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Elbeuf ... electrolytic cell

Elbeuf: town, Seine-Maritime departement, Haute-Normandie region, northwestern France. It lies on the left bank of the Seine River, 12 miles (19 km) south of Rouen. Wooded hills and high cliffs surround ...
Elblag: city, Warminsko-Mazurskie wojewodztwo (province), north-central Poland. It lies along the Elblag River near the Nogat River, which is the eastern mouth of the Vistula River.
elbow: in human anatomy, hinge joint formed by the meeting of the humerus (bone of the upper arm) and the radius and ulna (bones of the forearm). The elbow allows the ...
Elbrus, Mount: highest peak of the Caucasus mountains, southwestern Russia. It is an extinct volcano with twin cones reaching 18,510 feet (5,642 m) and 18,356 feet (5,595 m). The volcano was formed ...
Elburz Mountains: major mountain range in northern Iran, 560 miles (900 km) long. The range, most broadly defined, extends in an arc eastward from the frontier with Turkmenistan southwest of the Caspian ...
Elcano, Juan Sebastian de: Basque navigator who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth.
Elche: town, Alicante province, in the autonomous community (region) of Valencia, southeastern Spain, situated on the Rio Vinalopo just south of Alicante city. Of Iberian origin, the site was inhabited by ...
Elda: city, Alicante province, in the autonomous community (region) of Valencia, southeastern Spain, northwest of Alicante city. Of ancient origin, Elda was called Idella by the Iberians, early peoples of Spain. ...
Eldad Ha-dani: English Eldad The Danite Jewish traveller and philologist who was generally credited with the authorship of a fanciful geographical narrative that exerted an enduring influence throughout the Middle Ages. This ...
Eldeguzid Dynasty: (1137-1225), Iranian atabeg dynasty of Turkish origin that ruled in Azerbaijan (now divided between Iran and Azerbaijan).
elder: any of about 20 to 30 species, mainly shrubs and small trees, comprising the genus Sambucus of the family Caprifoliaceae. Most are native to forested temperate or subtropical areas of ...
elder: in Christianity, any of various church officers. In modern times the title of elder has been used notably in the Presbyterian and Reformed churches and in Mormonism.
Elder, John: Scottish marine engineer whose introduction of the compound steam engine on ships cut fuel consumption and helped make practical long voyages on which refueling was impossible.
Elder, Kate: plainswoman and frontier prostitute of the old American West, companion and possible wife of Doc Holliday (q.v.).
Elder, Lonne, III: American playwright whose critically acclaimed masterwork, Ceremonies in Dark Old Men (1965, revised 1969), depicted the dreams, frustrations, and ultimate endurance of a black family living in ...
Elders, Joycelyn: American physician and public health official who served (1993-94) as U.S. surgeon general, the first black and the second woman to hold that post.
Eldon, John Scott, 1st Earl of, Viscount Encombe Of Encombe, Baron Eldon Of Eldon: lord chancellor of England for much of the period between 1801 and 1827. As chief equity judge, he granted the injunction as a remedy more often than earlier lords chancellor ...
Eldorado: (Spanish: "The Gilded One"), originally, the legendary ruler of an Indian town near Bogota, who was believed to plaster his naked body with gold dust during festivals, then plunge into ...
Eldoret: town, western Kenya, eastern Africa, on the Uasin Gishu Plateau west of the Great Rift Valley. Situated at an elevation of 6,857 feet (2,090 m) above sea level, its healthful ...
Eldridge, Roy: American trumpeter, one of the great creative musicians of the 1930s.
Elea: ancient city in Lucania, Italy, about 25 miles southeast of Paestum; home of the Eleatic school of philosophers, including Parmenides and Zeno. The city was founded about 535 BC by ...
Eleanor of Aquitaine: queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137-52) and Henry II of England (1152-1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lion-Heart) and John of England. She was perhaps the ...
