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Egyptian law ... Eisenstein, Sergey Mikhaylovich

Egyptian law: the law that originated with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under King Menes (c. 2925 BC) and grew and developed until the Roman occupation of Egypt (30 BC). ...
Egyptian Museum: museum of Egyptian antiquities in Cairo, founded in the 19th century by the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette and housing the world's most valuable collection of its kind. The museum was ...
Egyptian religion: indigenous beliefs of ancient Egypt from predynastic times (4th millennium BC) to the disappearance of the traditional culture in the first centuries AD. For historical background and detailed dates, see ...
Egyptology: the study of pharaonic Egypt, spanning the period c. 4500 BC to AD 641. Egyptology began when the scholars accompanying Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt (1798-1801) published Description de l'Egypte ...
Eh-pH diagram: any of a class of diagrams that illustrate the fields of stability of mineral or chemical species in terms of the activity of hydrogen ions (pH) and the activity of ...
Ehime: prefecture (ken), northwestern Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea (north) and Bungo-suido (Bungo Strait; west). It occupies an area of 2,190 square miles (5,672 square km). The interior is mountainous, ...
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: rare, heritable disorder characterized by great elasticity of the skin, skin fragility with a tendency to hemorrhage, poor scar formation, and hyperextensibility of the joints ("elastic men"). The skin is ...
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried: German biologist, microscopist, scientific explorer, and a founder of micropaleontology-the study of fossil microorganisms.
Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigoryevich: prolific writer and journalist, one of the most effective Soviet spokesmen to the Western world.
Ehrenfels, Christian, Freiherr von: Austrian philosopher remembered for his introduction of the term Gestalt ("figure") into psychology and for his contribution to value theory.
Ehringsdorf remains: human fossils found between 1908 and 1925 near Weimar, Germany. The most complete fossils consist of a fragmented braincase and lower jaw of an adult and the lower jaw, trunk, ...
Ehrlich, Eugen: Austrian legal scholar and teacher generally credited with founding the discipline of the sociology of law.
Ehrlich, Paul: German medical scientist known for his pioneering work in hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy and for his discovery of the first effective treatment for syphilis. He received jointly with Elie Metchnikoff ...
Ehrlich, Paul R: American biologist and educator who in 1990 shared Sweden's Crafoord Prize (established in 1980 and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, to support those areas of science not ...
Ehrlichman, John D.: assistant for domestic affairs during the administration of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon; he was best known for his participation in the Watergate scandal that led to Nixon's resignation.
Ehud: in the Old Testament (Judges 3:12-4:1), son of Gera, the Benjaminite, Israelite hero who delivered Israel from 18 years of oppression by the Moabites. A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, ...
Eibar: city, Guipuzcoa province, in the autonomous Basque Country, northern Spain, lying east of Bilbao on the Bilbao-San Sebastian railway. The city was chartered by Alfonso XI of Castile in 1346. ...
Eichelberger, Robert L: U.S. Army general who during World War II retrieved strategic Japanese-held islands in the Pacific, thus helping end the war in the Far East.
Eichendorff, Joseph, Freiherr von: (baron of) poet and novelist, considered one of the great German Romantic lyricists.
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried: German biblical scholar and orientalist who taught at Jena and Gottingen, one of the first commentators to make a scientific comparison between the biblical books and other Semitic writings. A ...
Eichler, August Wilhelm: German botanist who developed one of the first widely used natural systems of plant classification.
Eichmann, Adolf: German high official who was hanged by the state of Israel for his part in the Holocaust, the Nazi extermination of Jews during World War II.
Eichrodt, Walther: German scholar who showed the importance to biblical studies of an understanding of the theology of the Old Testament.
Eichstatt: city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. It lies along the Altmuhl River, south of Nurnberg.
eider: any of several large sea ducks variously classified as members of the tribe Mergini or placed in a separate tribe Somateriini (family Anatidae, order Anseriformes). Eiders are heavy and round-bodied, ...
