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fecal incontinence ... Federation Internationale de Skibob

fecal incontinence: (from the article "defecation") Defecation can be totally involuntary, or it may be under voluntary control. Incontinence-the loss of control over the evacuative process-can develop with age; it may also result from surgical, obstetric, ...
fecal occult blood test: (from the article "diagnosis") The tests most commonly performed on feces are the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), stool cultures, and the examination for parasites. The fecal occult blood test is a low-cost method ...
fecal softener: (from the article "laxative") ...a normal stimulus for contraction of the muscle, which leads to defecation. Saline purgatives include magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), and magnesium citrate. Fecal softeners make ...
fecal-oral route: (from the article "polio") ...a member of a group known as enteroviruses that inhabits the human digestive tract. (Human beings are the only known hosts of the poliovirus.) The virus enters the body most ...
fecalith: (from the article "appendix") ...into the structure. If anything blocks the opening of the appendix or prevents it from expelling its contents into the cecum, appendicitis may occur. The most common obstruction in the ...
Fecamp: seaside resort and fishing port of northern France, Seine-Maritime departement, Haute-Normandie region, northeast of Le Havre. It lies at the opening of the valley ...
feces: solid bodily waste discharged from the large intestine through the anus during defecation. Feces are normally removed from the body one or two times a day. About 100 to 250 ... [5 Related Articles]
Fechner, Gustav Theodor: German physicist and philosopher who was a key figure in the founding of psychophysics, the science concerned with quantitative relations between sensations and the stimuli producing them. [7 Related Articles]
Fechter, Charles: (from the article "theatre") ...from drama. In the period from 1860 to 1880, the theatre continued to expand, and the number of buildings alone increased 50 percent in the first 10 years. The first ...
Feckenham, John de: English priest and the last abbot of Westminster.
fecundity: (from the article "myth") ...with the appropriate animal and vegetative characteristics, is the principle of inexhaustible vitality. The god frequently has a human consort who participates in a sacred marriage in order to gain ...
Fed Cup: trophy representing the women's amateur team-tennis championship of the world, inaugurated in 1963 by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in observance of its 50th anniversary. The first competition, an elimination ... [3 Related Articles]
fedayee: a term used in Islamic cultures to describe a devotee of a religious or national group willing to engage in self-immolation to attain a group goal. The term first appeared ... [1 Related Articles]
Fedayeen Saddam: (from the article "fedayee") ...effort to reestablish Arab hegemony in historic Palestine. In the mid-1990s the name was adopted by a militia organization attached to Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein; members of Fedayeen Saddam (Fida'i ...
Fedchenko Glacier: extensive valley glacier, situated in the Central Asian Pamirs range, central Tajikistan. The world's largest glacier found outside the polar regions, it is about 45 miles (70 km) long and ... [1 Related Articles]
Fedchenko, Alexei Pavlovich: (from the article "Fedchenko Glacier") The glacier was discovered in 1878 and named for the 19th-century Russian explorer A.P. Fedchenko. Its middle and upper reaches were first explored in 1928 as part of a major ...
Fedeli, Compagnia dei: one of several Italian companies performing commedia dell'arte (improvised popular comedy) at the beginning of the 17th century. The name means "company of the faithful." The Fedeli was a successor ... [1 Related Articles]
Feder, Abraham Hyman: American lighting designer who provided illumination for both buildings and theatrical productions for over 50 years; his trademark, Lighting by Feder, came to represent the highest standards in theatrical lighting ...
Feder, Gottfried: German political activist who was the principal economic theoretician of the initial phase of German Nazism.
Federal Administrative Court: (from the article "administrative law") ...system of special administrative courts. In the states, or Lander, there are lower administrative courts and superior administrative courts, and for the federation there is the Federal Administrative Court, which ...
Federal Advisory Council: (from the article "Federal Reserve System") ...which Pres. Woodrow Wilson signed into law on Dec. 23, 1913. It consists of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal ...
Federal Aid Highway Act: (from the article "roads and highways") ...1892 a national Good Roads movement had lobbied for a system of national roads joining the major population centres and contributing to the national economy. This point of view was ...