Eleanor Of Castile: queen consort of King Edward I of England (ruled 1272-1307). Her devotion to Edward helped bring out his better qualities; after her death, his rule became somewhat arbitrary. Eleanor was ...
Eleanor Of Provence: queen consort of King Henry III of England (ruled 1216-72); her widespread unpopularity intensified the severe conflicts between the King and his barons.
Eleatic One: in Eleatic philosophy, the assertion of Parmenides of Elea that Being is one (Greek: hen) and unique and that it is continuous, indivisible, and all that there is or ever ...
Eleaticism: one of the principal schools of ancient Pre-Socratic philosophy, so called from its seat in the Greek colony of Elea (or Velia) in southern Italy. This school, which flourished in ...
Eleazar ben Azariah: Jewish rabbinic scholar, one of the Palestinian tannaim (those who compiled the Jewish Oral Law), whose practical maxims constitute some of the best-known sayings of the Talmud.
Eleazar ben Judah Of Worms: Jewish rabbi, mystic, Talmudist, and codifier. Along with the Sefer Hasidim (1538; "Book of the Pious"), of which he was a coauthor, his voluminous works are the major extant documents ...
election: the formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting. It is important to distinguish between the form and the ...
elector: prince of the Holy Roman Empire who had a right to participate in the election of the emperor (the German king). Beginning around 1273 and with the confirmation of the ...
electoral college: the system by which the president and vice president of the United States are chosen. It was devised by the framers of the United States ...
Electoral Commission: (1877), in U.S. history, commission created by Congress to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876 between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. For the first time ...
Electra: (Greek: "Bright One"), in Greek legend, the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who saved the life of her young brother Orestes by sending him away when their father was murdered. ...
electret: material that retains its electric polarization after being subjected to a strong electric field. The positive charge within the material becomes permanently displaced in the direction of the field, and ...
electric arc: continuous, high-density electric current between two separated conductors in a gas or vapour with a relatively low potential difference, or voltage, across the conductors. The high-intensity light and heat of ...
electric automobile: battery-powered motor vehicle, originating in the late 1880s and used for private passenger, truck, and bus transportation.
electric catfish: (Malapterurus electricus), widely distributed freshwater catfish native to tropical Africa. The only member of the family Malapteruridae, it is a thickset fish with six mouth barbels and a single fin ...
electric charge: quantity of electricity that flows in electric currents or that accumulates on the surfaces of dissimilar nonmetallic substances that are rubbed together vigorously. Electric charge, a basic property of matter, ...
electric circuit: path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that ...
electric current: any movement of electric charge carriers, such as subatomic charged particles (e.g., electrons having negative charge, protons having positive charge), ions (atoms that have lost or gained one or more ...
electric dipole: pair of equal and opposite electric charges the centres of which are not coincident. An atom in which the centre of the negative cloud of electrons has been shifted slightly ...
electric discharge lamp: lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. The French astronomer Jean Picard observed (1675) a ...
electric displacement: auxiliary electric field or electric vector that represents that aspect of an electric field associated solely with the presence of separated free electric charges, purposely excluding the contribution of any ...
electric eel: elongated South American fish that produces a powerful electric shock to stun its prey, usually other fish.
electric field: region around an electric charge in which an electric force is exerted on another charge. Instead of considering the electric force as a direct interaction of two electric charges at ...
electric furnace: heating chamber with electricity as the heat source for achieving very high temperatures to melt and alloy metals and refractories. The electricity has no electrochemical effect on the metal but ...
electric generator: any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, ...
electric heater: device for heating rooms that converts electric current to heat by means of resistors that emit radiant energy. Resistors may be composed of metal-alloy wire, nonmetallic carbon compounds, or printed ...
electric motor: any of a class of devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, usually by employing electromagnetic phenomena such as the coupling between the electrical and mechanical systems. In special ...
electric polarization: slight relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts ...
electric potential: the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field. Typically, the reference point is the Earth, although ...
electric power: energy generated through the conversion of other forms of energy, such as mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy. Electric energy is unrivaled for many uses, as for lighting, computer operation, motive ...
