(from the article "thalidomide") ...use as a sedative, thalidomide eventually proved to have therapeutic uses. In the mid-1960s clinicians discovered that it can effectively treat the painful skin nodules and nerve impairment caused by ...
ancient Ionic city on the Mimas (now Kara Burun) peninsula in western Turkey. The original site of traditionally Cretan and later Ionian settlement is uncertain, but from the 4th century ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Greek civilization") Another interference in the internal affairs of tribute-paying allies in the 4th century was the placement of garrisons and garrison commanders, attested as early as the Erythrae decree of 453. ...
a superficial skin infection marked by reddish brown scaly patches and attributed to the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum. The lesions are generally seen on the inner sides of the thighs, in ...
arsenate mineral in the vivianite group, hydrated cobalt arsenate [Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O]. Erythrite, which is used as a guide to the presence of cobalt-nickel-silver ores because of its crimson or peach-red colour, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "fungus") ...basidia and ballistospores (spores that are forcibly discharged); example genera include Cystobasidium, Occultifur, and Rhodotorula. Some are pathogenic in humans and animals, others are saprobic in soil or found ...
(from the article "erythrocyte") The erythrocyte develops in bone marrow in several stages: from a hemocytoblast, a multipotential cell in the mesenchyme, it becomes an erythroblast (normoblast); during two to five days of development, ...
type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of a fetus are destroyed in a maternal immune reaction resulting from a blood group incompatibility between the fetus and ... [11 Related Articles]
cellular component of blood, millions of which in the circulation of vertebrates give the blood its characteristic colour and carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. The mature human ... [21 Related Articles]
(from the article "diagnosis") The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the rate at which red blood cells settle in a column of blood in one hour. It is a nonspecific indicator of inflammatory disease ...
(from the article "blood disease") A malfunction of the abnormal hemoglobin may result in erythrocythemia, or overproduction of red cells. In these cases there is increased oxygen affinity, limiting proper delivery of oxygen to tissues ...
(from the article "polycythemia") ...in the body). Relative and transient, or secondary, polycythemia disappear when the condition to which they are secondary is eliminated. Absolute polycythemia, when the cause is known, is called erythrocytosis; ...
(from the article "psoriasis") ...the nails become thickened, irregularly laminated, and brittle. In addition to plaque psoriasis, there are four other types of psoriasis, including guttate, pustular, inverse (or flexular), and erythrodermic.
rare disease in which the blood vessels of the hands and feet go through spasms of dilation associated with burning pain, increased skin temperature, and redness. The disease may be ... [1 Related Articles]
drug synthesized by the soil bacterium Streptomyces erythraeus and used in the treatment of throat infections, pneumonia, and other diseases. Erythromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis ... [2 Related Articles]
genus of about 20 species of spring-blooming plants of the family Liliaceae, commonly known as dog's tooth violet. All the species are native to North America except for the purple- ...
(from the article "Erythronium") ...plants of the family Liliaceae, commonly known as dog's tooth violet. All the species are native to North America except for the purple- or pink-flowered dog's tooth violet of Europe ...
(from the article "chromatophore") pigment-containing cell in the deeper layers of the skin of animals. Depending on the colour of their pigment, chromatophores are termed melanophores (black), erythrophores (red), xanthophores (yellow), or leucophores (white). ...
(from the article "blood disease") Red cells are formed within the marrow cavities of the central bones of the adult skeleton (skull, spine, ribs, breastbone, pelvic bones). In a healthy person, red cell production (erythropoiesis) ...
(from the article "porphyria") Two main groups of porphyria are recognized: (1) erythropoietic and (2) hepatic. In the first, the overproduction occurs in relation to hemoglobin synthesis by cells in the bone marrow; in ...
(from the article "porphyria") ...body areas exposed to light; the teeth and bones are reddish brown. Anemia and enlargement of the spleen are frequently noted. The condition is thought to be transmitted as a ...
(from the article "Cycling") Cycling's fight to eliminate drugs and doping from the sport continued. The French sports daily L'Equipe claimed in August that Armstrong had taken the banned human hormone erythropoietin (EPO) during ...
