| | - fertilization
- (from the article "Mendel, Gregor") Mendel went on to relate his results to the cell theory of fertilization, according to which a new organism is generated from the fusion of two cells. In order for ...
- fertilization
- union of a spermatozoal nucleus, of paternal origin, with an egg nucleus, of maternal origin, to form the primary nucleus of an embryo. In all organisms the essence of fertilization ... [45 Related Articles]
- fertilizer
- natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that improve growth and productiveness of plants. Fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil or replace the chemical elements taken from ... [28 Related Articles]
- fertilizer nodules
- (from the article "Life Sciences") Legume plants, such as peas, beans, and clovers, form "fertilizer nodules" on their roots when they are invaded by rhizobia bacteria. In a symbiotic partnership the plant then provides the ...
- fertilizin
- (from the article "reproductive behaviour") ...time of the year, the epitokes swarm to the ocean surface and engage in mass shedding of eggs and sperm. Some female epitokes of clam worms (Nereis) produce a chemical ...
- Fertod
- town, Gyor-Moson-Sopron megye (county), western Hungary. It lies near the south end of Ferto (German: Neusiedler) Lake on the Austrian frontier. It was a seat of the Esterhazy princes, who ...
- Ferula foetida
- (from the article "asafetida") ...in Europe and the United States in perfumes and for flavouring. Acrid in taste, it emits a strong onionlike odour because of its organic sulfur compounds. It is obtained chiefly ...
- Fes
- city, northern Morocco, on the Wadi Fes just above its influx into the Sebou River. [5 Related Articles]
- Fes, Treaty of
- (from the article "Morocco") ...unable to control the country. Disorder increased until, besieged by tribesmen in Fes, he was forced to ask the French to rescue him. When they had done so, he had ...
- Fesapo
- (from the article "logic, history of") Fourth figure:Bramantip, Camenes, Dimaris, Fesapo,
- Fescennine verse
- early native Italian jocular dialogue in Latin verse. At vintage and harvest, and probably at other rustic festivals, these were sung by masked dancers. They were similar to ribald wedding ... [1 Related Articles]
- Fesch, Joseph
- French cardinal who was Napoleon's ambassador to the Vatican in Rome.
- fescue
- any of about 100 species of grasses constituting the genus Festuca (family Poaceae), native to temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Several species are important pasture and fodder ... [1 Related Articles]
- fess
- (from the article "heraldry") ...centre; the bend, a third of the shield, drawn from the dexter chief to sinister base (when drawn from the dexter base to sinister chief, it is a bend sinister); ...
- Fessenden, Reginald Aubrey
- Canadian-American radio pioneer who broadcast the first program of music and voice ever transmitted over long distances.
- Fessenden, William Pitt
- American Whig politician who was influential in founding the Republican Party in 1854.
- Festa, Costanza
- (from the article "madrigal") ...interwoven melodies; accordingly, the text was less syllabically declaimed. Both of these early styles are represented among the works of the first generation of 16th-century madrigal composers: Costanza Festa, Philippe ...
- Feste
- (from the article "King Lear") ...to prove her love and is disinherited. The two older sisters mock Lear and renege on their promise to support him. Cast out, the king slips into madness and wanders ...
- Festino
- (from the article "logic, history of") Second figure:Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroco,
- festival art
- (from the article "folk art") A major folk category is festival art, which owes its genesis and much of its content to ancient seasonal celebrations. Since antiquity, the solar manifestations of the summer and winter ...
- festival mask
- (from the article "mask") Masks for festive occasions are still commonly used. Ludicrous, grotesque, or superficially horrible, festival masks are usually conducive to good-natured license, release from inhibitions, and ribaldry. These include the Halloween, ...
- Festival of Britain
- (from the article "fountain") ...fountain displays. Among the many examples are the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, London; the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, Ill. (1893), and the New York World's Fair of 1939. At ...
- Festival of Cats
- (from the article "Belgium") ...the winter festivals of St. Nicholas, Christmas, and the New Year. In Flanders these festivals have become folkloric celebrations with a religious or historical character. Notable events include the Festival ...
- Festival of Pacific Arts
- (from the article "Polynesian culture") Festival activity, which has always been a significant part of Pacific culture, has provided a vehicle for expressing contemporary indigenous identities. The Festival of Pacific Arts, founded in 1972, has ...
- Festival of the Sun
- (from the article "sacrament") ...venerated and eaten by families in their houses. The main purpose of the sacrament was to secure a good maize harvest and a renewal of the crops, as well as ...
- Festival Theatre
- (from the article "theatre") ...productions of Shakespeare at the Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Dance. Moving to Stratford, in Ontario, Canada, and assisted by stage designer Tanya Moiseyevich, Guthrie designed the Festival Theatre, ...
