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feriae: ancient Roman festival days during which the gods were honoured and all business, especially lawsuits, was suspended. Feriae were of two types: feriae privatae ...
Feriae Conceptivae: (from the article "Roman religion") ...to Jupiter, and the Kalends of March, which belonged to Mars. Famous examples of Feriae Publicae were the Lupercalia (February 15) and Saturnalia (December 17, later extended). There were also ...
Feriae Latinae: in Roman religion, the Festival of Jupiter Latiaris (Latialis), held in the spring and fall each year on Mons Albanus (Monte Cavo), in the Alban Hills near Rome. Apparently antedating ... [1 Related Articles]
feriae privatae: (from the article "feriae") ...festival days during which the gods were honoured and all business, especially lawsuits, was suspended. Feriae were of two types: feriae privatae and
feriae publicae: (from the article "feriae") ...all business, especially lawsuits, was suspended. Feriae were of two types: feriae privatae and feriae publicae. The feriae ...
Ferio: (from the article "logic, history of") First figure:Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio,
Ferison: (from the article "logic, history of") Bocardo, Ferison.
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence: American poet, one of the founders of the Beat movement in San Francisco in the mid-1950s. His City Lights bookshop was an early gathering place of the Beats, and the ... [1 Related Articles]
Ferlo: relict river valley and region of interior northern Senegal. It lies south of the fertile valley of the Senegal River and the Fouta region and east of the peanut (groundnut) ... [1 Related Articles]
Fermanagh: district, extreme southwestern Northern Ireland. Formerly a county, Fermanagh was established as a district (within the same boundaries) in 1973. It is bounded by the districts of Dungannon and Omagh ... [1 Related Articles]
Fermat prime: prime number of the form 2^2ⁿ + 1, for some positive integer n. For example, 2^2³ + 1 = 2⁸ + 1 = 257 is a Fermat prime. On the basis of his knowledge that numbers of this form are ... [2 Related Articles]
Fermat's hyperbola: (from the article "Fermat, Pierre de") ...xy = a², to the form a^{n - 1}y = xⁿ. The curves determined by this equation are known as the parabolas or hyperbolas of Fermat according as n is ...
Fermat's last theorem: the statement that there are no natural numbers (1, 2, 3, &elipsis;) x, y, and z such that xⁿ + yⁿ = zⁿ, in which n is a natural number greater than 2. For ... [8 Related Articles]
Fermat's lesser theorem: (from the article "Fermat, Pierre de") ...themselves). One of the most elegant of these had been the theorem that every prime of the form 4n + 1 is uniquely expressible as the sum of two squares. ...
Fermat's parabola: (from the article "Fermat, Pierre de") ...hyperbola xy = a², to the form a^{n - 1}y = xⁿ. The curves determined by this equation are known as the parabolas or hyperbolas of Fermat according as n ...
Fermat's principle: in optics, statement that light traveling between two points seeks a path such that the number of waves (the optical length between the points) is equal, in the first approximation, ... [2 Related Articles]
Fermat's spiral: (from the article "Fermat, Pierre de") ...The curves determined by this equation are known as the parabolas or hyperbolas of Fermat according as n is positive or negative. He similarly generalized the Archimedean spiral r = ...
Fermat, Pierre de: French mathematician who is often called the founder of the modern theory of numbers. Together with Rene Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half ... [12 Related Articles]
fermentation: originally, the foaming that occurs during the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10,000 years old. That the frothing results from the evolution of carbon dioxide gas ... [34 Related Articles]
Fermi decay: (from the article "radioactivity") ...work showed that neutron beta decay partly proceeds with the 12 ℏ spins of beta and neutrino adding to one unit of ℏ. The former process is known as Fermi ...
Fermi energy: (from the article "Fermi level") ...physicist who first proposed it. It is important in determining the electrical and thermal properties of solids. The value of the Fermi level at absolute zero (−273.15 °C) is called ...