Federal Aid Highway Act: (from the article "roads and highways") ...in the 1950s for a better road system. These pressures culminated in the establishment by President Dwight Eisenhower of the Clay Committee in 1954. Following this committee's recommendations, the Federal ...
Federal Aid Road Act: (from the article "roads and highways") ...and by 1920 all states had their own road organization. However, there was little coordination among the states. National funding began in 1912 with the Post Office Appropriation Act, and ...
Federal Assembly: (from the article "Russia") Under the new constitution the Federal Assembly became the country's legislature. It consists of the Federation Council (an upper house in which each of Russia's administrative divisions has two representatives) ...
Federal Aviation Administration: (from the article "traffic control") ...operating practices, and requirements for continuing training to retain certification to operate. Examples include federal aviation authorities that oversee pilot training (e.g., the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration); road agencies that ...
Federal Building: (from the article "Architecture") ...attain a so-called LEED ("leadership in energy and environmental design") rating from the U.S. Green Building Council. One notable new green building in the United States was the Federal Building ...
Federal Bureau of Investigation: principal investigative agency of the federal government of the United States. The bureau is responsible for conducting investigations in cases where federal laws may have been violated, unless another agency ... [15 Related Articles]
Federal Communications Commission: (from the article "Media and Publishing") ...network debuted in September with a fall season that offered its forebearers' strongest shows along with a few new contenders. American television networks faced an aggressive stance from the U.S. ...
Federal Constitutional Court: in Germany, special court for the review of judicial and administrative decisions and legislation to determine whether they are in accord with the Basic Law (constitution) of the country. Although ... [5 Related Articles]
Federal Council: (from the article "Christian Democratic People's Party") From 1959 to 2003 the party held two of the seven seats on the Federal Council, the executive branch of the Swiss government. Since the 1960s the party's level of ...
Federal Council of Evangelical Churches: (from the article "free church") ...communions in England that convened the first Free Church Congress in 1892 and combined in 1896 to form the National Council of the Evangelical Free Churches. In 1940 this group ...
federal court system: (from the article "Ellsworth, Oliver") ...North Carolina, helped devise the government of the territory south of the Ohio River, and drafted the first bill regulating the consular service. He was chairman of the committee to ...
Federal Crime Agency: (from the article "Germany") ...the Protection of the Constitution (Bundesamt fur Verfassungsshutz; BfV), headquartered in Cologne, which compiles information regarding threats posed to security by domestic groups; and the Federal Criminal Investigation Office (Bundeskriminalamt), ...
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: independent U.S. government corporation created under authority of the Banking Act of 1933 (also known as the Glass-Steagall Act), with the responsibility to insure bank deposits in eligible banks against ... [2 Related Articles]
Federal District: administrative district, central Mexico, the seat of the national government. It is officially equivalent with Mexico City, although the Mexico City metropolitan area extends beyond the district's boundaries. It is ... [2 Related Articles]
Federal Election Campaign Act: (from the article "political action committee") ...individuals and channel the resulting funds to candidates for elective offices in the federal government, primarily in the House of Representatives and the Senate. PACs rose to prominence after the ...
Federal Election Commission: (from the article "presidency of the United States of America") ...much of the early media coverage of a presidential campaign focuses on fund-raising, particularly at the end of each quarter, when the candidates are required to file financial reports with ...
Federal Electoral Institute: (from the article "Mexico") ...2006 presidential race, also approved a law that sharply limited private campaign spending and restricted parties' television and radio spots to government-provided airtime closely regulated by the Federal Electoral Institute ...
Federal Emergency Management Agency: (from the article "Preparing for Emergencies") In 1979 the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was created in order to centralize emergency management functions at the federal level. The priority at the time still was preparing for ...
Federal Emergency Relief Administration: (from the article "Roosevelt, Franklin D.") ...included relief and reform measures, the former referring to short-term payments to individuals to alleviate hardship, the latter to long-range programs aimed at eliminating economic abuses. The Federal Emergency Relief ...