(from the article "Malpighiales") ...with stipules that in many species grow between the petiole and the stem. The rather small flowers are in groups in the leaf axils, and both sepals and filaments persist ...
(from the article "Alps") ...of the modern Alpine economy is a combination of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, industries, and tourism. Mining has been carried out since Neolithic times and is still significant in the ...
city, eastern Turkey, on the northern bank of the Kara River, a major tributary of the Euphrates. The city is situated in a fertile plain, 3,900 feet (1,200 metres) above ...
city, eastern Turkey. It lies 6,400 feet (1,950 metres) above sea level in a fertile plain surrounded by high mountains. On a caravan route from Anatolia to Iran, Erzurum has ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Finno-Ugric religion") ...to the south, the differentiation of the Volga Finns into separate groups probably began about 1200 BC. The Volga Finns consist today of the Mordvins (including the Moksha in the ...
(from the article "Mordvin language") ...the Uralic language family, spoken in Mordvinia and neighbouring areas. The third largest Uralic language in number of speakers, Mordvin ranks after Hungarian and Finnish. It has two major dialects: ...
most important temple complex in ancient Babylon, dedicated to the god Marduk (q.v.), the tutelary deity of that city. The temple area was located south of the huge ziggurat called ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...reign of Esarhaddon of Assyria, who resumed building about 680 but did not finish. Nebuchadrezzar II was able to complete the whole building. The mean dimensions of Etemenanki are to ...
Japanese solid-state physicist and researcher in superconductivity who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian Josephson.
(from the article "Kandy") ...The Peradeniya Botanic Gardens and the University of Peradeniya (1942; reorganized 1972) are also situated to the southwest. The city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988. The ...
in the Old Testament (Genesis 25:19-34; 27; 28:6-9; 32:3-21; 33:1-16; 36), son of Isaac and Rebekah, elder twin brother of Jacob, and in Hebrew tradition the ancestor of the Edomites.
city, southwestern Jutland, Denmark, opposite Fano island on the North Sea. Founded in 1868, after the loss of North Slesvig (Schleswig) to Germany, to provide a new export outlet for ...
(from the article "Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church") The first congregations were organized in New Sweden, Iowa (1848), served by a lay pastor, and in Andover, Illinois (1850), served by Lars P. Esbjorn, the pioneer Swedish missionary pastor ...
(from the article "paracanthopterygian") ...or "fishing pole," which is a modified spine of the dorsal, or back, fin that has moved forward onto the top of the head. At the tip of the illicium ...
Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, who in 1776-77 with his superior Francisco Dominguez, while seeking a route to Monterey in California from Santa Fe (now in New Mexico), rediscovered the Grand Canyon ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "police") The most ancient strategy of crowd control, escalated force (the use of increasing amounts of force until the crowd disperses), still prevails in most countries that have not adopted Western-style ...
(from the article "war") ...similar. If individual states in competitive situations are governed by a short-term conception of their interests, acute conflicts between them will occur and will show a strong tendency to escalate. ...
genus of South American evergreen trees and shrubs in the family Grossulariaceae, order Rosales, comprising about 50 species. Members of the genus are found mainly in mountainous areas-notably in the ...
(from the article "Measure for Measure") ...exploited the sexual freedom of Vienna despite the wonderfully inept policing attempts of Constable Elbow are finally brought to justice, partly through the careful supervision of the magistrate Escalus. Vincentio ...
city, seat (1861) of Delta county, southern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. It is a port on Little Bay de Noc, an inlet of Green Bay, about 55 miles (90 ...
(from the article "conflict of laws") ...interests-and those of society-better than the mechanical application of traditional tort or contract choice-of-law rules. Consequently, courts and parties resorted to so-called "escape devices" that yielded better, more appropriate results. ...
(from the article "African literature") A variant of the trickster tale is the escape story, in which the hero extricates himself from an impossible task by imposing an impossible condition. One such story tells how ...
in astronomy and space exploration, the velocity that is sufficient for a body to escape from a gravitational centre of attraction without undergoing any further acceleration. Escape velocity decreases with ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "warrant") ...define the types of property subject to seizure; many of them restrict these categories to such objects as stolen property, weapons, and gambling equipment. Other judicial warrants include escape warrants, ...