Fermi level: a measure of the energy of the least tightly held electrons within a solid, named for Enrico Fermi, the physicist who first proposed it. It is important in determining the ... [3 Related Articles]
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: U.S. national particle-accelerator laboratory and centre for particle-physics research, located in Batavia, Illinois, about 43 km (27 miles) west of Chicago. The facility is operated for the U.S. Department of ... [9 Related Articles]
Fermi paradox: (from the article "Fermi, Enrico") ...pi mesons and muons, after returning to Chicago. He was also known as a superb teacher, and many of his lectures are still in print. During his later years he ...
Fermi sphere: (from the article "Fermi surface") ...reflects the arrangement of atoms within a solid and is thus a guide to the properties of the material. In some metals, such as sodium and lithium, the Fermi surface ...
Fermi surface: in solid-state physics, abstract interface that defines the allowable energies of electrons in a solid. Named for Enrico Fermi, who along with P.A.M. Dirac developed the statistical theory of electrons, ... [1 Related Articles]
Fermi, Enrico: Italian-born American scientist who was one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. He developed the mathematical statistics required to clarify a large class of subatomic phenomena, explored nuclear ... [18 Related Articles]
Fermi-Dirac statistics: in quantum mechanics, one of two possible ways in which a system of indistinguishable particles can be distributed among a set of energy states: each of the available discrete states ... [4 Related Articles]
fermier-general: (from the article "Paris") In the second half of the 18th century, a new wall was begun. The wall was built with 57 tollhouses to enable the farmers-general, a company of tax "farmers," or ...
fermion: any member of a group of subatomic particles having odd half-integral angular momentum (spin 12, 32), named for the Fermi-Dirac statistics that describe its behaviour. Fermions include particles in the ... [14 Related Articles]
fermium: (Fm), synthetic chemical element of the actinoid series of the periodic table, atomic number 100. Fermium (as the isotope fermium-255) is produced by the intense neutron irradiation of uranium-238 and ... [2 Related Articles]
fermium-256: (from the article "spontaneous fission") ...these nuclides, those with lower mass numbers generally have longer half-lives. Uranium-238 has a half-life of about 10¹⁶ years when it decays by spontaneous fission, whereas fermium-256 decays with a ...
Fermo: town and archiepiscopal see, Marche regione, Italy. It is situated on a hill overlooking the Tenna River, near the Adriatic Sea. An ancient stronghold (Firmum Picenum) of the Picenes (early ...
fern: any of several nonflowering vascular plants that possess true roots, stems, and complex leaves and that reproduce by spores. They belong to the lower vascular plant division Pteridophyta, having leaves ... [10 Related Articles]
fern moss: (genus Thuidium), any of several species of plants (subclass Bryidae) that form mats in grassy areas and on soil, rocks, logs, and tree bases throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Fewer than ...
Fern University: (from the article "Hagen") ...include the manufacture of specialized steel, machinery, chemicals, industrial fittings, vehicle axles, and pollution-abatement equipment. Hagen is the site of several technical colleges, including Fern University (founded 1974), Germany's first ...
Fernaig manuscript: (from the article "Celtic literature") ...to the MacDonalds of Clanranald. They were probably written for the most part in the 17th century but contained poems by earlier representatives of the family. The other important document ...
Fernald, Merritt Lyndon: American botanist noted for his comprehensive study of the flora of the northeastern United States.
Fernan Gonzalez: (from the article "Castile") ...Castile expanded during the 9th century but remained a fragmented collection of petty counties, whose rulers were nominated by the kings of Asturias and Leon, until the counties were united ...
Fernandel: French comedian whose visual trademarks were comic facial contortions and a wide, toothy grin.
Fernandes, Alvaro: Portuguese sea captain, one of Prince Henry the Navigator's explorers of West Africa.
Fernandes, Antonio: Portuguese explorer in central Africa. [1 Related Articles]
Fernandes, Joao: Portuguese traveler to West Africa whose seven-month stay among the nomads of Rio de Oro (later in the Spanish Sahara) supplied Prince Henry the Navigator with intelligence for advancing the ...