Federal Employee Loyalty Program: (from the article "United States") ...communists, called "reds," had infiltrated the government. These accusations were made despite Truman's strongly anticommunist foreign policy and his creation, in 1947, of an elaborate Federal Employee Loyalty Program, which ...
Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act: (from the article "Environmental Protection Agency") ...transferred to the new agency. The EPA was initially charged with the administration of the Clean Air Act (1970), enacted to abate air pollution primarily from industries and motor vehicles; ...
Federal Express: (from the article "airport") An area of very fast growth in the air-cargo business is specialized movement by integrated carriers such as the U.S.-based FedEx Corporation, which offer door-to-door delivery of small packages at ...
Federal Food and Drugs Act: (from the article "Ladies' Home Journal") ...for its attention to social causes. It refused, for example, to advertise patent medicines, and its subsequent muckraking campaign against those products helped bring about the passage of the U.S. ...
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: (from the article "Food and Drug Administration") ...known as the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration when it was formed as a separate law enforcement agency in 1927, the FDA derives the greater part of its regulatory power ...
Federal Home Loan Bank Act: (from the article "United States") ...At the same time, in January 1932, new capital was arranged for federal land banks. The Glass-Steagall Act provided gold to meet foreign withdrawals and liberalized Federal Reserve credit. The ...
Federal Home Loan Bank Board: (from the article "savings and loan association") Under a ruling of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, which regulates federally chartered savings and loan associations, associations need not rely only on individual deposits for funds. They can ...
Federal Housing Administration: (from the article "United States") ...provided jobs on long-term construction projects, and the Civilian Conservation Corps put 2,500,000 young men to work planting or otherwise improving huge tracts of forestland. For homeowners, the Federal Housing ...
Federal Housing Finance Agency: (from the article "Fannie Mae") ...Enterprise Oversight assumed additional regulatory responsibilities for both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in 1992. In 2007 the Federal Housing Reform Act transferred these responsibilities to the new Federal Housing ...
Federal Housing Reform Act: (from the article "Fannie Mae") ...and Urban Development (HUD). HUD and its Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight assumed additional regulatory responsibilities for both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in 1992. In 2007 the Federal ...
Federal Institute of Technology: (from the article "Zurich") In the mid-19th century the University of Zurich (1833), maintained by the canton, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (1855) were founded. The University of Zurich was the first ...
Federal Insurance Supervisory Authority: (from the article "insurance") ...regulation in all countries. In European countries insurance regulation is a mixture of central and local controls. In Germany central authority over insurance regulation is provided by the Federal Insurance ...
Federal Judiciary Act: (from the article "Ellsworth, Oliver") ...the territory south of the Ohio River, and drafted the first bill regulating the consular service. He was chairman of the committee to establish the federal court system and the ...
Federal Land Policy and Management Act: (from the article "natural resources law") ...an administrative agency, which is given jurisdiction over defined areas. Management mandates may vary from open-ended promotion of multiple uses of the resource complex. One example of this is the ...
Federal League: (from the article "Landis, Kenesaw Mountain") In 1915 the Federal League, a "third major league" operating outside the structure of organized professional baseball, brought suit against the American and National leagues. The case came before Landis, ...
Federal Loan Agency: (from the article "Jones, Jesse H(olman)") Jones resigned as RFC chairman in 1939 in order to accept appointment as director of the Federal Loan Agency. While continuing, effectively if not nominally, to superintend the former agency, ...
Federal National Council: (from the article "United Arab Emirates") ...al-Maktum. (See Obituaries.) Much attention during the rest of the year was focused on the country's first elections, on December 16, in which half of the 40-member ...
Federal Open Market Committee: (from the article "Economic Affairs") The Federal Reserve (Fed) set the more cautious tone by raising short-term interest rates eight times during the year in order to relieve emerging inflationary pressures. The rate-setting Federal Open ...
Federal Pact: (from the article "Sonderbund") In 1841 the government of the Aargau canton decreed the dissolution of the Catholic monasteries in its territory, despite the fact that the Federal Pact (constitution of 1815) had guaranteed ...