(from the article "clock") In a pendulum clock an escape wheel is allowed to rotate through the pitch of one tooth for each double swing of the pendulum and to transmit an impulse to ...
in mechanics, a device that permits controlled motion, usually in steps. In a watch or clock, it is the mechanism that controls the transfer of energy from the power source ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "hopscotch") Hopscotch may also be played with a spiral diagram (this variant is known as escargot in France, for the spiral of the snail shell), in which players hop on one ...
(from the article "Mercury") ...The rim consists of a ring of irregular mountain blocks approaching 3 km (2 miles) in height, the highest mountains yet seen on Mercury, bounded on the interior by a ...
(from the article "ocean") ...on leading-edge, tectonically active margins such as that off the above-mentioned Borderland. Steep slopes usually have either a very poorly developed continental rise or none at all and are called ...
(from the article "Cummins, Albert Baird") ...progressive fight against the archconservative Senator Nelson W. Aldrich. Cummins opposed President Woodrow Wilson on the arming of merchantmen in 1917 and on the Treaty of Versailles. In 1920 the ...
town, southern Luxembourg, on the upper Alzette River, southwest of Luxembourg city, near the French border. A small village until 1870, it eventually became the second largest town in Luxembourg, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Urquiza, Justo Jose de") ...with the dictator Francisco Ramirez enabled Urquiza to enter politics. He was active in the political life of his native province for many years before he went to Buenos Aires ...
(from the article "burn") ...burn forms a crust, which falls off after two or three weeks, revealing minimally scarred skin beneath. Full-thickness burns will not form a crust because of the overlying dead skin, ...
(from the article "dualism") Another and perhaps more important distinction is that between dialectical and eschatological dualism. Dialectical dualism involves an eternal dialectic, or tension, of two opposed principles, such as, in Western culture, ...
the doctrine of the last things. It was originally a Western term, referring to Jewish, Christian, and Muslim beliefs about the end of history, the resurrection of the dead, the ... [25 Related Articles]
in feudal English land law, the return or forfeiture to the lord of land held by his tenant. There were generally two conditions by which land would escheat: the death ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Frankfurt am Main") ...and now Frankfurt's city hall) and two other gabled houses on the Romerberg (the city square surrounding the Romer). Other historical landmarks include the 155-foot- (47-metre-) tall Eschenheimer Tower (1400-28); ...
dominant figure in 19th-century Zurich politics and legislator of national prominence who, as a railway magnate, became a leading opponent of railway nationalization.
Swiss scientist and politician who was president of the Great Council of the Helvetic Republic (1798-99) and who was an outspoken opponent of federalism. He directed the canalization of the ...
(from the article "Health and Disease") In the U.S. during September and October, about 200 people scattered over 26 states became ill after eating spinach that was contaminated with the O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli. One-half ...
(from the article "keyboard instrument") The earliest known reference to a stringed keyboard instrument dates from 1360, when an instrument called the eschiquier was mentioned in account books of John II the Good, king of ...
Panamanian politician (b. Sept. 5, 1927, Panama City, Panama--d. Sept. 28, 1995, Panama City), as chief negotiator for the 1977 Panama Canal Treaties, helped his country regain control of the ...
Spanish Jesuit preacher and moral theologian who was derided for his support of probabilism, the theory according to which when the rightness or wrongness of a course of action is ...
(from the article "Colombia") ...quantities on boats and low-flying airplanes. Two major Mafia-like organizations-dubbed drug cartels-evolved from this illicit, lucrative trade: the first in Medellin, led by Pablo Escobar, and the second in Cali.
(from the article "Miranda v. Arizona") ...decisions of the Warren Court, which under Chief Justice Warren had become increasingly concerned about the methods used by local police to obtain confessions. In an earlier (1964) case, Escobedo ...
members of two rival Masonic lodges that exercised considerable political influence in early 19th-century Mexico; the names mean Scotsman and Yorkist, respectively, after the two orders of Freemasonry, the Scottish ...