Fernandez Alonso, Severo: (from the article "Bolivia") ...silver magnates themselves (Gregorio Pacheco, 1884-88; Aniceto Arce, 1888-92) or closely associated with such magnates as partners or representatives (Mariano Baptista, 1892-96; Severo Fernandez Alonso, 1896-99), the Liberals and subsequent ...
Fernandez de Avellaneda, Alonso: probably the pseudonym of the otherwise unknown author of Segundo tomo del ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (1614; "Second Book of the Ingenious Knight Don Quixote of La ... [1 Related Articles]
Fernandez de Cordoba, Gonzalo: Spanish military leader renowned for his exploits in southern Italy. [4 Related Articles]
Fernandez de Kirchner, Cristina: Argentinian lawyer and politician who in 2007 became the first female elected president of Argentina. She succeeded her husband, Nestor Kirchner, who had served as president from 2003 to 2007. [7 Related Articles]
Fernandez de Lizardi, Jose Joaquin: Mexican editor, pamphleteer, and novelist, a leading literary figure in Mexico's national liberation movement. [1 Related Articles]
Fernandez de Moratin, Leandro: dramatist and poet, the most influential Neoclassic literary figure of the Spanish Enlightenment. [1 Related Articles]
Fernandez de Navarrete, Juan: painter of the Spanish Mannerist school. He studied in Italy, mostly in Venice, where he was influenced by Sebastiano del Piombo, Tintoretto, and Titian. In 1568 he was appointed painter ...
Fernandez de Quiros, Pedro: (from the article "Banks Islands") ...group in northern Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean. The group includes the islands of Vanua Lava, Santa Maria (Gaua), Mota, and Mota Lava, as well as numerous islets. The Portuguese navigator ...
Fernandez de Santa Cruz, Manuel: (from the article "Cruz, Sor Juana Ines de la") ...he had publicly maligned her. The nun's privileged situation began definitively to collapse after the departure for Spain of her protectors, the marquis and marquise de la Laguna. In November ...
Fernandez Guardia, Ricardo: (from the article "Costa Rica") ...since 1971, with the ensemble playing large halls and also taking music to the countryside. Costa Ricans have been marginally active in the field of literature. Roberto Brenes Mesen and ...
Fernandez Retamar, Roberto: Cuban poet, essayist, and literary critic and cultural spokesman for the regime of Fidel Castro.
Fernandez Reyna, Leonel: politician who served as president of the Dominican Republic (1996-2000; 2004- ). [6 Related Articles]
Fernandez, Juan: (from the article "Huerta, Dolores") When Huerta was a child she moved to Stockton, California, with her mother and siblings after her parents' divorce. She remained in touch with her father, Juan Fernandez, and took ...
Fernandez, Juan: navigator in the service of Spain who in 1563 sailed from Callao, Peru, to Valparaiso, Chile, in 30 days, a remarkable feat that gained him the title of [1 Related Articles]
Fernandez, Lola: (from the article "Latin American art") ...between these intuitive abstractions and the more carefully plotted geometric shapes of such "formalist" artists as Torres-Garcia. Beginning about 1960 the Costa Rican artist Lola Fernandez and some of her ...
Fernandez, Lucas: Spanish dramatist and musician, whose plays are notable for their effective dialogue, simple humour, and skillful use of interpolated songs and music.
Fernandez-Muro, Jose Antonio: (from the article "Latin American art") ...relief, by Gunther Gerzso of Mexico, whose geometric constructs took on a biomorphic presence in the late 1950s and '60s. In roughly the same period the work of the Argentine ...
Fernandina Beach: city, seat (1824) of Nassau county, extreme northeastern Florida, U.S. It is situated on Amelia Island (one of the Sea Islands), just south of the Georgia border and near the ...
Fernandina Island: one of the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 600 mi (965 km) west of Ecuador. Third largest of the islands, with an area of 245 ...
