| | - Firuzabad
- town situated about 55 miles (88 km) south of Shiraz, in the Fars region of south-central Iran. The town is said to have been founded by the Sasanian king Ardashir ... [3 Related Articles]
- Firuzabadi, al-
- lexicographer who compiled an extensive dictionary of Arabic that, in its digest form, Al-Qamus ("The Ocean"), served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic.
- Firuzan
- (from the article "Nahavand, Battle of") At Nahavand some 30,000 Arab troops, under the command of Nu'man, attacked a Sasanian army alleged to number 150,000 men. The Sasanian troops, commanded by Firuzan, were entrenched in a ...
- fiscal policy
- measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures. Fiscal measures are frequently used in tandem with monetary policy ... [10 Related Articles]
- Fischart, Johann
- German satirist, the principal German literary opponent of the Counter-Reformation. [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer carbene
- (from the article "organometallic compound") This type of carbene complex is common for the atoms of metals in groups 6-8, and they are called Fischer carbenes. The Fischer carbenes can be modified by electron-rich groups. ...
- Fischer clock
- (from the article "chess") Quick chess took a new turn in the 1990s with a variation on Staunton's single-move principle and Lasa's time-budget idea. Fischer, who had not played a public game since winning ...
- Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard
- Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian whose Baroque style, a synthesis of classical, Renaissance, and southern Baroque elements, shaped the tastes of the Habsburg empire. Fischer's works include the Dreifaltigkeitskirche ... [3 Related Articles]
- Fischer von Erlach, Joseph Emanuel
- (from the article "Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard") Fischer did not live to see his masterpiece completed, but his son Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach completed the church with some alterations. Joseph Emanuel also completed the Imperial Stables ...
- Fischer's lovebird
- (from the article "animal behaviour") Two closely related species of small African parrots, the peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) and Fischer's lovebird (A. personata fischeri), have completely different methods of carrying nesting material. The females of ...
- Fischer, Annie
- Hungarian pianist who gained international renown in the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Bobby
- American-born chess master who became the youngest grandmaster in history when he received the title in 1958. His youthful intemperance and brilliant playing drew the attention of the American public ... [6 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Carl
- (from the article "graphic design") ...were engagingly simple and direct. Lois went on to design over 90 covers for Esquire magazine in the 1960s. He used powerful photographs and photomontages, usually by ...
- Fischer, David Hackett
- (from the article "Literature") The 2005 Pulitzer Prizes were awarded for works that appeared in 2004. The Pulitzer for fiction was awarded to Marilynne Robinson's Gilead, and the history prize went to David Hackett ...
- Fischer, Edmond H.
- American biochemist who was the corecipient with Edwin G. Krebs of the 1992 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning reversible phosphorylation, a biochemical mechanism that governs ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Emil
- German chemist who was awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in recognition of his investigations of the sugar and purine groups of substances. [6 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Ernst Otto
- German theoretical chemist and educator who received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1973 for his identification of a completely new way in which metals and organic substances can combine. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Fritz
- German historian and professor (1948-73; emeritus, 1973-99) of medieval and modern history at the University of Hamburg who rejected the prevailing consensus of shared blame and postulated, most notably in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Gustav
- (from the article "East African lakes") During the 1880s Europeans explored the lakes of the Eastern Rift. Lakes Magadi and Naivasha were visited by a German traveler, Gustav Fischer, in 1883, and in the same year ...
- Fischer, Hans
- German biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1930 for research into the constitution of hemin, the red blood pigment, and chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants.
- Fischer, Heinz
- (from the article "Austria") Area: 83,871 sq km (32,383 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 8,319,000 | Capital: Vienna | Chief of state: President Heinz Fischer | Head of government: Chancellors Wolfgang ...
- Fischer, Johann Michael
- German architect, one of the most creative and prolific designers of late Baroque and Rococo churches in southern Germany. [1 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Joschka
- Joschka Fisher, Germany's Green Party (Die Grunen) leader, steered his party from its anti-nuclear image during the 1990s and in 1995 accomplished his goal of having the Greens replace the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Kuno
- German philosopher and educator who founded neo-Kantian thought with his System der Logik und Metaphysik (1852; "A System of Logic and Metaphysics"). [3 Related Articles]
- Fischer, Ludwig
- German operatic bass, famed for his vocal range of two and a half octaves.
- Fischer, O W
- German film actor (b. April 1, 1915, Klosterneuburg, Austria-Hungary [now in Austria]-d. Feb. 1, 2004, Lugano, Switz.), played the lead in dozens of light romantic comedies and historical pieces, becoming ...
