borough (district), administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England. Its eastern boundary is the River Erewash, from which the borough takes its name. It is bounded on the south by ...
(from the article "Europe, history of") Understandably resentful, the Germans wavered between two possible responses: refusal to pay, as urged by ultra-nationalists and some industrialists, and the so-called Erfullungspolitik, or "policy of fulfillment," advocated by Rathenau ...
city, capital of Thuringia Land (state), central Germany. It is located in the Thuringian Basin, on the Gera River, 200 miles (320 km) southwest of Berlin. It ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kautsky, Karl") ...Kautsky founded and edited the Marxist review Neue Zeit, publishing it in Zurich, London, Berlin, and Vienna until 1917. In 1891 the Social Democrats adopted his Erfurt ...
(March 20-April 29, 1850), conference called by Prussia to form a union of German states headed jointly by Prussia and Austria. Opposed by Austria, the plan failed to win the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de, prince de Benevent") Though no longer a minister, Talleyrand was still consulted by Napoleon, and in September 1808 he accompanied Napoleon to a congress of European sovereigns at Erfurt, Prussia. There Talleyrand had ...
in a desert region, area of large accumulation of sand, generally in the bottom of a huge basin in which a former river piled up alluvium. Ergs are areas of ... [6 Related Articles]
unit of energy or work in the centimetre-gram-second system of physical units used in physics; to lift a pound weight one foot requires 1.356 × 107 ergs. It equals the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "international law") International law also has established a category of erga omnes (Latin: "toward all") obligations, which apply to all states. Whereas in ordinary obligations the defaulting state bears ...
(from the article "Australian Aboriginal languages") Many Australian languages share a case system that attaches ergative suffixes to independent nouns and accusative suffixes to personal pronouns. Because word order does not indicate which noun is the ...
(from the article "vitamin D") ...formed by metabolic processes in animals, and ergosterol, present in vegetable oils. The action of sunlight converts these two compounds, respectively, to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (also called calciferol ...
(from the article "Birkhoff, George David") foremost American mathematician of the early 20th century, who formulated the ergodic theorem.relation to stochastic processesprobability theoryStationary processesA remarkable generalization ...
(from the article "drug") Ergot alkaloids are produced by a parasitic fungus that grows on cereal crops. Among the many biologically active constituents of ergot, ergotamine and ergonovine are the most important. The main ...
a white crystalline organic solid of the molecular formula C28H44O belonging to the steroid family. It is found only in fungi (e.g, Saccharomyces and other yeasts and ... [2 Related Articles]
fungal disease of cereal grasses, especially rye, caused by the ascomycete fungus Claviceps purpurea. In an ear of rye infected with ergot, a sweet, yellowish mucus is exuded for a ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Representative toxic microfungi") ...a small, 3-4-centimetre (about 1 13-inch) mushroomlike fruiting structure with a bright orange head, or cap. A related genus, Claviceps, includes C. purpurea, the cause of ergot of rye and ...
(from the article "drug") Ergot alkaloids are produced by a parasitic fungus that grows on cereal crops. Among the many biologically active constituents of ergot, ergotamine and ergonovine are the most important. The main ...
(from the article "semen") ...the sperm cells. Sperm mature in the epididymis; they then pass through a long tube called the ductus, or vas, deferens to another storage area, the ampulla. The ampulla secretes ...
(from the article "Kleitias") ...superimposed zones) that decorate the vase's surface. In content alone, the Francois Vase is an encyclopaedia of the epic themes popular during the Archaic period. The vase is signed "Ergotimos ...
(from the article "Anthony of Egypt, Saint") ...Hospitallers of St. Anthony was founded near Grenoble, France (c. 1100), and this institution became a pilgrimage centre for persons suffering from the disease known as St. Anthony's fire (or ...
(from the article "arts, East Asian") Peking melodies themselves tend to fall into two prototypes called hsi-p'i and erh-huang. Within each of these general types there are several well-known tunes, but the word "prototype" has been ...
(from the article "Tanzania") ...in Tanganyika in the 19th century were missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Johann Ludwig Krapf and Johannes Rebmann, who in the late 1840s reached Kilimanjaro. It was a fellow ...
economist and statesman who, as economics minister (1949-63), was the chief architect of West Germany's post-World War II economic recovery. He served as German chancellor from 1963-66. [3 Related Articles]
bowed, two-stringed Chinese vertical fiddle, the most popular of this class of instruments. The strings of the erhu, commonly tuned a fifth apart, are stretched over a wooden drumlike resonator ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Oceanic literature") ...jokes, risque tales, and tall tales in Epeli Hau'ofa's Tales of the Tikongs (1983). Oral forms have also been used in written works for specific thematic purposes. For example, Vincent ...
(from the article "Ericales") Ericaceae, or the heath family, is the largest family in Ericales, containing more than a third of its genera (128) and species (about 4,000), with many new species still being ...
town, northwestern Sicily, Italy; it lies at 2,464 feet (751 m) above sea level on the top of Monte San Giuliano (also called Monte Erice), just northeast of Trapani city. ...