French culinary artist known as "the king of chefs and the chef of kings," who earned a worldwide reputation as director of the kitchens at the Savoy Hotel (1890-99) and ... [3 Related Articles]
city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of San Diego and 18 miles (29 km) inland. The area was the site ...
(from the article "Nicaragua") ...Lake Nicaragua into the Caribbean in the northern corner of Costa Rica. Other rivers of the Caribbean watershed include the 158-mile- (254-km-) long Prinzapolka River, the 55-mile- (89-km-) long Escondido ...
(from the article "naval ship") For protecting merchant convoys from submarine attack, escort carriers were built in large numbers, mainly in the United States. Many were converted merchant ships, and others were specially built on ...
(from the article "naval ship") In the surface ships supporting aircraft carriers, the most important trend after 1945 was an amalgamation of types. In 1945 cruisers were armoured big-gun ships that were capable of operating ...
distributary of the Niger River in the western Niger delta, southern Nigeria. Its 35-mile (56-kilometre) westerly course traverses zones of mangrove swamps and coastal sand ridges before entering the Bight ...
Spanish prelate of the Roman Catholic church, founder in 1928 of Opus Dei, a Catholic organization of laymen and priests claiming to strive to live Christian lives in their chosen ... [1 Related Articles]
in Anglo-American law, an agreement, usually a written instrument, concerning an obligation between two or more parties, that gives a third party instructions that concern property put in his control ...
Gypsy dancer widely respected for his mastery of flamenco dance and for his adherence throughout his public career to an authentic style rarely distorted or commercialized. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "coin") ...within a bimetallic pattern by the ordinances of Ferdinand and Isabella issued in Medina del Campo in 1497. The double base of the system consisted of the gold excelente (replaced ...
city, southwestern Guatemala. It lies near the Guacalate River, on the southern flanks of the central highlands, at 1,109 feet (338 metres) above sea level. It is located 28 miles ...
in furniture design, an armorial shield sometimes applied to the centre of pediments on pieces of fine furniture and, also, the metal plate that surrounds a keyhole or the pivoting ...
lowland in northern Israel, dividing the hilly areas of Galilee in the north and Samaria (in the Israeli-occupied West Bank) in the south. Esdraelon is the Greek derivation of the ... [2 Related Articles]
apocryphal work that was included in the canon of the Septuagint (the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible) but is not part of any modern biblical canon; it is called ... [2 Related Articles]
apocryphal work printed in the Vulgate and many later Roman Catholic bibles as an appendix to the New Testament. The central portion of the work (chapters 3-14), consisting of seven ... [2 Related Articles]
Mongol chief who succeeded in temporarily reviving Mongol power in Central Asia by descending on China and capturing the Ming emperor Yingzong (reigning as Zhengtong, 1435-49). [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Julian, Percy L.") ...into chemicals essential to life, including vitamins and hormones; he then attempted to create the compounds artificially. Early in his career Julian attracted attention for synthesizing the drug physostigmine, used ...
major city of western Iran. Situated on the north bank of the Zayandeh River at an elevation of about 5,200 feet (1,600 metres), Esfahan is roughly 210 miles (340 km) ... [8 Related Articles]
floor covering handwoven in Esfahan (Isfahan), a city of central Iran that became the capital under Shah 'Abbas I at the end of the 16th century. Although accounts of European ... [1 Related Articles]
last great school of Persian miniature painting, at its height in the early 17th century under the patronage of the Safavid ruler Shah 'Abbas I (d. 1629). The Esfahan school's ... [3 Related Articles]
' ("Universal Mosque"), a complex of buildings in Esfahan, Iran, that centres on the 11th-century domed sanctuary and includes a second smaller domed chamber, built in 1088, known for its ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "dance notation") The system developed by the Israeli dance theorist Noa Eshkol and the architect Abraham Wachmann was first published in English as Movement Notation in 1958. It took ...
ancient city in the Diyala River valley lying about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Baghdad in east-central Iraq. The excavations carried out by the Oriental Institute of the University ... [5 Related Articles]