Fernandino: (from the article "Equatorial Guinea") ...most of them Fang, have flocked to the island since the mid-1960s, seeking to join the civil or military forces or to receive political patronage. In addition to these two ...
Fernandino: (from the article "Gabrielino") ...as the islands of Santa Catalina and San Clemente; they were named after the Franciscan mission San Gabriel Arcangel (and thus have sometimes been called San Gabrielinos). The second group, ...
Fernando de Noronha Island: island, South Atlantic Ocean, 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Cape Sao Roque; with its adjacent islets it constitutes part of Pernambuco estado (state), Brazil. The main ...
Fernando II: (from the article "Portugal") ...father had been openhanded and negligent. At his reign's first Cortes, John exacted a detailed oath of homage that displeased his greatest vassals. A suspicion of conspiracy enabled him to ...
Fernando Ortiz Foundation: (from the article "Ortiz, Fernando") In 1995 the Foundation Fernando Ortiz was created in Havana for the preservation of his legacy and the continuation of the studies that he started, especially those of Afro-Cuban culture.significance ...
Ferne, Sir John: (from the article "heraldry") ...Albans (1486) by Juliana Berners, and yet, by comparison with the vast mass of nonsense contained in the folios of the 16th century, such conceits were not entirely unreasonable. The ...
Ferocactus: (from the article "barrel cactus") name for a group of more or less barrel-shaped cacti, family Cactaceae, native to North and South America. It is most often used for two large-stemmed North American genera, Ferocactus ...
Ferrabosco, Alfonso, I: Italian composer known for his madrigals, motets, and lute music. The son of a singer and composer, Domenico Maria Ferrabosco, he settled in England in 1562. He traveled abroad on ...
Ferrabosco, Alfonso, II: English composer, viol player, and lutenist, known especially for his music for viol. The illegitimate son of the composer Alfonso Ferrabosco I, he was educated in music at the expense ...
Ferrabosco, Pietro: (from the article "Western architecture") ...Ionic half columns with deeply recessed arched openings. Several castles or large houses like that at Opocno (1560-67) or of Bucovice (1566-87), designed by the Italian Pietro Ferrabosco, had spacious ...
Ferradaz, Ibrahim: (from the article "Cuba") ...of the armed forces. Military expenditures increased by an estimated 9%, and the government took steps to curtail self-employment and other independent economic activity. Minister of Tourism Ibrahim Ferradaz and ...
Ferragamo, Fiamma di San Giuliano: Italian designer who helped turn her family's shoe business into one of the most famous in the world of high fashion; her Vara model, a low-heeled pump that sported grosgrain ...
Ferralsol: one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Ferralsols are red and yellow weathered soils whose colours result from an accumulation ...
Ferranti Mark I: (from the article "computer") ...value. Four months after the Baby first worked, the British government contracted the electronics firm of Ferranti to build a production computer based on the prospective Mark I. This became ...
Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de: British electrical engineer who promoted the installation of large electrical generating stations and alternating-current distribution networks in England.
Ferranti-Thomson dynamo: (from the article "Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de") ...William Siemens in experiments with electric furnaces and dynamos. By the age of 18 he patented an alternator that was later found to have been anticipated by Sir William Thomson ...
Ferrar, Nicholas: Anglican clergyman, founder and director of a celebrated Christian community devoted to spiritual discipline and social service. Ferrar was also a friend of the English devotional poet George Herbert and ... [1 Related Articles]
Ferrar, W. H.: (from the article "biblical literature") ...Family 1:1, 118, 131, and 209 (from the 12th to 14th centuries) that have a text type similar to that of Theta, a 3rd-4th-century Caesarean type. At the end of ...
Ferrara: city, northeastern Emilia-Romagna regione (region), northern Italy, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the Po River, northeast of Bologna. Although it is believed to ... [5 Related Articles]
Ferrara-Florence, Council of: ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church (1438-45) in which the Latin and Greek churches tried to reach agreement on their doctrinal differences and end the schism between them. The ... [10 Related Articles]
Ferrari Hardoy, Jorge: (from the article "Latin American architecture") After working in Le Corbusier's atelier in Paris, Antonio Bonet returned to Buenos Aires and formed the "Austral" group in 1938 with Jorge Ferrari Hardoy, Juan Kurchan, Horacio Vera Barros, ...