- Fischer, Otto
- (from the article "Neue Kunstlervereinigung") ...Last Judgment (1910). Franz Marc (the last painter to join the group) and Kandinsky, favouring freedom of expression, became aligned against the more conservative art historian Otto Fischer (who later ...
- Fischer, Timothy Andrew
- Tim Fischer was reelected leader of the right-of-centre National Party of Australia after the Nationals won two additional seats from the Australian Labor Party in the March 1993 general election. ...
- Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich
- German operatic baritone and preeminent lieder singer, distinguished for his lyrical voice, commanding presence, and superb artistry.
- Fischer-Tropsch reaction
- conversion of so-called synthesis gas, composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, to hydrocarbons through the influence of elevated temperatures and normal or elevated pressures in the presence of a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Fischhof, Adolf
- Austrian political theorist, one of the principal leaders of the Viennese revolution of 1848. [1 Related Articles]
- Fischinger, Oskar
- (from the article "animation") Another German-born animator, Oskar Fischinger, took his work in a radically different direction. Abandoning the fairy tales and comic strips that had inspired most of his predecessors, Fischinger took his ...
- Fischman, Nahman Isaac
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") ...obscurorum virorum (1515; "Letters of Obscure Men") of Crotus Rubianus and the essays of Isaac Erter were classics of the genre. One poet, Meir Letteris, and one dramatist, Nahman Isaac ...
- fiscus
- the Roman emperor's treasury (where money was stored in baskets), as opposed to the public treasury (aerarium). It drew money primarily from revenues of the imperial provinces, forfeited property, and ...
- fish
- any of a variety of cold-blooded vertebrate animals (phylum Chordata) found in the fresh and salt waters of the world. Living species range from the primitive, jawless lampreys and hagfishes ... [66 Related Articles]
- Fish and Wildlife Service
- (from the article "Arctic Regions") Rapid loss of sea ice continued to place pressure on Northern cultures and species that depended on the ice. In December 2006 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that ...
- fish boil
- (from the article "Door Peninsula") Door Peninsula, which was visited in the 17th century by French traders and missionaries, is now a popular year-round vacation area. It is known for its fish boils, where whitefish, ...
- fish crow
- (from the article "crow") ...house crow (C. splendens) of the Indian subcontinent (introduced in eastern Africa); the pied crow (C. albus), with white nape and breast, of tropical Africa; and the fish crow (C. ...
- fish ladder
- (from the article "dam") Fish passes usually take the form of fish ladders and fish locks. A fish ladder is utilized at Pitlochry Dam in Scotland; it consists of a series of stepped pools ...
- fish lock
- (from the article "dam") The Borland fish lock was developed in Scotland as an alternative to fish ladders. It operates on the same intermittent principle as a ship lock but is constructed as a ...
- fish louse
- any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater fishes. Of the approximately 120 known species, most belong to the genus Argulus. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- fish meal
- coarsely ground powder made from the cooked flesh of fish. Though formerly important as a fertilizer, fish meal is now primarily used in animal feed-especially for poultry, swine, mink, farm-raised ... [1 Related Articles]
- fish oil
- fatty oil from the bodies of fishes, used in the manufacture of many products, such as margarine, cooking oil, cosmetics, caulking compounds, paints, industrial coatings, lubricants, water repellents, soaps, and ... [3 Related Articles]
- fish owl
- any of several species of owls of the family Strigidae (order Strigiformes). They live near water and eat fish as well as small mammals and birds. The several Asian species ...
- fish pass
- (from the article "dam") For centuries people have appreciated that dams can have dramatic effects on fish populations, but concern about this issue increased significantly starting in the 1930s, with the construction of major ...
- fish poisoning
- illness in humans resulting from the eating of varieties of poisonous fishes.
- fish processing
- preparation of seafood and freshwater fish for human consumption.
- fish protein concentrate
- (from the article "protein concentrate") ...animal dietary supplement that has a very high protein content and is extracted or prepared from vegetable or animal matter. The most common of such substances are leaf protein concentrate ...
- Fish River
- stream in southern Namibia. It rises in Namaqualand and flows south across the Great Namaqualand plateau, where it cuts a spectacular gorge 1,000 to 2,300 feet (300 to 700 m) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fish Roundabout
- (from the article "Steinhart Aquarium") ...of reptiles and amphibians, along with 3 species of marine mammals and 60 species of marine invertebrates. The facility was remodeled and modernized in 1963 and again in 1977. One ...
