| | - fibre
- (from the article "nutritional disease") ...family), contain sulforaphane and other compounds known as isothiocyanates, which induce enzymes that detoxify carcinogens and have been demonstrated to protect against cancer in animal studies. Dietary fibre in plant ...
- fibre
- in textile production, basic unit of raw material having suitable length, pliability, and strength for conversion into yarns and fabrics. A fibre of extreme length is a filament. Fibres can ... [3 Related Articles]
- fibre bundle
- (from the article "mathematics") ...possible values. Because a vector space is attached at each point, the theory is called the theory of vector bundles. Other kinds of space may be attached, thus entering the ...
- fibre optics
- the science of transmitting data, voice, and images by the passage of light through thin, transparent fibres. In telecommunications, fibre optic technology has virtually replaced copper wire in long-distance telephone ... [6 Related Articles]
- fibre, man-made
- fibre whose chemical composition, structure, and properties are significantly modified during the manufacturing process. Man-made fibres are spun and woven into a huge number of consumer and industrial products, including ... [11 Related Articles]
- fibre-optic cable
- (from the article "erbium") ...rare-earth metal of the lanthanoid series of the periodic table. Erbium is a grayish silver element that also occurs as a series of pink compounds. It had limited commercial uses ...
- fibre-optic endoscope
- (from the article "endoscopy") Fibre-optic endoscopes are pliable, highly maneuverable instruments that allow access to channels in the body that older, semirigid instruments cannot access at all or can access only at great discomfort ...
- fibre-optic gyroscope
- (from the article "gyroscope") ...photoelectric cells. The patterns of all three rings are then numerically integrated in order to determine the turning rate of the craft in three dimensions. Another type of optical gyroscope ...
- fibreboard
- (from the article "Wood production by region") Fibreboard drums have been produced since early in the 20th century. They are made with ends of steel or paperboard in sizes up to 75 gallons and are cheap and ...
- fibreglass
- fibrous form of glass that is used principally as insulation and as a reinforcing agent in plastics. [13 Related Articles]
- fibrillar muscle
- (from the article "muscle") ...rhythm of contraction. The leg muscles of all insects, and the wing muscles of many, require action potentials to initiate every contraction; however, the wing muscles of other insects consist ...
- fibrin
- an insoluble protein that is produced in response to bleeding and is the major component of the blood clot. Fibrin is a tough protein substance that is arranged in long ... [4 Related Articles]
- fibrin clot
- (from the article "bleeding and blood clotting") ...to participate in blood coagulation upon tissue injury. Blood-clotting proteins generate thrombin, an enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and a reaction that leads to the formation of a fibrin ...
- fibrin-stabilizing factor XIII
- (from the article "drug") ...the conversion of the soluble fibrinogen to soluble fibrin under the influence of the enzyme thrombin (factor IIa). Soluble fibrin is converted to insoluble fibrin strands by activated factor XIII ...
- fibrinogen
- (from the article "Laboratory diagnosis of coagulation disorders") Plasma contains 6-8 percent proteins. One critical group is the coagulation proteins and their inhibitors, synthesized primarily in the liver. When blood clotting is activated, fibrinogen circulating in the blood ...
- fibrinoid
- (from the article "connective tissue disease") ...the lungs). The walls of inflamed blood vessels, portions of which may become necrotic (i.e., may die), are often found to contain characteristic deposits of hyaline (translucent) material called fibrinoid ...
- fibrinolysis
- (from the article "bleeding and blood clotting") ...that underlies the endothelial cell. Later, normal healing of the wound occurs. The platelets subsequently degenerate into an amorphous mass and after several days, the fibrin itself is dissolved (fibrinolysis) ...
- fibrinolytic drug
- (from the article "drug") A fibrinolytic system that exists in the body restricts thrombus propagation beyond the site of injury and is also involved in the lysis, or dissolution, of clots as wounds heal. ...
- fibrinolytic system
- (from the article "drug") A fibrinolytic system that exists in the body restricts thrombus propagation beyond the site of injury and is also involved in the lysis, or dissolution, of clots as wounds heal. ...
