British-American hydraulic engineer and inventor of the mixed-flow, or Francis, turbine (a combination of the radial- and axial-flow turbines) that was used for low-pressure installations.
American microbiologist and epidemiologist who isolated the viruses responsible for influenza A (1934) and influenza B (1940) and developed a polyvalent vaccine effective against both strains. He also conducted research ...
any member of a Christian religious order founded in the early 13th century by St. Francis of Assisi (q.v.). The members of the order strive to cultivate the ideals of ...
town, eastern Botswana. It lies along the Tati (Tate) River and is an administrative and commercial centre. Francistown is the site of the Dumela industrial complex. Some gold is mined ...
(Fr), heaviest chemical element of Group Ia in the periodic table, the alkali metal group. It exists only in short-lived radioactive forms. Natural francium cannot be isolated in visible, weighable ...
Belgian-French Romantic composer and organist who was the chief figure in a movement to give French music an emotional engagement, technical solidity, and seriousness comparable to that of German composers.
German-born American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1925 with Gustav Hertz for research on the excitation and ionization of atoms by electron bombardment that verified the ...
German Protestant Reformer and theologian who converted from Roman Catholicism to Lutheranism but departed from Martin Luther's views, emphasizing a mystical attitude in place of dogmatic belief.
in physics, first experimental verification of the existence of discrete energy states in atoms, performed (1914) by the German-born physicists James Franck and Gustav Hertz.
Protestant religious leader, educator, and social reformer who was one of the principal promoters of German Pietism, a movement of spiritual renewal that reacted to the doctrinal preoccupation of contemporary ...
Spanish consort who was thought to be the force behind many of the religious and social strictures imposed on Spain during the repressive regime of her husband, Francisco Franco (1939-75).
general and leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39); thereafter he was the head of the government of Spain until ...
(Feb. 6, 1778), agreement by France to furnish critically needed military aid and loans to the 13 insurgent American colonies, often considered the turning point of the U.S. War of ...
(July 19, 1870-May 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and ...
style of musical composition that dominated European music from c. 1450 to c. 1550 and was so called because during that time most of the leading musicians were born or ...
any of a group of Romance dialects spoken in east-central France in a region roughly corresponding to Burgundy and in adjacent areas of Italy and Switzerland. Franco-Provencal is purely rural ...
one of the five great stem, or Stamm (tribal), duchies-the other four being Saxony, Lotharingia (Lorraine), Swabia, and Bavaria-of early medieval Germany. Today it is divided between Rhenish Franconia, now ...
scenic pass between the towering peaks of the Franconia (east) and Kinsman (west) ranges in the White Mountains, northwestern New Hampshire, U.S. The pass is located in Grafton county just ...
forested highland in extreme northeastern Bavaria Land (state), east-central Germany. It forms a physical and geological link between the highlands of the Fichtel Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. About 30 ...
Lebanese politician who, as a leader of one of Lebanon's powerful Maronite Christian clans and president of Lebanon (1970-76), was considered to be in large part responsible for the country's ...
member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the most powerful ...
German philosopher whose writings played a role in the emergence of the German existential movement. Neither an idealist nor a constructivist, as were his contemporaries, he believed philosophy's role was ...
Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel A. Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for his ...
Jewish false messiah who claimed to be the reincarnation of Shabbetai Tzevi (1626-76). The most notorious of the false messiahs, he was the founder of the antirabbinical Frankist, or Zoharist, ...
German Expressionist novelist and playwright who used sensationalism and a compact and austere prose to dramatize a favourite theme-the destruction of the individual spirit by bourgeois society.
the title character in Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's novel Frankenstein, the prototypical "mad scientist" who creates a monster by which he is eventually killed. The name Frankenstein has become popularly attached ...
city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies just northwest of Mannheim. First mentioned as Franconodal, a fishing settlement, in 772, it was the site of a powerful Augustinian monastery ...
capital (since 1792) of Kentucky, U.S., and seat of Franklin county, located 50 miles (80 km) east of Louisville and 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Lexington. Frankfort was founded ...
