(from the article "Smithson, Alison; and Smithson, Peter") ...formal severity and clarity reminiscent of the work of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, exemplifies the principles of New Brutalism in its exposed steel- and brickwork and exposed electrical conduits. ...
weekly magazine of news and opinion published in London and generally regarded as one of the world's preeminent journals of its kind. It provides wide-ranging coverage of general news and ... [3 Related Articles]
in economics, the relationship between the size of a plant or industry and the lowest possible cost of a product. When a factory increases output, a reduction in the average ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Colombia") ...version of the government's proposal for rationalizing transfers to state and local governments was adopted. In an effort to counter opposition to the government's privatization of a portion of Ecopetrol, ...
(from the article "conservation") ...provide a more representative selection of Earth's distinctive ecosystems, scientists working in the United States at the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have compiled what they call the world's "ecoregions," which ...
city, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Detroit River and is one of several contiguous southern suburbs of Detroit known as downriver communities. Settled about 1795 on the ...
variety of contredanse that was popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in France and England. It was danced in quick 24 time by a double line of ...
(from the article "ecology") Ecosystem ecology examines large-scale ecological issues, ones that often are framed in terms not of species but rather of measures such as biomass, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. Questions include ...
destruction, or the threat of destruction, of the environment by states, groups, or individuals in order to intimidate or to coerce governments or civilians. The term also has been applied ... [2 Related Articles]
a transition area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as forest and grassland. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering community and often contains species not ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "environmental law") One of the most important areas of the law of sustainable development is ecotourism. Although tourism poses the threat of environmental harm from pollution and the overuse of natural resources, ...
(from the article "Bullant, Jean") ...in Italy, and his exposure to the ancient buildings there had a profound influence on his later work. Returning to France about 1540, he entered the service of the constable ...
(from the article "Henry II") ...was rigorous in the repression of Protestantism, which was approaching the zenith of its power in France. In 1547 he created the Chambre Ardente in the Parlement of Paris for ...
(from the article "Byzantine chant") Documents with Byzantine neumatic notation date only from the 10th century. Earlier, there was in use an "ecphonetic" notation based on the accent marks of Greek grammarians from Alexandria, Egypt, ...
(from the article "Channel Islands") ...and customs, being grouped into two distinct bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, with differing constitutions. Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Lihou, and Brecqhou are Guernsey's dependencies, and the Ecrehous rocks and ...
nature reserve located in the departements of Hautes-Alpes and Isere, southeastern France. The park, which was created in 1973, occupies 226,694 acres (91,740 hectares) and is the second largest national ...
(from the article "French literature") ...transforming masculine language for women-generated versions of feminine subjectivity. The texts of James Joyce and Samuel Beckett lie behind Helene Cixous's ecriture feminine, a kind of writing ...
MDMA (3,4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), euphoria-inducing stimulant and hallucinogen. The use of Ecstasy, commonly known as "E," has been widespread despite the drug's having been banned worldwide in 1985 by its addition ... [1 Related Articles]
in mysticism, the experience of an inner vision of God or of one's relation to or union with the divine. Various methods have been used to achieve ecstasy, which is ... [16 Related Articles]
(from the article "algae") Range from microscopic forms to large kelps more than 20 metres long; at least 1,500 species, almost all marine; Ectocarpus,
the outermost of the three germ layers, or masses of cells, which appears early in the development of an animal embryo. In vertebrates, ectoderm subsequently gives rise to hair, skin, ... [12 Related Articles]
a human physical type (somatotype) tending toward linearity, as determined by the physique classification system developed by the American psychologist W.H. Sheldon. Although classification by the Sheldon system is not ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "conifer") ...mycorrhizae, called endomycorrhizae because the fungal hyphae actually penetrate the cells of the roots. All of the Pinaceae, and only the Pinaceae, have the other kind of root symbiosis, called ...
(from the article "parasitism") Parasites may be characterized as ectoparasites-including ticks, fleas, leeches, and lice-which live on the body surface of the host and do not themselves commonly cause disease in the host; or ...
