the four species is the fairy prion (P. turtur), about 20 cm (8 inches) long; the largest is the broad-billed prion (P. forsteri) at about 27 cm. ...
a naturally occurring circular ring of mushrooms on a lawn or other location. A fairy ring starts when the mycelium (spawn) of a mushroom falls in a favourable spot and ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "fairy ring") ...fairy rings commonly formed by the field mushroom (Agaricus campestris) often measure about 6 feet (2 m) in diameter. Marasmius oreades, which is commonly known as the fairy ring mushroom, ...
any of the crustaceans of the order Anostraca, so called because of their graceful movements and pastel colours. Some grow to 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) or more in length. ... [3 Related Articles]
wonder tale involving marvellous elements and occurrences, though not necessarily about fairies. The term embraces such popular folktales (Marchen, q.v.) as "Cinderella" and "Puss-in-Boots" and art fairy tales (Kunstmarchen) of ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "bellflower") ...with lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-stalked flowers, several to the stem, has many forms. The plants, 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) tall, form clumps in eastern European ...
any of the 14 species of the Australian genus Malurus of the songbird family Maluridae (sometimes placed in the warbler family Sylviidae). These common names, and bluecap, are given particularly ...
(from the article "fairy") ...corresponding to those of human beings, though longer. They have no souls and at death simply perish. They often carry off children, leaving changeling substitutes, and they also carry off ...
city, east-central Punjab province, Pakistan, in the Rechna Doab upland. The city, the district headquarters, is a distributing centre centrally located in the Punjab plain and connected by road, rail, ...
inner attitude, conviction, or trust relating man to a supreme God or ultimate salvation. In religious traditions stressing divine grace, it is the inner certainty or attitude of love granted ... [44 Related Articles]
(from the article "Christianity") ...the ecumenical movement had become perhaps the single most prominent feature of contemporary Christian history. Doctrinal conversations were held at the multilateral level under the heading of Faith and Order ...
recourse to divine power to cure mental or physical disabilities, either in conjunction with orthodox medical care or in place of it. Often an intermediary is involved, whose intercession may ... [5 Related Articles]
British pop singer, actor, and businessman (b. June 23, 1940, London, Eng.-d. March 8, 2003, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, Eng.), remained in the public eye through a succession of overlapping careers, beginning ...
(from the article "Roman Catholicism") ...of the bishops in the teaching office. The hierarchy alone teaches what the Roman Catholic Church calls "authentic" doctrine. This idea contradicts the traditional belief that "the consent of the ...
(from the article "Christianity") The eucharistic liturgy consists of two parts: the Liturgy of the Catechumens and the Liturgy of the Faithful. This basic structure goes back to a time in which the church ...
(from the article "Islamic arts") ...II al-Mu'tamid of Sevilla (died 1095) in the dungeons of the Almohads; those by the 12th-century Persian Khaqani; those by the Urdu poets Ghalib, in the 19th, and Faiz, in ...
city, eastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies east of Lucknow, on the Ghaghara River. Faizabad was founded in 1730 by Sadat 'Ali Khan, the first nawab of Oudh, ...
(from the article "Banaras, Treaties of") The Second Treaty of Banaras is otherwise known as the Treaty of Faizabad (1775). It was forced on the new vizier of Oudh by the company's governing council after the ...
Polish-American physical chemist who discovered the radioactive displacement law simultaneously with Frederick Soddy of Great Britain. According to this law, when a radioactive atom decays by emitting an alpha particle, ...
town, eastern Puerto Rico, on the Fajardo River lowlands. Founded in 1760, it was the scene of fighting during the Spanish-American War (1898). Its principal manufactures are cigars, furniture, and ...
(from the article "Caracas") The settlement of Caracas occurred more than 40 years after that of Cumana (1523), to the east, and Coro (1527), to the west. A ranch was established in the valley ...
coral atoll of Tokelau, a dependency of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. Its 61 islets rise to 10 feet (3 metres) above sea level and encircle a closed ... [1 Related Articles]
Muslim theologian and scholar, author of one of the most authoritative commentaries on the Qur'an in the history of Islam. His aggressiveness and vengefulness created many enemies and involved him ... [1 Related Articles]
Lebanese ruler (1593-1633) who for the first time united the Druze and Maronite districts of the Lebanon Mountains under his personal rule; he is frequently regarded as the father of ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Islamic arts") ...Poetical romances were also being written at this time; they include the tale of Varqeh o-Golshah by 'Eyyuqi (11th century) and Vis o-Ramin by Fakhr od-Din Gorgani (died after 1055), ...
(from the article "Jambi") ...(ruled 1607-36) of Aceh, later refused to accept suzerainty of the Mataram state of Java, and cooperated with the Dutch (who had entered the region in the early 17th century) ...
originally, a mendicant dervish. In mystical usage, the word fakir refers to man's spiritual need for God, who alone is self-sufficient. Although of Muslim origin, the term has come to ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mpondo") ...changes to the Mpondo in the 1820s. In 1828 the Zulu defeated them, and they fled as refugees across the Mzimvubu River, losing their cattle and their lands. Under the ...
(from the article "Kuwait") Ful, falafel, and hummus are the cornerstones of Kuwaiti cuisine, though Western fast-food restaurants abound in Kuwait city. Ful is a paste based on ...
market town of Calvados departement, Basse-Normandie region, northwestern France. It lies on the Ante River, about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Caen. The town was the birthplace of William ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Scotland") ...1165-1214), subdued much of the north and established royal castles there. After his capture on a raid into England, he was forced to become feudally subject to the English king ...
(from the article "Oman") ...is sparse except where there is irrigation, which is provided by an ancient system of water channels known as aflaj (singular: falaj). The channels ...
