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Franko, Ivan ... Frederick VI

Franko, Ivan: Ukrainian author, scholar, journalist, and political activist who gained preeminence among Ukrainian writers at the end of the 19th century. He wrote dramas, lyric poetry, short stories, essays, and children's ...
frankpledge: system in medieval England under which all but the greatest men and their households were bound together by mutual responsibility to keep the peace. Frankpledge can be traced back to ...
Franks, Sir Augustus Wollaston: the first keeper (curator) of British and medieval antiquities and ethnography at the British Museum (1866-96), who greatly enriched its holdings through careful acquisition and the donation of his own ...
Franscini, Stefano: Swiss statesman and reformer whose maxim "Democracy is not so much respect for the vote of the majority as for the thought of the minority" expressed his faith in education ...
Frantiskovy Lazne: spa town, Zapadocesky kraj (region), Czech Republic. It lies on a flat plateau near the German border. Since medieval times, it has been known for its springs, which are rich ...
Franz Josef Land: archipelago of 191 islands in the northeastern Barents Sea, the northernmost territory of Russia. It falls administratively into Arkhangelsk oblast (province). The islands, with a land area of 6,229 square ...
Franz, Robert: German musician who is considered to have been one of the foremost composers of songs in the tradition of Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.
Franzen, Frans Mikael: Finnish-Swedish poet, educator, and cleric who was a forerunner of the Romantic movement in Sweden.
Frascati: town and episcopal see, Roma provincia, Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy. It lies on the northern slopes of the Alban Hills, 16 miles (21 km) southeast of Rome.
Frasch process: method of mining deep-lying sulfur invented by the German-born U.S. chemist Herman Frasch; it consists of forcing superheated water, above the temperature at which sulfur melts (about 116° C, or ...
Frasch, Herman: U.S. chemist who devised the sulfur mining process named in his honour. The Frasch process, patented in 1891, was first used successfully in Louisiana and in east Texas. It made ...
Fraser Canyon: deep chasm cut by the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada, between Lytton and Yale. The river there flows through wild, rugged, spectacular scenery, including mountains rising more than 3,000 ...
Fraser Island: island off the southeastern coast of Queensland, Australia, separated from the mainland and the port of Maryborough by Hervey Bay and Great Sandy Strait. About 75 miles (120 km) long ...
Fraser River: major river of western North America, draining a huge, scenic region of some 92,000 square miles (238,000 square km) in central British Columbia. About 70 percent of the region drained ...
Fraser, Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron: British admiral in World War II and chief of the naval staff (1948-51).
Fraser, Dawn: Australian swimmer, the first woman swimmer to win gold medals in three consecutive Olympic Games (1956, 1960, 1964). From 1956 to 1964 she broke the women's world record for the ...
Fraser, Malcolm: Australian politician and leader of the Liberal Party, who served as prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983.
Fraser, Peter: statesman, labour leader, and prime minister (1940-49) whose leadership during World War II increased New Zealand's international stature.
Fraser, Simon: Canadian fur trader and explorer who discovered the Fraser River in British Columbia.
Fraseri, Semseddin Sami: author and lexicographer who was a leading figure in 19th-century Turkish literature.
Frasnian Stage: all those rocks deposited worldwide during the Frasnian Age (374 to 367 million years ago). The Frasnian Stage and the overlying Famennian Stage together constitute the Upper Devonian Series.
Fratellini Family: European circus family best known for the Fratellini Brothers, a clown trio-Paul, Francois, and Albert (respectively, b. 1877-d. 1940; b. 1879-d. 1951; b. 1886-d. 1961)-whose wit, charm, and superb acting ...
fraternity and sorority: in the United States, social, professional, or honorary societies, for males and females, respectively. Most such organizations draw their membership primarily from college or university students. With few exceptions, fraternities ...
fraud: in law, the deliberate misrepresentation of fact for the purpose of depriving someone of a valuable possession. Although fraud is sometimes a crime in itself, more often it is an ...
Frauenfeld: capital (since 1803) of Thurgau kanton ("canton"), northern Switzerland, on the Murg River, close to its junction with the Thur River, northeast of Zurich. First mentioned in 1246, it was ...