- fibrinopeptide
- (from the article "evolution") Proteins that evolve more rapidly than cytochrome c can be studied in order to establish phylogenetic relationships between closely related species. Some proteins evolve very fast; the fibrinopeptides-small proteins involved ...
- fibroblast
- the principal nonmotile cells of connective tissue; fibroblasts are large, flat, elongated (spindle-shaped) cells possessing processes extending out from the ends of the cell body. The cell nucleus is flat ... [6 Related Articles]
- fibrocartilage
- (from the article "cartilage") ...at the ends of bones in free-moving joints as articular cartilage, at the ends of the ribs, and in the nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. It is a glossy blue-white ...
- fibrocystic disease of the breast
- noncancerous cysts (harmless swellings caused by fluid trapped in breast tissues) that often increase in size and become tender during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. This condition occurs ... [2 Related Articles]
- fibrocyte
- (from the article "ligament") ...to support the internal organs and hold bones together in proper articulation at the joints. A ligament is composed of dense fibrous bundles of collagenous fibres and spindle-shaped cells known ...
- fibroelastosis
- (from the article "cardiovascular disease") ...in the myocardium-for example, tumours-may be present at birth, but they are rare. Abnormalities of the endocardium may be present at birth, but they are also rare. They include fibroelastosis, ...
- fibroid tumour
- (from the article "reproductive system disease") Uterine fibroids, also called uterine leiomyomata, are benign tumours that originate from the smooth muscle walls of the uterus and may be single but usually occur in clusters. They are ...
- fibroin
- (from the article "scleroprotein") The two most important classes of scleroproteins are the collagens and the keratins. Others include fibroin, which forms about 67 percent of the content of natural silk (the remainder is ...
- fibroma
- any benign tumour of fibrous tissue. Specific fibromas include nonossifying fibroma, found in the large long bones; it is relatively common in older children and young adults. Fibromas can occur ...
- fibromyalgia
- chronic syndrome that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain, often at multiple anatomical sites, that occurs in the absence of an identifiable physical or physiological cause. A significant number of persons ...
- fibrosarcoma
- rare malignant tumour of fibrous tissue most commonly found in middle-age adults and primarily occurring in the thighbone, upper arm bone, or jaw; the tumour also may arise in soft ...
- fibrosis
- (from the article "silicosis") The symptoms of silicosis are shortness of breath that is followed by coughing, difficulty in breathing, and weakness. These symptoms are all related to a fibrosis that reduces the elasticity ...
- fibrous actin
- (from the article "muscle") ...in this form, called globular actin or G-actin, has one calcium or magnesium ion and one molecule of ATP bound to it. Under the proper conditions, G-actin is transformed into ...
- fibrous astrocyte
- (from the article "nervous system") Fibrous astrocytes are prevalent among myelinated nerve fibres in the white matter of the central nervous system. Organelles seen in the somata of neurons are also seen in astrocytes, but ...
- fibrous dysplasia
- rare congenital developmental disorder beginning in childhood and characterized by replacement of solid calcified bone with fibrous tissue, often only on one side of the body and primarily in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- fibrous joint
- (from the article "joint") In fibrous joints the articulating parts are separated by white connective tissue (collagen) fibres, which pass from one part to the other. There are two types of fibrous joints: suture ...
- fibrous pericardium
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") The heart is suspended in its own membranous sac, the pericardium. The strong outer portion of the sac, or fibrous pericardium, is firmly attached to the diaphragm below, the mediastinal ...
- fibrous protein
- (from the article "protein") ...very complicated, apparently irregular shapes. Two extremes in shape include the closely folded structure of the globular proteins and the elongated, unidimensional structure of the threadlike fibrous proteins; both were ...
- fibrous root system
- (from the article "root") Grasses and other monocotyledons have a fibrous root system, characterized by a mass of roots of about equal diameter. This network of roots does not arise as branches of the ...
- fibrous texture
- (from the article "mineral") ...generally gives the double-chain members lower specific gravities and refractive indices than their single-chain analogues. Their crystal habits also are different: amphiboles exhibit needlelike or fibrous crystals, while pyroxenes take ...