- Festival TransAmeriques
- (from the article "Performing Arts") In contrast to the Stratford festival, the new Festival TransAmeriques of Montreal in May and June offered a bracing dose of cutting-edge theatre and dance. The event was headlined by ...
- Festspielhaus
- (from the article "Salzburg") ...Salzburg on an annual basis. The Salzburg Festival now comprises recitals, concerts of orchestral and chamber music, church music, opera, and drama. The music of Mozart dominates the festival. The ...
- Festspielhaus
- (from the article "Bayreuth") Bayreuth is best known for its association with the composer Richard Wagner. He settled there in 1872, and the foundation stone of the Festival Theatre (Festspielhaus) was laid that same ...
- Festus, Sextus Pompeius
- Latin grammarian who made an abridgment in 20 books, arranged alphabetically, of Marcus Verrius Flaccus' De significatu verborum ("On the Meaning of Words"), a work that is otherwise lost. A ...
- Fet, Afanasy Afanasyevich
- Russian poet and translator, whose sincere and passionate lyric poetry strongly influenced later Russian poets, particularly the Symbolist Aleksandr Blok. [1 Related Articles]
- feta
- fresh, white, soft or semisoft cheese of Greece, originally made exclusively from goat's or sheep's milk but in modern times containing cow's milk. Feta is not cooked or pressed but ...
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- various congenital abnormalities in the newborn infant that are caused by the mother's ingestion of alcohol around the time of conception or during pregnancy. [6 Related Articles]
- fetch
- area of ocean or lake surface over which the wind blows in an essentially constant direction, thus generating waves. The term also is used as a synonym for fetch length, ... [2 Related Articles]
- fetch-decode-execute cycle
- (from the article "computer") ...both are fetched from memory by the CPU. The CPU has a program counter that holds the memory address (location) of the next instruction to be executed. The basic operation ...
- fete champetre
- (French: "rural festival"), in painting, representation of a rural feast or open-air entertainment. Although the term fete galante ("courtship party") is sometimes considered to be a synonym for fete champetre, ...
- Fete du Trone
- (from the article "Muhammad V") ...promulgated to help the protectorate, but, instead, it divided the country and accelerated nationalism. Wanting to make Muhammad a national symbol, the Moroccan nationalists organized the Fete du Trone (Throne ...
- fete galante
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...of the French artist Claude Gillot all provided important source material for early Rococo painting. The delicate sketchlike technique and elegant figures of Watteau's wistful fantasies, called fetes galantes, provided ...
- Fete Nationale du Quebec
- official holiday of Quebec, Canada. Observed on June 24, the holiday marks the summer solstice and honours the patron saint of French Canadians-Jean Baptiste, or John the Baptist.
- Fethiye
- town, southwestern Turkey. It lies along a sheltered bay in the eastern part of the Gulf of Fethiye on the Mediterranean Sea that is backed by the western Taurus ranges. ...
- fetial
- any of a body of 20 Roman priestly officials who were concerned with various aspects of international relations, such as treaties and declarations of war. The fetials were originally selected ... [4 Related Articles]
- Fetis, Francois-Joseph
- prolific scholar and pioneer scientific investigator of music history and theory. He was also an organist and composer.
- fetishism
- in psychology, a form of sexual deviance involving erotic attachment to an inanimate object or an ordinarily asexual part of the human body. [3 Related Articles]
- fetishism
- (from the article "art, African") The sculptural forms are most commonly wood carvings: masks, ancestor figures, fetishes, bowls, boxes, cups, staffs, pots and lids, pipes, combs, tools, weapons, and musical instruments. Similar objects are also ...
- Fetisov, Vyacheslav
- Russian hockey player who was regarded as one of the best defensemen in the history of the sport. As a member of the Soviet Olympic team in the 1980s, he ...
- fetoplacental unit
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") ...are part of a second major function of the endocrine system-namely, the control of growth and development. The mammalian fetus develops in the uterus of the mother in a system ...
- Fetter Lane Society
- (from the article "Moravian church") In 1734 Moravians en route to mission work in the American colonies arrived in London and made contacts that led to the formation of the Fetter Lane Society in 1738, ...
- Fetter, Frank Albert
- American economist who was one of the pioneers of modern academic economics in the United States.
- Fetterman Massacre
- (from the article "Crazy Horse") As early as 1865 Crazy Horse was a leader in his people's defiance of U.S. plans to construct a road to the goldfields in Montana. He participated in the massacre ...