British military historian (b. April 17, 1929, Newcastle, Eng.-d. Feb. 10, 2002, Edinburgh, Scot.), was widely regarded as the West's foremost authority on the Soviet Union's military development, in particular ...
ancient Sumerian city south of modern Ur (Tall al-Muqayyar), Iraq. Eridu was revered as the oldest city in Sumer according to the king lists, and its patron god was Enki ... [6 Related Articles]
in Mesopotamian religious literature, ancient Sumerian epic primarily concerned with the creation of the world, the building of cities, and the flood. According to the epic, after the universe was ... [1 Related Articles]
Iroquoian-speaking North American Indians who inhabited most of what is now northern Ohio, parts of northwestern Pennsylvania, and western New York; they were often referred to as the Cat Nation. ... [2 Related Articles]
city, seat (1803) of Erie county, northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies on the southeastern shore of Lake Erie, where a 6-mile (10-km) peninsula encloses a fine natural harbour; the city ... [2 Related Articles]
county, extreme western New York state, U.S., bounded to the south by Cattaraugus Creek, to the west by Lake Erie, to the northwest by the Niagara River, and to the ...
county, extreme northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S., bordered by Lake Erie to the northwest, New York state to the northeast, and Ohio to the southwest. It consists of low hills that rise ...
(from the article "Erie") ...largely supplied the region's agricultural economy. Erie's first iron foundries used bog ore from the bay swamps. Economic development increased and diversified with the opening (1844) of the Erie and ...
historic waterway of the United States, connecting the Great Lakes with New York City via the Hudson River at Albany. Taking advantage of the Mohawk River gap in the Appalachian ... [15 Related Articles]
U.S. railroad running between New York City, Buffalo, and Chicago, through the southern counties of New York state and skirting Lake Erie. It was incorporated in 1832 as the New ... [3 Related Articles]
fourth largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It forms the boundary between Canada (Ontario) to the north and the United States (Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York) ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "New York") A plateaulike region known as the Erie-Ontario Lowlands lies to the north of the Appalachian Highlands and west of the Mohawk valley and extends along the southern shores of the ...
theologian, translator, and commentator on several earlier authors in works centring on the integration of Greek and Neoplatonist philosophy with Christian belief. [8 Related Articles]
in Greek mythology, daughter of Icarius, the hero of the Attic deme (township) of Icaria. Her father, who had been taught by the god Dionysus to make wine, gave some ...
(from the article "Denmark") ...also legislated on various issues. Five of Sweyn's sons succeeded each other on the throne: Harald Hen (ruled 1074-80), Canute IV (the Holy; 1080-86), Oluf Hunger (1086-95), Erik Ejegod (1095-1103), ...
(from the article "Sweden") ...affairs of the eastern provinces and commanded the expeditions abroad. Birger was appointed jarl in 1248 by the last member of the family of St. Erik, Erik ...
king of Norway (c. 930-935) and later king of Northumberland (948, 952-954). On the death of his father, Harald I Fairhair, first king of united Norway, Erik attempted to make ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Norway") Magnus was succeeded by his young son Erik II (1280-99). Erik's regency was led by secular magnates who controlled central power throughout his reign. The church tried to win privileges ...
(from the article "Sverrir Sigurdsson") ...return to Norway in 1183. Sverrir's assertion of royal power to elect bishops and his demand for a reduction in the archbishop's personal armed forces, however, alienated Eystein's successor, Erik ...
(from the article "Christianity") ...Leif Eriksson took the faith to Greenland's Viking settlers, who quickly accepted it. After several efforts Sweden became Christian during the reign of Sverker (c. 1130-56). Sweden's Eric IX controlled ...
(from the article "Sweden") ...centre of Sweden. Sverker sided with the church and established several cloisters staffed by French monks; he was murdered about 1156. During the later years of Sverker's reign, a pretender ...
(from the article "Sweden") ...law and a separate system of taxation, protected by royal privileges, and the pretenders sought the church's sanction for their candidacies. The first known coronation by the archbishop was that ...
(from the article "Sweden") ...providing for the election of the king, preferably from among the royal sons, and a new town law code was written that gave the German merchants considerable privileges. In 1344 ...
(from the article "Sweden") ...magnates, especially by the marsk, Torgils Knutsson; even after Birger's coronation in 1302, Torgils retained much of his power. The king's younger brothers Erik and Valdemar, who ...
founder of the first European settlement on Greenland (c. 986) and the father of Leif Eriksson, one of the first Europeans to reach North America. [2 Related Articles]
king of Denmark (1259-86) whose reign saw the expansion of the power of the great nobles and prelates, formalized by the royal charter of 1282, and the restoration of Danish ...
king of Denmark (1286-1319) under whom the conflict between church and monarchy, which had first arisen during the rule of his grandfather Christopher I, reached its peak and was tenuously ...
king of the united realms of Denmark, Norway (as Erik III), and Sweden (as Erik XIII) from 1397 to 1439; his autocratic rule and foreign wars eventually lost him the ... [7 Related Articles]
king of Sweden (1560-68) who expanded the powers of the monarchy and pursued an aggressive foreign policy that led to the Seven Years' War of the North (1563-70) against Denmark. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Literature") ...on modest lives, the promise of the past, and the problematic present. Merete Pryds Helle's Det glade vanvid followed life in an ordinary family and tested the boundaries of self ...