Federal Policy Committee: (from the article "Liberal Democrats") ...In policy making, the Federal Conference, which meets twice a year, is formally sovereign, though much of the decisive influence over policy proposals put before conference is wielded by the ...
Federal Records Act: (from the article "archives") ...of the interior, which reflect the earlier divisions of the country. In the United States the National Archives was established in 1934 to house the retired records of the national ...
Federal Reserve Act: (from the article "Wilson, Woodrow") ...Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Wilson's second victory came when, after months of complicated debate and bargaining over banking and currency reform, Congress passed the act creating the Federal Reserve ...
Federal Reserve Bank of New York: (from the article "Great Depression") ...in the classic study A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 (1963), argued that the death in 1928 of Benjamin Strong, who had been the governor ...
Federal Reserve Board: (from the article "Subprime Mortgages: A Catalyst for Global Chaos") ...banking system. It injected euro130 billion (about $179 billion) in order to avert a potential liquidity crisis when overnight interest rates rose to 4.7%, exceeding the 4% cap. The Fed ...
Federal Reserve System: central banking authority of the United States. It acts as a fiscal agent for the U.S. government, is custodian of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial ... [8 Related Articles]
Federal Revolution of 1899: (from the article "Bolivia") The Liberals thus inherited an economically expanding country when they seized power from the Conservatives in the so-called Federal Revolution of 1899. This revolt was supposedly instigated by those wishing ...
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: (from the article "indictment") In the United States, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (1946), applicable to federal district courts, provide that the indictment "shall be a plain, concise, and definite written statement of ...
Federal Security Force: (from the article "Pakistan") As prime minister, Bhutto demanded nothing less than absolute power, and, increasingly suspicious of those around him, he formed the Federal Security Force (FSF), the principal task of which was ...
Federal Security Service: Russian internal security and counterintelligence service created in 1994 as one of the successor agencies of the Soviet-era KGB. It is responsible for counterintelligence, antiterrorism, and surveillance of the military. ... [3 Related Articles]
Federal Senate: (from the article "Brazil") The 81-seat Federal Senate is composed of three representatives from each state and the Federal District who serve eight-year terms. Senatorial elections are held every four years, alternating between one-third ...
Federal Shariat Court: (from the article "Pakistan") ...dimension; a reorientation to Islamic tenets and values was designed to make legal redress inexpensive and accessible to all persons. A complete code of Islamic laws was instituted, and the ...
federal state: (from the article "political system") In federal systems, political authority is divided between two autonomous sets of governments, one national and the other subnational, both of which operate directly upon the people. Usually a constitutional ...
Federal style: American revival of Roman architecture, especially associated with Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Latrobe. It flourished from 1785 to 1820 and later in governmental building. The Federal style had definite philosophical ... [2 Related Articles]
Federal Superior Court: (from the article "Brazil") The Federal Superior Court (Superior Tribunal de Justica) consists of 33 judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate. It hears cases involving governors of the states ...
Federal Supreme Court: (from the article "Brazil") The Federal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is Brazil's highest court. It is composed of 11 members nominated by the president with approval of the Federal Senate. The court hears ...
Federal Trade Commission: (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...to commit a crime and five years to the sentences of those who used such data for terrorist offenses. For four years identity theft had been the most frequent consumer ...
Federal Trade Commission Act: (from the article "United States") ...Wilson reversed his position that merely strengthening the Sherman Anti-Trust Act would suffice to prevent monopoly. Instead, he took up and pushed through Congress the Progressive-sponsored Federal Trade Commission Act ...
Federal Union: (from the article "Europe, history of") ...and officially proposed in 1929 by Aristide Briand on behalf of France, the idea of uniting Europe was revived again as World War II approached. In Britain a small private ...
federalism: mode of political organization that unites separate states or other polities within an overarching political system in such a way as to allow each to maintain its own fundamental political ... [13 Related Articles]
Federalist: (from the article "Mexico") ...who were generally conservative, favoured a strong central government in the viceregal tradition, a paid national army, and Roman Catholicism as the exclusive religion. Opposed to them were the Federalists, ...