- Fetti, Domenico
- Italian Baroque painter whose best-known works are small representations of biblical parables as scenes from everyday life-e.g., The Good Samaritan. These works, which Fetti painted between 1618 ... [1 Related Articles]
- fetus
- the unborn young of any vertebrate animal, particularly of a mammal, after it has attained the basic form and structure typical of its kind. [26 Related Articles]
- Feucheres, Adrien-Victor de
- (from the article "Feucheres, Sophie Dawes, Baroness de") ...prince had her well educated not only in modern languages but in Greek and Latin. He took her to Paris and, to prevent scandal and to qualify her to be ...
- Feucheres, Sophie Dawes, Baroness de
- English adventuress, mistress of the last survivor of the princes of Conde. [1 Related Articles]
- Feuchtmayer, Joseph Anton
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...Feichtmayr was a member of the group of families from Wessobrunn in southern Bavaria that specialized in stucco work and produced a long series of masters, including Johann Georg Ubelherr ...
- Feuchtwanger, Lion
- German novelist and playwright known for his historical romances.
- feud
- (from the article "Germanic law") ...the power of the Carolingian kings of the Frankish Empire and to make the inhabitants of their own areas their vassals. These vassals held their land from the lords as ...
- feud
- a continuing state of conflict between two groups within a society (typically kinship groups) characterized by violence, usually killings and counterkillings. It exists in many nonliterate communities in which there ... [8 Related Articles]
- feudal land tenure
- system by which land was held by tenants from lords. As developed in medieval England and France, the king was lord paramount with numerous levels of lesser lords down to ... [7 Related Articles]
- feudalism
- historiographic construct designating the social, economic, and political conditions in western Europe during the early Middle Ages, the long stretch of time between the 5th and 12th centuries. Feudalism and ... [52 Related Articles]
- Feuer Peak
- (from the article "Ebensee") town, north-central Austria, where the Traun River enters Lake Traun (Traunsee) in the Salzkammergut region, south of Gmunden. Feuer Peak (5,241 feet [1,598 metres]) of the Hollen Mountains overlooks the ...
- Feuer, Cy
- American producer (b. Jan. 15, 1911, Brooklyn, N.Y.-d. May 17, 2006, New York, N.Y.), brought a number of Broadway's most notable musicals to the stage, usually in partnership with Ernest ...
- Feuerbach, Anselm
- one of the leading German painters of the mid-19th century working in a Romantic style of Classicism. [1 Related Articles]
- Feuerbach, Ludwig
- German philosopher and moralist remembered for his influence on Karl Marx and for his humanistic theologizing. [11 Related Articles]
- Feuerbach, Paul, knight von
- jurist noted for his reform of criminal law in Germany.
- Feuerstein, Reuven
- (from the article "intelligence, human") ...with others: a child sees others thinking and acting in certain ways and then internalizes and models what is seen. An elaboration of this view is the suggestion by the ...
- Feuillade, Louis
- motion-picture director whose internationally popular screen serials were the most influential French films of the period around World War I. [1 Related Articles]
- Feuillants, Club of the
- conservative political club of the French Revolution, which met in the former monastery of the Feuillants (Reformed Cistercians) near the Tuileries, in Paris. [2 Related Articles]
- Feuillere, Edwige
- French actress whose long career as a much loved and respected star of the French stage and screen saw her shine in a variety of roles, including classical, comedic, and ...
- Feuillet, Raoul-Auger
- French dancer, dancing master, and choreographer whose dance notation system was published in his Choregraphie ou l'art de decrire la danse (1700; "Choreography, or the Art of Describing the Dance"). ... [3 Related Articles]
- Feurs
- (from the article "Forez") former region of France lying on the eastern side of the Massif Central and included within the modern departement of Loire. The name is derived from that of Feurs (Forum ...
- fever
- abnormally high bodily temperature or a disease of which an abnormally high temperature is characteristic. Although most often associated with infection, fever is also observed in other pathologic states, such ... [6 Related Articles]
- feverfew
- (from the article "Chrysanthemum") ...balsamita); pyrethrum (C. coccineum); Marguerite, or Paris daisy (C. frutescens); Shasta daisy (hybrid forms of C. maximum); florists' chrysanthemum (C. morifolium); feverfew (C. parthenium); corn marigold (C. segetum); and tansy ...
- Feversham, Louis de Durfort, 2nd earl of, Viscount Sondes Of Lees Court, Baron Duras Of Holdenby, Baron Of Throwley, Marquis De Blanquefort
- French-born soldier who played a notable role in military and diplomatic affairs in England under Charles II and James II. [1 Related Articles]
- feverwort
- any of the four North American plant species of the genus Triosteum, all coarse perennials belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae. Several other species of the genus are East Asian. The ...
- Fevin, Antoine de
- (from the article "choral music") ...could usually count on being given adequate warning of a new commission. The meeting of Louis XII of France and Ferdinand V the Catholic of Castile at Savona in 1507, ...