Frauenlob: late Middle High German poet. He was the original representative of the school of middle-class poets who succeeded the knightly minnesingers, or love poets, adapting the minnesinger traditions to poems ...
Fraunce, Abraham: English poet, a protege of the poet and courtier Sir Philip Sidney.
Fraunhofer lines: in astronomical spectroscopy, any of the dark (absorption) lines in the spectrum of the Sun or other star, caused by selective absorption of the Sun's or star's radiation at specific ...
Fraunhofer, Joseph von: German physicist who first studied the dark lines of the Sun's spectrum, now known as Fraunhofer lines. He also was the first to use extensively the diffraction grating, a device ...
fravashi: in Zoroastrianism, the preexisting external higher soul or essence of a person (according to some sources, also of gods and angels). Associated with Ahura Mazda, the supreme divinity, since the ...
Frawley, Patrick Joseph, Jr.: Nicaraguan-born American corporate executive responsible for the success of the Paper Mate leakproof pen and the Schick stainless-steel razor blade.
Fray Bentos: city, western Uruguay. Founded in 1859, Fray Bentos became important when the first large-scale meat-packing plant in Uruguay was established there in 1861. The industry grew rapidly and, with the ...
Frayn, Michael: British playwright, novelist, and translator whose work is often compared to that of Anton Chekhov for its focus on humorous family situations and its insights into society. Frayn is perhaps ...
Frazer, Sir James George: British anthropologist, folklorist, and classical scholar, best remembered as the author of The Golden Bough.
Frazier, E. Franklin: American sociologist whose work on African American social structure provided insights into many of the problems affecting the black community.
Frazier, Joe: American world heavyweight boxing champion from February 16, 1970, when he knocked out Jimmy Ellis in five rounds in New York City, until January 22, 1973, when he was beaten ...
Frazier, Walt: American basketball player who was one of the finest professional guards in the late 1960s and early '70s.
Frechet, Maurice: French mathematician known chiefly for his contributions to real analysis. He is credited with being the founder of the theory of abstract spaces.
Frechette, Louis-Honore: pre-eminent French-Canadian poet of the 19th century, noted for his patriotic poems.
freckle: a small, brownish, well-circumscribed, stainlike spot on the skin occurring most frequently in red- or sandy-haired individuals. In genetically predisposed individuals who have been exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of ...
freckled duck: (Stictonetta naevosa), rare Australian waterfowl, characterized by dark dots scattered over its metallic-gray plumage; in breeding season the drake's bill turns red. The freckled duck is a surface feeder. It ...
Fredegarius: the supposed author of a chronicle of Frankish history composed between 658 and 661. All the extant manuscripts of this chronicle are anonymous, and the attribution of it to "Fredegarius" ...
Fredegund: queen consort of Chilperic I, the Merovingian Frankish king of Soissons.
Frederic, Harold: American journalist, foreign correspondent, and author of several historical novels.
Fredericia: city and port, Vejle amtskommune (county commune), eastern Jutland, Denmark, on the Little Strait, there bridged to Fyn (Funen) island. Founded and chartered in 1650 by Frederick III as a ...
Frederick: city, seat (1907) of Tillman county, southwestern Oklahoma, U.S. With the opening of the Kiowa-Apache-Comanche reservation to settlement in 1901, the community grew up around a stop on the Blackwell, ...
Frederick: city, seat (1748) of Frederick county, north-central Maryland, U.S., on a tributary of the Monocacy River 47 miles (76 km) west of Baltimore. Laid out in 1745 as Frederick Town, ...
Frederick: German king from 1314 to 1326, also duke of Austria (as Frederick III) from 1308, the second son of the German king Albert I.
Frederick: first Swedish king to reign (1720-51) during the 18th-century Age of Freedom, a period of parliamentary government.
Frederick: county, northern Maryland, U.S., bounded by Pennsylvania to the north, the Monocacy River to the northeast, Virginia to the southwest (the Potomac River constituting the border), and the Blue Ridge ...
Frederick Augustus I: first king of Saxony and duke of Warsaw, who became one of Napoleon's most loyal allies and lost much of his kingdom to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna.