- fibrous-rooted begonia
- (from the article "begonia") Fibrous-rooted begonias can be further divided into the wax, or bedding, begonias (Semperflorens-Cultorum group), including the offshoots of B. semperflorens used most often as summer bedding plants; the so-called cane ...
- fibula
- outer of two bones of the lower leg or hind limb, probably so named because the inner bone, the tibia, and the fibula together resemble an ancient brooch, or pin. ... [4 Related Articles]
- fibula
- brooch, or pin, originally used in Greek and Roman dress for fastening garments. The fibula developed in a variety of shapes, but all were based on the safety-pin principle. [4 Related Articles]
- Fichte, Immanuel
- (from the article "Hegelianism") ...are compatible and another review in which Hegel responded indirectly to arguments of Herbart. Among Hegel's critics can be distinguished speculative theists such as Christian Weisse of Leipzig and Immanuel ...
- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
- German philosopher and patriot, one of the great transcendental idealists. [14 Related Articles]
- Fichtel Hills
- mountains in northeastern Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. They lie at the Czech border between the Franconian Forest in the northwest, the Ore Mountains (in German, Erzgebirge; ...
- Fichtel Mountain
- (from the article "Ore Mountains") ...face (2,000 to 2,500 feet [600 to 750 metres] high in places); the outer slope to the northwest is gradual. The highest summits, Klinovec (4,081 feet [1,244 metres]) on the ...
- Fichtelgebirgehumpen
- (from the article "Humpen glass") ...depict either the German emperor on horseback, with the three spiritual electors behind him and four princes below, or the kaiser enthroned, with three or four princes on either side. ...
- ficin
- (from the article "Rosales") The latex of Ficus glabrata and F. laurifolia contains the proteolytic enzyme ficin, which digests Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm, or nematode), the agent of ascariasis, without harming the human host. It ...
- Ficino, Marsilio
- Italian philosopher, theologian, and linguist whose translations and commentaries on the writings of Plato and other classical Greek authors generated the Florentine Platonist Renaissance that influenced European thought for two ... [10 Related Articles]
- Fick's law of diffusion
- (from the article "physical science, principles of") describes the conservation of particles. Secondly, Fick's law states that the random wandering causes an average drift of particles from regions where they are denser to regions where they are ...
- Fick, Adolf E.
- (from the article "contact lens") thin, artificial lens worn on the surface of the eye to correct refractive defects of vision. The first contact lens, made of glass, was developed by Adolf Fick in 1887 ...
- Fick, August
- German linguist, a pioneer in Indo-European etymological research who made the first comprehensive study of the common vocabulary of Indo-European languages and sought to determine their prototype.
- Ficker, Julius von
- (from the article "diplomatics") ...of early-medieval French documents were printed in the Recueil des actes by a variety of eminent editors. But the greatest advances were made by German and Austrian scholars, among whom ...
- Fico, Robert
- (from the article "Slovakia") Area: 49,035 sq km (18,933 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 5,396,000 | Capital: Bratislava | Chief of state: President Ivan Gasparovic | Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Fico ...
- fiction
- literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation. Types of literature in the fiction genre include the novel, ... [2 Related Articles]
- fictionalism
- (from the article "mathematics, philosophy of") Mathematical fictionalists agree with paraphrase nominalists that there are no such things as abstract objects and, hence, no such things as numbers. They think that paraphrase nominalists are mistaken, however, ...
- fictionalized biography
- (from the article "biography") The books in this fifth category belong to biographical literature only by courtesy. Materials are freely invented, scenes and conversations are imagined; unlike the previous category, this class often depends ...
- fictive kinship
- (from the article "India") Beyond the family the most important unit is the caste. Within a village all members of a single caste recognize a fictive kinship relation and a sense of mutual obligation, ...
- fictive temperature
- (from the article "industrial glass") ...exception of vitreous silica). The structure of glass at h is assumed to be identical to that of the liquid at (Tf)1. Known as the fictive temperature, (Tf)1 is the ...