(from the article "endocrine system, human") Ectopic hormone production is the synthesis and secretion of peptide or protein hormones by benign or malignant tumours of tissues that do not normally synthesize and secrete the particular hormone. ...
(from the article "drug") ...continues, though sometimes with an irregular rhythm. When this irregular heart rate occurs in the ventricles, it is called ventricular fibrillation, and the pumping action of the heart ceases. (2) ...
condition in which the fertilized ovum (egg) has become imbedded outside the uterine cavity. The site of implantation is usually designated-e.g., tubal, abdominal, or ovarian ectopic pregnancy. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "locomotion") ...the movement is quite different. The amoeba, a protozoan, may be taken as an example. Its cytoplasm (the living substance surrounding the nucleus) is divided into two parts: a peripheral ...
in occultism, a mysterious, usually light-coloured, viscous substance that is said to exude from the body of a spiritualist medium in trance and may then take the shape of a ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "mycorrhiza") ...other plants survive but do not flourish without their fungal symbionts. The two main types of mycorrhiza are endotrophic, in which the fungus invades the hosts' roots (e.g., orchids), and ...
(from the article "peromelia") In amelia, one of the rarest of malformations of the extremities, limbs are completely absent. Ectromelia is the absence of one or more extremities. In phocomelia ("seal extremity") the upper ...
outward turning of the border (or margin) of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelids). The condition most often occurs in elderly persons as a result of age-related relaxation of the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "coin") ...and weighing about four grams; its types continued the "castle" of the denier tournois but with concentric inscription and ornament frequently imitated. With this there appeared a gold ecu, with ...
a notional unit of exchange, conceived in 1979, based on a "basket," or weighted combination, of the currencies of nations that belonged to the European Community. The principal currencies involved ... [1 Related Articles]
country of northwestern South America. Ecuador is one of the most environmentally diverse countries in the world, and it has contributed notably to the environmental sciences. The first scientific expedition ... [31 Related Articles]
national flag that is horizontally striped yellow-blue-red; when flown by the government, it incorporates a central coat of arms. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
(from the article "Ecuador") Historyhistory of Latin American architectureLatin American architectureSeventeenth- and 18th-century architecture in Ecuador, Colombia, and Cuba
(from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") Secondary education varies from seriously overcrowded public institutions to elite private institutions emphasizing bilingualism in English, French, or German. The premier university is the Pontifical Catholic University in Quito, noted ...
(from the article "Andes Mountains") A rough and eroded high mass of mountains called the Loja Knot (4° S) in southern Ecuador marks the transition between the Peruvian cordilleras and the Ecuadorian Andes. The Ecuadorian ...
(from the article "Middle Eastern religion") The ancient Middle East constituted an ecumene. The term ecumene comes from the Greek word oikoumene, which means the inhabited world and designates a distinct cultural-historical community. The material effects ...
(from the article "canon law") ...After the emperor Constantine granted tolerance to Christians within the Roman Empire, bishops from various sees-especially from the eastern part of the empire-met in councils (e.g., the ecumenical Council of ...
(from the article "Christianity") ...and his leadership was accepted as primus inter pares (first among equals) in the faith and mission of the whole church. The Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian creeds are ...
honorary primacy of the Eastern Orthodox autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, churches; it is also known as the "ecumenical patriarchate," or "Roman" patriarchate (Turkish: Rum patriarkhanesi). [8 Related Articles]
the movement or tendency toward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation. The term, of recent origin, emphasizes what is viewed as the universality of the Christian churches. [36 Related Articles]
dorp (village) in northwestern Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (Lake IJssel). Named for the dam built on the Ye, which joined the Purmer Lake (now polder) to the Zuiderzee, it became ...
semisoft cow's-milk cheese of Holland, usually molded in 2 to 4 pound (0.9 to 1.8 kilogram) spheres and coated in red paraffin; Edam is also produced in red-coated rectangular loaves. ...