Frederick Augustus II: reform-minded king of Saxony and nephew of Frederick Augustus I, who favoured German unification but was frightened into a reactionary policy by the revolutions of 1848-49.
Frederick Charles, Prince Of Prussia: Prussian field marshal, victor in the Battle of Koniggratz (Sadowa) on July 3, 1866.
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau: the third hereditary stadholder (1625-47) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic, the youngest son of William I the Silent and successor to his half-brother Maurice, prince ...
Frederick I: elector of Saxony who secured the electorship for the House of Wettin, thus ensuring that dynasty's future importance in German politics.
Frederick I: duke of Swabia (as Frederick III, 1147-90) and German king and Holy Roman emperor (1152-90), who challenged papal authority and sought to establish German predominance in western Europe. He engaged ...
Frederick I: elector of Brandenburg (as Frederick III), who became the first king in Prussia (1701-13), freed his domains from imperial suzerainty, and continued the policy of territorial aggrandizement begun by his ...
Frederick I: elector of Brandenburg from 1417, founder of the Brandenburg line of Hohenzollern.
Frederick I: king of Denmark (1523-33) and Norway (1524-33) who encouraged Lutheranism in Denmark but maintained a balance between opposing Lutheran and Roman Catholic factions. This equilibrium crumbled after his death.
Frederick II: king of Sicily (1197-1250), duke of Swabia (as Frederick VI, 1228-35), German king (1212-50), and Holy Roman emperor (1220-50). A Hohenstaufen and grandson of Frederick I Barbarossa, he pursued his ...
Frederick II: Saxon elector (1428-64) and eldest son of Frederick the Warlike; he successfully defended his electorship against the Ascanian Saxe-Lauenburg line and instituted regular diets in his territories.
Frederick II: king of Denmark and Norway (1559-88) who failed in his attempt to establish complete Danish hegemony in the Baltic Sea area in the Seven Years' War of the North (1563-70) ...
Frederick II: king of Prussia (1740-86), a brilliant military campaigner who, in a series of diplomatic stratagems and wars against Austria and other powers, greatly enlarged Prussia's territories and made Prussia the ...
Frederick III: elector Palatine of the Rhine (1559-76) and a leader of the German Protestant princes who worked for a Protestant victory in Germany, France, and the Netherlands.
Frederick III: king of Denmark and Norway (1648-70) whose reign saw the establishment of an absolute monarchy, maintained in Denmark until 1848.
Frederick III: Holy Roman emperor from 1452 and German king from 1440 who laid the foundations for the greatness of the House of Habsburg in European affairs.
Frederick III: elector of Saxony who worked for constitutional reform of the Holy Roman Empire and protected Martin Luther after Luther was placed under the imperial ban in 1521.
Frederick III: king of Sicily from 1296, who strengthened the Aragonese interest there against the Angevins of Naples.
Frederick III: also called (until 1888) Crown Prince Frederick William, German Kronprinz Friedrich Wilhelm, in full Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl king of Prussia and German emperor for 99 days in 1888, during ...
Frederick IV: king of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730), who succeeded his father, King Christian V. He continued the Danish efforts to sever the House of Gottorp's link with Sweden, but his first ...
Frederick IV: elector Palatine of the Rhine, only surviving son of the elector Louis VI.
Frederick IX: king of Denmark (1947-72) who gave encouragement to the Danish resistance movement against the German occupation during World War II and, along with his father, Christian X, was imprisoned by ...
Frederick Louis, Prince Of Wales: eldest son of King George II of Great Britain (reigned 1727-60) and father of King George III (reigned 1760-1820); his bitter quarrel with his father helped bring about the downfall ...
Frederick V: king of Denmark and Norway (1746-66) from the death of his father, Christian VI. The reign of this likable but ineffective king was marked by Danish neutrality in the Seven ...
Frederick V: elector Palatine of the Rhine, king of Bohemia (as Frederick I, 1619-20), and head of the Protestant union against Catholic Austria at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War.
Frederick VI: king of Denmark from 1808 to 1839 and of Norway from 1808 to 1814.