Eider Program: (1848-64), the domestic and foreign policy cornerstone of Denmark's National Liberal governments during the Schleswig-Holstein crises. The program, which called for the incorporation of the duchy of Schleswig into Denmark, ...
Eider River: river, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. It rises in the hills south of Kiel, flows through Westensee (West Lake) northward to a point northwest of Kiel, and then bends westward ...
eidetic image: an unusually vivid subjective visual phenomenon. An eidetic person claims to continue to "see" an object that is no longer objectively present. Eidetic persons behave as if they are actually ...
eidetic reduction: in phenomenology, a method by which the philosopher moves from the consciousness of individual and concrete objects to the transempirical realm of pure essences and thus achieves an intuition of ...
Eiermann, Egon: one of the most prominent German architects to emerge after World War II, whose wide variety of buildings have been admired for their elegant proportions, precise detail, and structural clarity.
Eifel: plateau region of western Germany, lying between the Rhine, the Mosel (French: Moselle), and the Luxembourg and Belgian frontiers. Continuous with the Ardennes and the Hohes Venn (French: Haute Fagnes) ...
Eifelian Stage: all those rocks deposited worldwide during the Eifelian Age (387 to 380 million years ago). The top of the Eifelian Stage is defined by the base of an overlying subdivision, ...
Eiffel Tower: Parisian landmark that is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, ...
Eiffel, Gustave: French civil engineer renowned for the tower in Paris that bears his name.
Eigen, Manfred: German physicist who was corecipient, with R.G.W. Norrish and George Porter, of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for work on extremely rapid chemical reactions.
eigenvalue: one of a set of discrete values of a parameter, k, in an equation of the form Ppsi = kpsi, in which P is a linear operator (that is, a symbol denoting ...
eight ball: popular American pocket-billiards game in which 15 balls numbered consecutively and a white cue ball are used. Those numbered 1-7 are solid colours; 9-15 are white with a single thick ...
Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou: Chinese painters who worked in the area of Yangzhou, in Jiangsu province, during the Qianlong era (1735-96) of the Qing dynasty. The group includes Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Gao Xiang, ...
Eight Masters of Nanjing: group of Chinese artists who lived and worked during the late 17th century in Nanjing (known as Jinling during the early Tang dynasty, c. 7th century). Although their group identity ...
Eight Saints, War of the: (1375-78), conflict between Pope Gregory XI and an Italian coalition headed by Florence, which resulted in the return of the papacy from Avignon to Rome. In 1375, provoked by the ...
Eight, The: group of American painters who exhibited together only once, in New York City in 1908, but who established one of the main currents in 20th-century American painting. The original Eight ...
eighteen schools: the division of the Buddhist community in India in the first three centuries following the death of the Buddha in c. 483 BC. Although texts speak of the "18 schools," ...
Eightfold Path: doctrine taught by Gautama Buddha in his first sermon at the deer park near Banaras (Varanasi), in India. It is also called the Middle Path, as it steers a course ...
Eightfold Way: classification of subatomic particles known as hadrons into groups on the basis of their symmetrical properties, the number of members of each group being 1, 8 (most frequently), 10, or ...
Eighth Route Army: larger of the two major Chinese communist forces that fought the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. The Eighth Route Army also engaged in political and propaganda work, helping to increase ...
Eighty Mile Beach: coastal edge of the arid, sedimentary Great Sandy Desert and the Canning Basin (qq.v.), northwestern Western Australia, bordering the Indian Ocean. Extending in a curve northeast from Cape Keraudren (east ...
Eighty Years' War: (1568-1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands ...
Eijkman, Christiaan: Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins, he was awarded the 1929 Nobel ...
Eileithyia: pre-Hellenic goddess of childbirth, who hindered or facilitated the process according to her disposition. The earliest evidence for her cult is at Amnisus, in Crete, where excavations indicate that she ...
Eilhart Von Oberg: German poet important in the history of the court epic and the development of the Tristan and Isolde story in Romance literature. Eilhart was a member of a Brunswick family ...