(from the article "Kalahari") ...more rainfall and, climatically, cannot qualify as a desert; and yet, it is totally lacking in surface water. Rain drains instantly through the deep sands of the area, which creates ...
primitive herbivorous relative of mammals that is found in fossil deposits dating from Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian periods (318 million to 271 million years ago). [1 Related Articles]
also spelled Eadbert, or Eadberht in Anglo-Saxon England, king of Northumbrians from 737 to 758, a strong king whose reign was regarded by the contemporary scholar and churchman Alcuin as ...
body of ancient Icelandic literature contained in two 13th-century books commonly distinguished as the Prose, or Younger, Edda and the Poetic, or Elder, Edda. It is the fullest and most ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Khuri, Bishara al-") ...next three years, Khuri himself was prime minister of Lebanon on three occasions, holding that office for a total of almost two years. Between 1926 and 1932 the personal rivalry ...
British character actor who excelled at light comedy, notably in the BBC television series "The Good Life," 1975-79, "Yes, Minister," 1980-85, and "Yes, Prime Minister," 1986-90 (b. June 18, 1927--d. ...
English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician who did his greatest work in astrophysics, investigating the motion, internal structure, and evolution of stars. He also was the first expositor of the theory ... [5 Related Articles]
county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S., bordered on the south by Texas. Its western region is in the Sacramento section of the Basin and Range Province, a rugged area where the ...
fluid current whose flow direction differs from that of the general flow; the motion of the whole fluid is the net result of the movements of the eddies that compose ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "kite") ...an interest in meteorology and kite aerial photography, made a significant contribution to kite development in the West by introducing his now-familiar tailless, elongated diamond-shaped design. The Eddy kite, an ...
in electricity, motion of electric charge induced entirely within a conducting material by a varying electric or magnetic field or by electromagnetic waves. Eddy currents induced in a power transformer ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "electric motor") ...steel as well as in the stator conductors. The laminations are insulated from each other usually by a varnish layer. This breaks up the conducting path in the steel and ...
American guitarist responsible for one of rock music's elemental sounds, twang-resonant melodic riffs created on the bass strings of an electric guitar. One of early rock's most influential and popular ...
(from the article "Klamath Mountains") ...for about 250 miles (400 km) from the foothills south of the Willamette Valley in southwestern Oregon, U.S., to the northwestern side of the Central Valley of California. The mountains ...
(from the article "kite") Although tailless kites had been common in Asia for centuries, it was not until 1893 that William A. Eddy, an American journalist with an interest in meteorology and kite aerial ...
(from the article "railroad") ...by the frictional resistance generated when bar magnets are lowered into contact with the rails. The latest Shinkansen train-sets have eddy current instead of electromagnetic track brakes. The eddy-current brake ...
(from the article "tachometer") Electrical tachometers are of several types. The eddy-current, or drag, type is widely used in automobile speedometers; a magnet rotated with the shaft being measured produces eddy currents that are ...
lighthouse celebrated in folk ballads and seamen's lore, standing on the Eddystone Rocks, 14 miles off Plymouth, Eng., in the English Channel. The first lighthouse (1696-99), built of timber, was ... [2 Related Articles]
gemeente (municipality), central Netherlands. It lies on the western edge of the wooded-heath Veluwe region. Founded in the 8th century by the Saxons, it is a garrison ...
town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies along the Osun River at a point on the railroad from Lagos, 112 miles (180 km) southwest, and at the intersection of roads ...
town, southwestern Cameroon, at the head of steamboat navigation of the lower Sanaga River. Aluminum from Fria in Guinea is the basis of the town's aluminum industry, which produces aluminum ...
(from the article "Teso") ...territorial organization was destroyed. Almost all indigenous religion has been replaced by Christianity; previously the Teso believed in an omnipotent but remote god, Akuj, and a god of calamity, Edeke.