- Fey, Tina
- American comedian, writer, and actress whose work on the television shows Saturday Night Live (SNL; 1997-2006) and 30 Rock (2006- ) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Feydeau, Georges
- French dramatist whose farces delighted Parisian audiences in the years immediately prior to World War I and are still regularly performed.
- Feyder, Jacques
- popular French motion-picture director of the 1920s and '30s whose films are imbued with a sympathy for the common man and an attempt at psychological interpretation of character. His sharp ...
- Feyerabend, Paul Karl
- (from the article "science, philosophy of") The historicist critique was initiated by the philosophers N.R. Hanson (1924-67), Stephen Toulmin, Paul Feyerabend (1924-94), and Thomas Kuhn. Although these authors differed on many points, they shared the view ...
- Feynman diagram
- a graphical method of representing the interactions of elementary particles, invented in the 1940s and '50s by the American theoretical physicist Richard P. Feynman. Introduced during the development of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Feynman, Richard P.
- American theoretical physicist who was widely regarded as the most brilliant, influential, and iconoclastic figure in his field in the post-World War II era. [9 Related Articles]
- Feyzabad
- town, northeastern Afghanistan. It lies along the Kowkcheh River, at 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above sea level. Feyzabad was destroyed by Morad Beg of Qonduz in 1821 and its inhabitants ...
- Feyzullah
- (from the article "Mustafa II") ...in local revolts in eastern Anatolia and among the Arab tribes of Syria and Iraq. Disillusioned by the defeat at Senta, Mustafa left most matters of state to the leader ...
- fez
- (from the article "hat") In India the so-called Gandhi cap (a type frequently seen on Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru), the fez, and variously styled turbans are in general use. In Latin America and in ...
- Fezzan
- historic region of northern Africa and until 1963 one of the three provinces of the United Kingdom of Libya. It is part of the Sahara (desert) and now constitutes the ... [1 Related Articles]
- FF-1
- (from the article "Grumman, Leroy Randle") ...later as a test pilot. Following World War I he worked for the Loening Aeronautical Engineering Corp., but in 1929 he founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation on Long Island, ...
- Ffrangcon-Davies, Dame Gwen
- English actress who became a legend on the classical British stage during her 80-year-long acting career.
- fiacre
- French coach for hire, named for the Hotel Saint-Fiacre, in Paris, where it was introduced in the 1640s. The first fiacres were boxlike, four-wheeled, open, hooded vehicles that were drawn ...
- Fialho de Almeida, Jose Valentim
- Portuguese short-story writer and political essayist of the realist-naturalist period.
- fiambre
- (from the article "Guatemala") ...Day on November 1 with unique traditions: giant kites are flown in the cemeteries near Antigua Guatemala, and many Guatemalans feast on a traditional food known as
- Fiammetta
- (from the article "Boccaccio, Giovanni") These years in Naples, moreover, were the years of Boccaccio's love for Fiammetta, whose person dominates all his literary activity up to the Decameron, in which there also appears a ...
- Fianarantsoa
- town, east-central Madagascar. The town was founded in 1830. It lies on the eastern fringe of a forested escarpment at an average elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) and consists ...
- fianchettoed bishop
- (from the article "chess") ...1 e4 or 1 d4. Reti often began a game with 1 Nf3 and did not advance more than one pawn past the third before the middlegame had begun. Instead, ...
- Fianna Fail
- the dominant political party in the Republic of Ireland since the 1930s. [14 Related Articles]
- fiat money
- (from the article "bank") The chief feature that distinguishes central banks from commercial banks is their ability to issue irredeemable or "fiat" paper notes, which in most nations are the only available form of ...
- Fiat SpA
- international holding company and major Italian manufacturer of automobiles, trucks, and industrial vehicles and components. It is the largest family-owned corporation in Italy. Headquarters are in Turin. [13 Related Articles]
- Fibiger, Johannes
- Danish pathologist who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1926 for achieving the first controlled induction of cancer in laboratory animals, a development of profound importance to ...
- Fibonacci generator
- (from the article "cryptology") One class of electronic devices that function similar to rotors is the Fibonacci generator (also called the Koken generator after its inventor), named for the Fibonacci sequence of number theory. ...
- Fibonacci numbers
- the elements of the sequence of numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, &elipsis;, each of which, after the second, is the sum of the two previous numbers. ... [4 Related Articles]
- fibre
- (from the article "sclerenchyma") ...of support in plants. Mature sclerenchyma cells are dead cells that have heavily thickened walls containing lignin. Such cells occur in many different shapes and sizes, but two main types ...
- fibre
- (from the article "respiration, human") ...alveolar wall, called the interalveolar septum, is common to two adjacent alveoli. It contains a dense network of capillaries, the smallest of the blood vessels, and a skeleton of connective ...
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