Ferrari SpA: (from the article "Automobile Racing") ...to become the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Formula 1 (F1) world drivers' champion took several unexpected turns in 2007 as veteran driver Kimi Raikkonen (Ferrari) of Finland faced off ...
Ferrari, Enzo: Italian automobile manufacturer, designer, and racing-car driver whose Ferrari cars often dominated world racing competition in the second half of the 20th century.
Ferrari, Gaudenzio: (from the article "Varallo") ...It lies along the Sesia River, 31 miles (50 km) northwest of Novara. The town is rich in art and churches, among which are San Gaudenzio (restored 1710), with a ...
Ferrari, Giuseppe: Italian historian and political philosopher who is best known for his study of Italian revolutions.
Ferrari, Lodovico: Italian mathematician who was the first to find an algebraic solution to the biquadratic, or quartic, equation (an algebraic equation that contains the fourth power of the unknown quantity but ...
Ferrari, P. Giovanni Battista: (from the article "floral decoration") ...and dried by hanging them upside down in a dark, dry place for several weeks. Flowers may also be individually dried using one of several techniques. A 17th-century Italian writer ...
Ferrari, Vanessa: (from the article "Gymnastics") ...world championships team title, followed by the defending champion U.S. (181.350 points) and Russia (177.325 points). Three women earned their respective countries' first gymnastics gold. Italy's Vanessa Ferrari captured the ...
Ferrari, William: (from the article "1944: Other Winners") ...Screenplay: Lamar Trotti for WilsonCinematography, Black-and-White: Joseph LaShelle for LauraCinematography, Color: Leon Shamroy for WilsonArt Direction, Black-and-White: William Ferrari and Cedric Gibbons for GaslightArt Direction, Color: Wiard Ihnen for WilsonMusic ...
Ferraris, Galileo: Italian physicist who established the basic principle of the induction motor, which is now the principal device for the conversion of electrical power to mechanical power.
Ferraro, Geraldine A.: American politician who became the first woman to be nominated for vice president by a major political party in the United States. [3 Related Articles]
Ferrat, Cape: (from the article "Villefranche-sur-Mer") ...immediately east of Nice, the town is dominated by Mount Boron. It is connected by a corniche (cliffside) road with Beaulieu to the east and with Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat to the southeast ...
Ferre, Charles-Theophile: French revolutionary figure, a follower of the ideology of Auguste Blanqui, who served as director of police during the Paris Commune revolt (1871).
Ferre, Gianfranco: Italian fashion designer earned the nickname "L'architetto" ("architect of fashion") after he applied his architecture degree (1969) from Milan's Polytechnic Institute to the design of sculptural, carefully constructed couture, ready-to-wear, ... [1 Related Articles]
Ferre, Luis A.: governor of Puerto Rico (1969-73) and founder of the New Progressive Party. [2 Related Articles]
Ferre, Rosario: short-story writer, novelist, critic, and professor, one of the leading women authors in contemporary Latin America. She wrote the bulk of her work in her native Spanish, but in 1995 ...
Ferre, Sister M. Isolina: Puerto Rican Roman Catholic nun (b. 1914, Ponce, Puerto Rico-d. Aug. 3, 2000, Ponce), used her family's influence as wealthy owners of two leading Puerto Rican newspapers as well as ...
ferredoxin: (from the article "photosynthesis") ...copper- and iron-containing proteins function in electron transport between water and the final electron-acceptor molecule of the light stage of photosynthesis, an iron-containing protein called ferredoxin. Ferredoxin is a soluble ...
ferreed switch: (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...No. 1 ESS. The No. 1 ESS differed somewhat in architecture from the trial model. In place of the gas-tube crosspoint switch elements, the No. 1 ESS employed a special ...