Eimeria: genus of parasitic protozoans of the spore-producing phylum Apicomplexa (previously Sporozoa). Eimeria, which causes coccidiosis in livestock and wild animals, infects mainly the cells of the digestive tract, although it ...
Einaudi, Luigi: Italian economist and statesman, the first president (1948-55) of the Republic of Italy.
Eindhoven: gemeente (commune), Noord-Brabant provincie, southern Netherlands. It lies along the Dommel River, 68 miles (109 km) southeast of Rotterdam.
Einem, Gottfried von: Austrian composer whose operas and orchestral works combine Romantic elements with the more contemporary styles of jazz and atonality.
Einhard: also spelled Eginhard Frankish historian and court scholar whose writings are an invaluable source of information on Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire.
Einsiedeln: town, Schwyz canton, northeast-central Switzerland. It is located on the right bank of Alp Stream, northeast of Schwyz city. It developed around the Benedictine abbey, founded in 934. The abbey ...
Einstein's mass-energy relation: relationship between mass (m) and energy (E) in the special theory of relativity of Albert Einstein, embodied by the formula E = mc², where c equals 300,000 kilometres (186,000 miles) ...
Einstein, Albert: German-American physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In the first ...
Einstein, Alfred: eminent German-American musicologist and critic.
Einstein, Hannah Bachman: American social worker who launched a successful campaign to establish municipal, state, and national boards and associations for child welfare.
einsteinium: (Es), synthetic chemical element of the actinide series in Group IIIb of the periodic table, atomic number 99. Not occurring in nature, einsteinium (as the isotope einsteinium-253), produced by intense ...
Einthoven, Willem: Dutch physiologist who was awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the electrical properties of the heart through the electrocardiograph, which he developed as ...
Eiseley, Loren: U.S. anthropologist, educator, and author who wrote about anthropology for the lay person in eloquent, poetic style.
Eiselsberg, Anton, Freiherr von: (baron of) Austrian surgeon, teacher, and researcher who carried out important studies in the physiology of the thyroid gland and surgery of the central nervous system.
Eisenach: city, Thuringia Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the northwestern slopes of the Thuringian Forest, at the confluence of the Horsel and Nesse rivers, west of ...
Eisenerz: town, east-central Austria, in the Erzbach Valley, at the northern foot of Erzberg (Ore Mountain; 5,033 feet [1,534 metres]), northwest of Leoben. Iron has been mined on Erzberg by terraced ...
Eisenhower Doctrine: (Jan. 5, 1957), in the Cold War period after World War II, U.S. foreign-policy pronouncement by President Dwight D. Eisenhower promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country ...
Eisenhower Trophy: golf trophy awarded to the winner of a biennial international amateur competition open to teams of three or four players from all nations. The competition was first held, under sponsorship ...
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: 34th president of the United States (1953-61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II. (For a discussion of the history and ...
Eisenhower, Mamie: American first lady (1953-61), the wife of Dwight "Ike" Eisenhower, 34th president of the United States and supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II.
Eisenhuttenstadt: city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. The city lies along the Oder River at the Polish border, southeast of Frankfurt an der Oder. It was formed in 1961 by the ...
Eisenman, Peter: American architect known for his radical designs and architectural theories. He is often characterized as a deconstructivist.
Eisenstadt: city, capital (since 1925) of Burgenland Bundesland (federal state), eastern Austria. It lies at the southern end of the Leitha Mountains, south of Vienna. Mentioned in 1264, it was a ...
Eisenstaedt, Alfred: pioneering German-American photojournalist whose images, many of them for Life magazine, established him as one of the first and most important photojournalists.
Eisenstein, Ferdinand Gotthold Max: German mathematician who made important contributions to number theory.
Eisenstein, Sergey Mikhaylovich: Russian film director and theorist whose work includes the three film classics Potemkin (1925), Alexander Nevsky (1938), and Ivan the Terrible (released in two parts, 1944 and 1958). In his ...