- Ficus
- a group of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines, commonly called figs. Native primarily to tropical areas of East Asia, they are distributed throughout the world's tropics. Many ... [9 Related Articles]
- Ficus insipida
- (from the article "Ficus") ...The seeds of strangler figs germinate on a host tree and grow around its trunk in a strangling latticework, eventually killing the host tree. One freestanding New World species,
- Fidal script
- (from the article "Nilo-Saharan languages") An adapted form of the Fidal script, which was used for writing Amharic, has been developed for the orthographies of a number of Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in Ethiopia. Other orthographic ...
- fiddle
- medieval European bowed, stringed musical instrument. The medieval fiddle, a forerunner of the violin, emerged in 10th-century Europe, possibly deriving from the lira, a Byzantine version of the rabab, an ... [7 Related Articles]
- fiddle-leaf fig
- (from the article "Ficus") ...the massive crowns. The India rubber plant (F. elastica), a large tree that was formerly an important source of rubber, is now cultivated as an indoor potted ...
- fiddle-leaf philodendron
- (from the article "Philodendron") ...(Philodendron scandens oxycardium). The velvet-leaf philodendron (P. scandens micans) has small bronzy-green velvety leaves with reddish undersides. Of moderate size is the fiddle-leaf, or horsehead, philodendron (P. bipennifolium), with fiddle-shaped, ...
- fiddler crab
- any of the approximately 65 species of the genus Uca (order Decapoda of the subphylum Crustacea). They are named "fiddler" because the male holds one claw, always much larger than ... [5 Related Articles]
- fidei commissum
- in Roman law and civil-law systems, a gift of property to a person (usually by will), imposing upon that person the obligation to transfer it to a specified ultimate recipient, ... [1 Related Articles]
- fideism
- a philosophical view extolling theological faith by making it the ultimate criterion of truth and minimizing the power of reason to know religious truths. Strict fideists assign no place to ... [3 Related Articles]
- fidelity bond
- (from the article "insurance") Surety contracts are designed to protect businesses against the possible dishonesty of their employees. Surety and fidelity bonds fill the gap left by theft insurance, which always excludes losses from ...
- Fidenae
- (from the article "ancient Rome") ...and assigned them to their proper tribe and century within the tribal and centuriate assemblies. The increase in the number of military tribunes coincided with Rome's first two major wars, ...
- Fidenza
- town, Emilia-Romagna regione, northern Italy. It is believed to have been the scene of St. Domninus' martyrdom under the Roman emperor Maximian and was called Borgo San Donnino for more ...
- fidenziana
- (from the article "Italian literature") Two burlesque medley forms of verse were invented during the century. Fidenziana poetry derives its name from a work by Camillo Scroffa, a poet who wrote Petrarchan parodies in a ...
- Fides
- Roman goddess, the deification of good faith and honesty. Many of the oldest Roman deities were embodiments of high ideals (e.g., Honos, Libertas); it was the function of Fides to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fidesz
- centre-right Hungarian political party. Fidesz (the Federation of Young Democrats) was founded in 1988 as an anticommunist party that promoted the development of a market economy and European integration. Initially, ... [5 Related Articles]
- fidla
- (from the article "stringed instrument") The bowing principle has been applied to nonlutes from time to time: the ancient Icelandic fidla is a bowed zither, as is the Korean
- fiduciary
- in law, a person who occupies a position of such power and confidence with regard to the property of another that the law requires him to act solely in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- fiduciary bond
- (from the article "insurance") Court bonds include several different types of surety bonds. Fiduciary bonds are required for court-appointed officials entrusted with managing the property of others; executors of estates and receivers in bankruptcy ...
- fiduciary money
- (from the article "money") ...ago. By the late 18th and early 19th centuries paper money and banknotes had spread to other parts of the world. The bulk of the money in use came to ...
- Fiedler, Arthur
- maestro of the Boston Pops Orchestra for 50 seasons and the best-selling classical conductor of all time; his recordings with the Pops sold some 50,000,000 discs. (The Pops Orchestra is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fiedler, Leslie A.