- fish sauce
- in Southeast Asian cookery, a liquid seasoning prepared by fermenting freshwater or saltwater fish with salt in large vats. After a few months time, the resulting brownish, protein-rich liquid is ... [1 Related Articles]
- fish scale
- (from the article "spring balance") Spring balances are widely used commercially. Those with high-load capacities are frequently suspended from crane hooks and are known as crane scales. Smaller units for household use are called fish ...
- fish tapeworm
- (from the article "digestive system disease") ...of infection is inadequately cooked meat. Tapeworms found in beef and pork only give rise to symptoms if their number and size cause intestinal obstruction. Diphyllobothrium latum, a fish tapeworm, ...
- fish wheel
- (from the article "commercial fishing") ...nets, such as hoop and blanket nets, as well as large, mechanically and pneumatically operated lift nets. Some of these employ levers, or gallows, and are installed on the beach ...
- Fish, Hamilton
- U.S. secretary of state (1869-77) who skillfully promoted the peaceful arbitration of explosive situations with Great Britain and Latin America.
- Fish, Hamilton, Jr.
- U.S. politician who was the fourth Hamilton Fish to serve in the U.S. Congress; a moderate Republican from New York, he supported civil rights and gun control and figured in ...
- Fish, Stanley
- American literary critic particularly associated with reader-response criticism, according to which the meaning of a text is created, rather than discovered, by the reader; with neopragmatism, where critical practice is ...
- fish-eye lens
- (from the article "photography, technology of") For image angles greater than 110°, it becomes difficult to bring the lens close enough to the film to allow the rays between the lens and film to diverge sufficiently. ...
- fish-finder
- in commercial fishing, high-frequency sonar device for locating schools of fish. It transmits sound waves downward and receives echoes from the bottom of the sea, or from intervening schools of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fishburne, Laurence
- American actor noted for the intensity of his performances. In 1992 he won a Tony Award for his work in August Wilson's play Two Trains Running, and ...
- fisher
- rare North American carnivore of northern forests, trapped for its valuable brownish black fur (especially fine in the female). It is a member of the weasel family (Mustelidae). The fisher ...
- Fisher's inequality
- (from the article "combinatorics") ...conditions are necessary but not sufficient for the existence of the design. The design is said to be proper if k < upsilon-that is, the blocks are incomplete. For a ...
- Fisher, Alan
- British labour leader, general secretary of the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE) who improved pay for workers in local government, sanitation and sewage, and the National Health Service.
- Fisher, Allison
- Continuing to rack up impressive victories on the Women's Professional Billiards Association (WPBA) tour in 2004 was England's Allison Fisher. The woman known as the "Duchess of Doom" for her ... [2 Related Articles]
- Fisher, Andrew
- three-time Labor prime minister of Australia (1908-09, 1910-13, 1914-15) who sponsored important legislation in the fields of social welfare, economic development, labour relations, and defense. [1 Related Articles]
- Fisher, Bud
- American cartoonist and creator of the comic strip "Mutt and Jeff." [2 Related Articles]
- Fisher, Clara
- Anglo-American actress whose personality and performances inspired an enormous following in the United States.
- Fisher, Dorothy Canfield
- prolific American author of novels, short stories, children's books, educational works, and memoirs.
- Fisher, Herbert Albert Laurens
- British historian, educator, government official, and author who was an influential representative of the historical liberalism of his time.
- Fisher, Irving
- American economist best known for his work in the field of capital theory. He also contributed to the development of modern monetary theory. [1 Related Articles]
- Fisher, John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron
- British admiral and first sea lord whose reforms between 1904 and 1910 ensured the dominance of the Royal Navy during World War I. [1 Related Articles]
- Fisher, M.F.K.
- American writer whose compelling style, wit, and interest in the gastronomical made her one of the major American writers on the subject of food. In her 15 celebrated books, Fisher ...
- Fisher, Morris
- American rifle shooter who won five Olympic gold medals during the 1920s.
- Fisher, Rudolph
- American short-story writer and novelist associated with the Harlem Renaissance whose fiction realistically depicted black urban life in the North, primarily Harlem. [2 Related Articles]
- Fisher, Saint John
- English humanist, martyr, and prelate, who, devoted to the pope and to the Roman Catholic church, resisted King Henry VIII of England by refusing to recognize royal supremacy and the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
- British statistician and geneticist who pioneered the application of statistical procedures to the design of scientific experiments. [8 Related Articles]
- fisherman's bend
- (from the article "knot") ...ropes of different sizes. The end of one rope is passed through a loop of the other, is passed around the loop, and under its own standing part. An ordinary ...