American archaeologist who completed a well-documented reconstruction of ancient Mesopotamian culture, established the relation between Egypt and Mesopotamia, and discovered much new information on both civilizations.
city, Hessen Land (state), western Germany. The city lies along the Main River about 19 miles (30 km) upstream from its confluence with the Rhine River at ...
municipal zoological garden in Frankfurt am Main, Ger. It was founded in 1858 by the Frankfurt Zoological Society. Because the original site of the zoo was not large enough to ...
city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies on the west bank of the Oder River opposite the Polish town of Slubice, which before 1945 was the ...
group of researchers associated with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main, Ger., who applied Marxism to a radical interdisciplinary social theory. The Institute for Social Research (Institut ...
highly seasoned sausage, traditionally of mixed pork and beef. Frankfurters are named for Frankfurt am Main, Ger., the city of their origin, where they were sold and eaten at beer ...
associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1939-62), a noted scholar and teacher of law, who was in his time the high court's leading exponent of the doctrine of ...
aromatic gum resin containing a volatile oil that was valued in ancient times in worship and as a medicine and is still an important incense resin. Frankincense is obtained from ...
city, seat of Williamson county, central Tennessee, U.S., on the Harpeth River, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Nashville. Settled in 1799 and named for Benjamin Franklin, it was ...
county, northwestern Massachusetts, U.S., bordered by New Hampshire and Vermont to the north. It consists of a mountainous, forested region bisected north-south by the Connecticut River. Other waterways include the ...
city, Merrimack county, central New Hampshire, U.S., at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers (there forming the Merrimack). The locality was settled in 1748 as Salisbury and was ...
county, southern Pennsylvania, U.S., bordered to the south by Maryland and to the west by Tuscarora Mountain. The county, lying almost wholly within the Appalachian Ridge and Valley physiographic province, ...
county, west-central Maine, U.S. It consists of a mountainous region bordered to the northwest by Quebec, Can. Some of the county's highest peaks-Mount Abraham and Sugarloaf, Crocker, and Saddleback mountains-are ...
county, northeastern New York state, U.S., bordered by Quebec, Canada, to the north and mostly occupied by Adirondack Park (1892), one of the largest parks in the United States and ...
unofficial state (1785-90) of the United States of America, comprising the eastern portion of what is now Tennessee and extending to "unclaimed" lands to the west.
city, seat of Venango county, northwest Pennsylvania, U.S., at the junction of French Creek and the Allegheny River, 70 miles (113 km) north of Pittsburgh. The site was early occupied ...
county, northwestern Vermont, U.S. It is bordered by Quebec, Canada, to the north, Lake Champlain to the west, and the Green Mountains to the east. The lowlands of the west ...
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is a liberal arts college offering bachelor's degree programs only, including preprofessional curriculums. Students can study in England, Denmark, ...
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., one of the foremost American science and technology centres. Founded in 1824, the institute embraces the Franklin Institute Science Museum and Planetarium, the Mandell Center, the ...
type of wood-burning stove, invented by Benjamin Franklin (c. 1740), that was used to warm frontier dwellings, farmhouses, and urban homes for more than 200 years. See stove.
American singer who defined the golden age of soul music of the 1960s. Franklin's mother, Barbara, was a gospel singer and pianist. Her father, C.L. Franklin, presided over the New ...
American historian and educator noted for his scholarly reappraisal of the American Civil War era and the importance of the black struggle in shaping modern American identity. He also helped ...
British scientist who contributed to the discovery of the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a constituent of chromosomes that serves to encode genetic information.
English rear admiral and explorer whose ill-fated expedition (1845) is credited with having proved the existence of the Northwest Passage, a Canadian Arctic waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
national park in western Tasmania, Australia. The park, established in 1981 and doubled in area in 1990, covers 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km) of alpine slopes, undulating hills, and ...
(Franklinia, or Gordonia, alatamaha), small tree of the tea family (Theaceae), native to the southeastern United States. It was first identified in 1765 by the botanist John Bartram along the ...