- American literary critic who applied psychological (chiefly Freudian) and social theories to American literature. [2 Related Articles]
- Fiedler, Richard
- (from the article "flame thrower") Modern flame throwers first appeared in the early 1900s when the German army tested two models, one large and one small, submitted by Richard Fiedler. The smaller Flammenwerfer, light enough ...
- fief
- in European feudal society, a vassal's source of income, held from his lord in exchange for services. The fief constituted the central institution of feudal society (see feudalism). It normally ... [10 Related Articles]
- field
- (from the article "baseball") ...(if a designated hitter is allowed to take the pitcher's turn at bat) 10 players each. The field of play is divided into the infield and the outfield. Within the ...
- field
- (from the article "physical science, principles of") Newton's law of gravitation and Coulomb's electrostatic law both give the force between two particles as inversely proportional to the square of their separation and directed along the line joining ...
- field
- (from the article "Field axioms") A main question pursued by Dedekind was the precise identification of those subsets of the complex numbers for which some generalized version of the theorem made sense. The first step ...
- field
- (from the article "heraldry") In a blazon (verbal description) of the arms, their field, or background layer, appears first. It may be one of the metals or (gold) or argent (silver), one of the ...
- field
- (from the article "database") ...a set of files on magnetic disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage device. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of ...
- field
- (from the article "baseball") Field of play and equipmentfootballfootball, gridironThe play of the gameThe field for U.S. gridiron football is 120 yards (109.8 metres) ...
- field archery
- form of archery in which targets of different sizes or shapes are placed at varying distances in uneven, often wooded, terrain in an attempt to simulate hunting conditions. As an ... [1 Related Articles]
- field army
- (from the article "military unit") ...which has 50,000 to 300,000 troops and is commanded by a lieutenant general. The army corps is the largest regular army formation, though in wartime two or more corps may ...
- field artillery
- (from the article "field artillery") any large-calibre, crew-operated, mounted firearm designed for easy movement in the field. See artillery.principles of operationartilleryField artilleryField
- field bindweed
- (from the article "bindweed") ...with fleshy, kidney-shaped leaves and deep pink, 5-cm blooms, creeps along European seaside sand and gravel. Several Convolvulus species are widespread or conspicuous. The weedy, perennial field bindweed (C. arvensis), ...
- Field Code
- (from the article "Field, David Dudley") U.S. lawyer whose advocacy of law codification had international influence. The "Field Code" of civil procedure, enacted by New York state in 1848, was subsequently adopted in whole or in ...
- field cricket
- (from the article "animal behaviour") Two cricket species, Gryllus campestris and G. bimacularis, are so similar morphologically that they can be distinguished from one another only with great difficulty. Their behaviours on the other hand, ...
- field dependence
- (from the article "personality") Another much studied cognitive control is called field dependence-field independence. It pertains to the extent to which people are influenced by inner (field-independent) or environmental (field-dependent) cues in orienting themselves ...
- field emission
- discharge of electrons from the surface of a material subjected to a strong electric field. In the absence of a strong electric field, an electron must acquire a certain minimum ... [2 Related Articles]
- field excitation
- (from the article "electric generator") A source of direct current is required for the field winding, as sketched in Figure 2. In very small synchronous generators, this current may be supplied from an external source ...
- field flicker
- (from the article "flicker") ...considered by many authorities to represent the same species as the yellow-shafted because the two forms hybridize frequently. The campos, or pampas, flicker (C. campestris) and the field flicker (C. ...
- field fortification
- (from the article "fortification") ...Fortifications are usually of two types: permanent and field. Permanent fortifications include elaborate forts and troop shelters and are most often erected in times of peace or upon threat of ...
- field geology
- (from the article "geology") On a large scale, the techniques of field geology are employed. These include the preparation of geologic maps that show the areal distribution of geologic units selected for representation on ...
- field gladiolus
- (from the article "Gladiolus") ...East African species. The fragrant, white G. tristis from South Africa is more delicate than the cultivated hybrids. Several species of gladiolus are native in Europe, including the magenta field ...
|
|