- fisherman's ring
- the pope's signet ring; it shows St. Peter as a fisherman and has the reigning pope's name inscribed around the border. Used since the 13th century as a seal for ... [1 Related Articles]
- fishery
- harvesting of fish, shellfish, and sea mammals as a commercial enterprise, or the location or season of commercial fishing. Fisheries range from small family operations relying on traditional fishing methods ... [21 Related Articles]
- Fishguard
- (from the article "Pembrokeshire") ...Wales, who was born in the 6th century, has been a place of pilgrimage since the Middle Ages, attracting those with hopes of miraculous cures for their ailments to a ...
- fishhook
- (from the article "fishing") One of man's earliest tools was the predecessor of the fishhook, a gorge: a piece of wood, bone, or stone an inch (2.5 centimetres) or so in length, pointed at ...
- fishhook cactus
- any hook-spined species of the family Cactaceae, especially small cacti of the genus Mammillaria but also including species from other genera, such as Sclerocactus and Ferocactus (see barrel cactus).
- fishing
- the sport of catching fish, freshwater or saltwater, typically with rod, line, and hook. Like hunting, fishing originated as a means of providing food for survival. Fishing as a sport, ... [4 Related Articles]
- fishing
- (from the article "conservation") Overfishing is the greatest threat to the biodiversity of the world's oceans, and contemporary information published for fisheries in the United States can serve as an example of the magnitude ...
- fishing bank
- (from the article "Canada") Canada has rich fishing grounds off both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts. The parts of the continental shelf with the shallowest water are known as fishing banks; there plankton, ...
- fishing cat
- (species Felis viverrina), tropical cat of the family Felidae, found in India and Southeast Asia. The coat of the fishing cat is pale gray to deep brownish gray and marked ... [1 Related Articles]
- fishing reel
- (from the article "fishing") ...playing a hooked fish. Barker in 1667 mentions a salmon-fishing line of 26 yards. What was obviously needed was a means of taking up and holding such lengths, and this ...
- fishing rod
- (from the article "fishing") ...one of the first tools made. This was attached to a handline of animal or vegetable material, a method that is efficient only when used from a boat. The practice ...
- Fishkill Landing
- (from the article "Beacon") ...the foot of Mount Beacon, on the east bank of the Hudson River (there bridged to Newburgh), 58 miles (93 km) north of New York City. It became a city ...
- Fishmongers Company
- (from the article "Billingsgate") In the Middle Ages the wharf at Billingsgate was a principal unloading point for fish, salt, and other cargoes. Parliament made it an open fish market in 1698, from which ...
- Fishta, Gjergi
- (from the article "Albanian literature") ...appeared in Albanian literature as writers sought to identify and combat the ills of Albanian society, such as poverty, illiteracy, blood feuds, and bureaucracy. The major authors of the time ...
- fishtail kick
- (from the article "swimming") ...to the rules of breaststroke as then defined. After a period of controversy, the butterfly was recognized as a distinct competitive stroke in 1953. The frog kick originally used was ...
- Fisk Jubilee Singers
- (from the article "Fisk University") ...in a former Union army barracks. It became a university the next year. In severe debt by 1871, the school emptied its treasury to finance a fund-raising concert tour by ...
- Fisk University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. One of the most notable historically black colleges, it is affiliated with the United Church of Christ. It offers undergraduate ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fisk, Carlton
- professional baseball player who played for 24 seasons in the American major leagues between 1969 and 1993.
- Fisk, James
- flamboyant American financier, known as the "Barnum of Wall Street," who joined Jay Gould in securities manipulations and railroad raiding. [4 Related Articles]
- Fisk, Pliny III
- (from the article "Green Architecture: Building for the 21st Century") In 1975 American architect Pliny Fisk III launched the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems (Max Pot) in Austin, Texas. In the late 1980s the centre joined with others to ...
- Fisk, Wilbur
- American educator and Methodist clergyman, principal founder of Wesleyan Academy and Wesleyan University in Connecticut. [1 Related Articles]
- fiskal
- (from the article "Russia") ...through the creation of a Senate, which came to serve as a privy council as well as an institution of supervision and control. In addition, he set up a network ...
- Fiskars
- (from the article "Finland") Another deal-smaller in amount but important for national identity-was the purchase in June of designer tableware manufacturer Iittala Group by Fiskars (a Finnish company best known for its much-copied orange-handled ...
- Fiske, Bradley Allen
- U.S. naval officer and inventor whose new instruments greatly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of late 19th-century warships [1 Related Articles]
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