electric ray: any of the rays of the families Torpedinidae, Narkidae, and Temeridae, named for their ability to produce electrical shocks. They are found worldwide in warm and temperate waters.
electric susceptibility: quantitative measure of the extent to which an electric field applied to a dielectric material causes polarization, the slight displacement of positive and negative charge within the material. For most ...
electric switch: device for opening and closing electrical circuits under normal load conditions, usually operated manually. There are many designs of switches; a common type-the toggle, or tumbler, switch-is widely used in ...
electrical and electronics engineering: the branch of engineering concerned with the practical applications of electricity in all its forms, including those of the field of electronics. Electronics engineering is that branch of electrical engineering ...
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of: international organization of engineers and scientists in electrical engineering, electronics, and allied fields, formed in 1963 by merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (founded 1884) and the Institute ...
electrical double layer: region of molecular dimension at the boundary of two substances across which an electrical field exists. The substances must each contain electrically charged particles, such as electrons, ions, or molecules ...
electrical impedance: measure of the total opposition that a circuit or a part of a circuit presents to electric current. Impedance includes both resistance and reactance (qq.v.). The resistance component arises from ...
electrical shock: the perceptible and physical effect of an electrical current that enters the body. The shock may range from an unpleasant but harmless jolt of static electricity, received after one has ...
electricity: phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electric charges. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter and is borne by elementary particles. In electricity the particle involved is the electron, ...
electrocardiography: method of graphic tracing (electrocardiogram; ECG or EKG) of the electric current generated by the heart muscle during a heartbeat. The tracing is recorded with an electrocardiograph (actually a relatively ...
electroceramics: category of advanced ceramic materials that are employed in a wide variety of electric, optical, and magnetic applications. In contrast to traditional ceramic products such as brick and tile, which ...
electrochemical reaction: any process either caused or accompanied by the passage of an electric current and involving in most cases the transfer of electrons between two substances-one a solid and the other ...
electrochemistry: branch of chemistry concerned with the relation between electricity and chemical change. Many spontaneously occurring chemical reactions liberate electrical energy, and some of these reactions are used in batteries and ...
electrocution: method of execution widely used in the United States, in which the condemned person is subjected to a heavy charge of electric current. The prisoner is made to sit in ...
electrode: electric conductor, usually metal, used as either of the two terminals of an electrically conducting medium; it conducts current into and out of the medium, which may be an electrolytic ...
electroencephalography: technique for recording and interpreting the electrical activity of the brain. The nerve cells of the brain generate electrical impulses that fluctuate rhythmically in distinct patterns. In 1929 Hans Berger ...
electroforming: making duplicates by electroplating metal onto a mold of an object, then removing the mold. Intricate surface details are exactly reproduced by this process, which is used to make masters ...
electrogasdynamics: study of the forces produced by the motion of electrically charged particles (ions) carried by an insulating gas flowing through an electric field. See also magnetohydrodynamic power generator.
electrojet: streaming movement of charged particles in the ionosphere. The term is limited by some to those flow patterns that contain a significant proportion of neutral gases, but highly concentrated, laterally ...
electroless plating: nonelectrical plating of metals and plastics to achieve uniform coatings by a process of controlled autocatalytic (self-continuing) reduction. Discovered in 1944 by A. Brenner and G.E. Riddell, electroless plating involves ...
electroluminescence: production of light by the flow of electrons, as within certain crystals. Electroluminescence is one of the few instances in which a direct conversion of electric energy into visible light ...
electrolysis: process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change. The chemical change is one in which the substance loses or gains an electron (oxidation ...
electrolyte: in chemistry and physics, substance that conducts electric current as a result of a dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles called ions, which migrate toward and ordinarily are discharged ...
electrolytic cell: any device in which electrical energy is converted to chemical energy, or vice versa. Such a cell typically consists of two metallic or electronic conductors (electrodes) held apart from each ...