Federalist papers: series of 85 essays on the proposed new Constitution of the United States and on the nature of republican government, published between 1787 and 1788 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, ... [13 Related Articles]
Federalist Party: early U.S. national political party, which advocated a strong central government and held power from 1789 to 1801. The term federalist was first used in 1787 to describe the supporters ... [12 Related Articles]
Federalist Wars: (from the article "Venezuela") ...dynasty to an end. This first successful rebellion in Venezuela's national history set off five years of revolutionary turmoil between the Liberals and Conservatives. The issues in these so-called Federalist ...
Federalists' Wall: (from the article "Paris") ...south into the 20th arrondissement. The 20th also is home to the Menilmontant neighbourhood and Pere-Lachaise Cemetery-the site of the Federalists' Wall (Mur des Federes), against which ...
Federally Administered Tribal Areas: (from the article "Pakistan") In addition to the provinces, Pakistan has the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (seven agencies along the Afghan border, adjacent to the North-West Frontier Province), which ostensibly are overseen by agents ...
Federate: (from the article "Federate") partisan of the Commune of Paris of 1871 (see Paris, Commune of). Many Communards called themselves Federates because they believed in a federal system for France.for more general content on ...
Federated Department Stores, Inc.: (from the article "Lazarus, Fred, Jr.") American merchandiser who parlayed his family's small but successful department store into a $1.3 billion holding company known as Federated Department Stores.Filene's
Federated Mengjiang Commission: (from the article "Kalgan") In 1937 the Japanese occupied the area and established an autonomous government, Cha-nan (South Chahar), at Kalgan. In 1937 the Federated Mengjiang Commission was set up at Kalgan to supervise ...
Federati, I: (from the article "Italy") ...opponents of the regime was discovered and suppressed. In October 1820 the Carbonari in Milan were attacked, and some were deported. In March 1821 the police penetrated another secret organization, ...
federation: (from the article "political system") The term federation is used to refer to groupings of states, often on a regional basis, that establish central executive machinery to implement policies or to supervise joint activities. In ...
Federation Aeronautique Internationale: nongovernmental and nonprofit international organization that encourages and oversees the conduct of sporting aviation events throughout the world and certifies aviation world records. The FAI was founded by representatives from ... [3 Related Articles]
Federation Council: (from the article "Russia") Under the new constitution the Federal Assembly became the country's legislature. It consists of the Federation Council (an upper house in which each of Russia's administrative divisions has two representatives) ...
Federation Equestre Internationale: (from the article "horse show") The Federation Equestre Internationale and such member national organizations as the American Horse Shows Association regulate and promote the shows.horsemanshipDressage...early ...
Federation Internationale d'Escrime: (from the article "Fencing") ...event, the sport's unbroken record of inclusion since 1896 remained intact. The decision to retain fencing as an Olympic sport was the direct result of the modernization program forced through ...
Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur: (from the article "Basketball") Though Spain lost its leading player, it still won the country's first Federation Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) men's world championship by overwhelming European champion Greece 70-47 in the final on ...
Federation Internationale de Camping et de Caravanning: (from the article "camping") ...of Great Britain and Ireland, which fostered the establishment of camping organizations in a number of western European countries. In 1932 the International Federation of Camping and Caravanning (Federation Internationale ...
Federation Internationale de Football Association: (from the article "Football") South America's top association football (soccer) countries, Argentina and Brazil, finished 2007 in the top two places, respectively, of the Federation Internationale de Football Association ranking, but Brazil retained the ...
Federation Internationale de Korfball: (from the article "korfball") ...national association was formed in 1903, and the game spread to Belgium, Indonesia, Suriname, Germany, Spain, New Guinea, and England. The International Korfball Federation, which was established as Federation Internationale ...
Federation Internationale de l'Automobile: (from the article "Automobile Racing") The battle to become the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Formula 1 (F1) world drivers' champion took several unexpected turns in 2007 as veteran driver Kimi Raikkonen (Ferrari) of Finland ...
Federation Internationale de Skibob: (from the article "skibobbing") ...course, usually from 3 to 5 km (2 to 3 miles). International events, such as the European and world championships, held since 1963 and 1967, respectively, are organized under the ...