American physician and physical chemist who elucidated the structure of antibodies-proteins that are produced by the body in response to infection. For this work he shared the Nobel Prize for ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sullivan, Louis") ...he left for Chicago and was soon employed in the architectural office of a prominent figure in the development of the style of the Chicago School, William Le Baron Jenney. ...
(from the article "Yiddish literature") ...Mayn yingele (1887; "My Little Boy"), for example, expresses a worker's estrangement from his family-resulting from endless hours spent in a sweatshop. David Edelstadt was another poet ...
American judge (b. Feb. 16, 1910, New York, N.Y.-d. Aug. 19, 2000, New York), spent 43 years (1952-95) presiding over the U.S. Department of Justice's antitrust action against IBM, considered ...
(Leontopodium alpinum), perennial plant of the family Asteraceae, native to alpine areas of Europe and South America. It has 2 to 10 yellow flower heads in a dense cluster, and, ...
in medicine, an abnormal accumulation of watery fluid in the intercellular spaces of connective tissue. Edematous tissues are swollen and, when punctured, secrete a thin incoagulable fluid. This fluid is ... [14 Related Articles]
district, administrative county of Cumbria, northwestern England, in the eastern part of the county. A line running through the district from the River Tees, past the village of Culgaith and ...
(from the article "United Kingdom") ...by increasing tax revenue. He fostered legitimate trade and reduced smuggling by cutting import duties on certain commodities such as tea. In 1786 he signed an important commercial agreement, the ...
(from the article "Edenton") ...North Carolina, U.S., on Albemarle Sound. Settled about 1660, the first permanent settlement in colonial North Carolina, it went under several names before it was incorporated in 1722 and named ...
in the Old Testament Book of Genesis, biblical earthly paradise inhabited by the first created man and woman, Adam and Eve, prior to their expulsion for disobeying the commandments of ... [4 Related Articles]
river in northern England. It rises in the fells (uplands) that connect the Lake District with the highlands of the Pennines and flows 90 miles (145 km) northwestward to its ...
broad valley in the administrative county of Cumbria, England, separating the northern Pennines from the Lake District massif. The upper valley lies in the historic county of Westmorland and the ...
town (parish), Sevenoaks district, administrative and historic county of Kent, England, south of London near the Surrey border, on the River Eden. It was enlarged after 1970 to accommodate overspill ...
market town, County Offaly, Ire., on the northern edge of the Bog of Allen. The town, including the Court House, was largely built by the marquesses of Downshire in the ...
(from the article "1948: Other Winners") ...K. Furse for HamletArt Direction, Color: Hein Heckroth for The Red ShoesMusic Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture: Brian Easdale for The Red ShoesScoring of a Musical Picture: Roger ...
(from the article "avoidance behaviour") South American toothless animals (edentates) such as anteaters are probably survivors of a comparable early development in mammals. The armour of armadillos and the presence of bony plates in the ...
town, seat of Chowan county, northeastern North Carolina, U.S., on Albemarle Sound. Settled about 1660, the first permanent settlement in colonial North Carolina, it went under several names before it ...
nationalist guerrilla force that, bolstered by British support, constituted the only serious challenge to EAM-ELAS (q.v.) control of the resistance movement in occupied Greece during World War II. Led by ... [3 Related Articles]
founder and co-owner with John Gill of the New England newspaper the Boston Gazette and Country Journal. As editor and publisher of the Gazette, ... [1 Related Articles]
chief city, nomos (department) of Pella, Macedonia, Greece, on a steep bluff above the valley of the Loudhias Potamos (river). A swift, fragmented stream flowing through the ...
(from the article "Crusades") Meanwhile, castles had been built in Galilee, the frontier pushed southward, and Crusader states formed in the north. The county of Edessa, an ill-defined domain extending into the upper Euphrates ...
(from the article "patristic literature") Parallel with its richer and better-known Greek and Latin counterparts, an independent Syriac Christian literature flourished inside, and later outside (in Persia), the frontiers of the Roman Empire from the ...