(from the article "skiing") Somersaulting and other tricks were exhibited before World War I, but it was not until about 1950 that such stunts (aerials) were popularized by Norwegian Stein Eriksen, who won a ...
German-born American psychoanalyst whose writings on social psychology, individual identity, and the interactions of psychology with history, politics, and culture influenced professional approaches to psychosocial problems and attracted much popular ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Badminton") ...Lin Dan proved why he held the sport's top ranking by defeating Denmark's Peter Gade in a closely contested final. Denmark was more successful, however, in the men's doubles championship, ...
Canadian-born American psychologist, writer, and craftsperson who, in addition to pursuing her own arts and crafts interests, collaborated with her husband, Erik Erikson, on a human-development theory that proposed that ...
(from the article "Literature") ...av ododa, estrangement is turned into horror-a well-balanced mix of realism and shock-when a strange weather phenomenon over Stockholm calls all the newly dead back to life. In Ulf Eriksson's ...
(from the article "insectivore") ...relationship with other lipotyphlans and even with other mammalian orders is unresolved. Moles (family Talpidae) are sometimes classified in this group.23 species in 7 ...
(from the article "insectivore") 18 species in 7 genera from Africa. Tenrecs (family Tenricidae) may actually be a member of this group.23 species in 1 family. 4 fossil families contain 15 genera and ...
Greek poet of the Aegean island of Telos, known in antiquity for "The Distaff," a hexameter poem of lament for a friend, written in the local Dorian dialect. Surviving fragments ...
(from the article "Poales") Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae are generally tufted herbs with rosettes of leaves and flowers clustered into capitate inflorescences. Eriocaulaceae, or the pipewort family, contains 10 genera of small tufted herbs with ...
the pipewort order of monocotyledonous flowering plants (i.e., those characterized by one seed leaf), consisting of one family, Eriocaulaceae, with 13 genera of small, tufted herbs with grasslike leaves that ...
(from the article "Eriocaulales") ...is considered to have a common evolutionary origin with the spiderwort order (Commelinales) from an ancestor in the lily order (Liliales). The chief genera are Paepalanthus (485 species), Eriocaulon (400 ...
(from the article "lepidopteran") ...small species, a few found in the Northern Hemisphere, more in Australia and New Zealand; adults eat pollen; larvae eat mosses and liverworts.24 species in 1 family; females with ...
(from the article "umbrella plant") Eriogonum alenii, native to the western United States, is a white woolly member of the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). It grows to 50 cm (20 inches). Another umbrella plant, in the ...
hydrated sodium-potassium-calcium aluminosilicate mineral in the zeolite family, one of the most abundant zeolites present in sedimentary rocks. Its chemical composition is approximately represented by the formula (Na2,K2,Ca)2Al4Si14O36·15H2O. It forms ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Pteridaceae") ...consists of about 16 tropical species, which are occasionally cultivated in greenhouses for the colourful yellow or white farina found on the lower leaf surfaces of most species. The species ...
large, distant body of the solar system, revolving around the Sun well beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered in 2005 in images ... [3 Related Articles]
in Greco-Roman mythology, the personification of strife. She was called the daughter of Nyx (Night) by Hesiod, but she was sister and companion of Ares (the Roman Mars) in Homer's ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Georgian literature") The development of Georgian theatre, which needed prosperous city dwellers, was stunted during the 19th century. Its sole significant dramatist was Giori Eristavi, who edited a literary journal, directed the ...
(from the article "logic, history of") ...the art of defending or attacking a thesis by means of argument. This concern for the techniques of argument on occasion merely led to verbal displays of debating skills, what ...
(from the article "Bexley") The settlement of the region dates to the Paleolithic Period, and deneholes (ancient underground chambers) and traces of Roman settlement have been found there. Erith was granted a charter as ...
country of the Horn of Africa, located on the Red Sea. Its 600 miles (1,000 kilometres) of coastline extend from Cape Kasar, in the north, to the Strait of Mandeb, ... [30 Related Articles]
national flag consisting of triangles of green, red, and blue and a yellow emblem off-centre toward the hoist. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
(from the article "Eritrea") HistoryBattle of AdwaAdwa, Battle of...Ababa, signed in October 1896, abrogated the Treaty of Wichale and reestablished peace. The Italian claim ...
(from the article "Eritrea") Eritrea's population consists of several ethnic groups, each with its own language and cultural tradition. The Eritrean highlands are an extension of the Ethiopian Plateau to the south, and the ...
(from the article "eastern Africa, history of") In July 1960 a group of mostly Muslim exiles in Cairo announced the establishment of the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). Its manifesto, which called for armed struggle to obtain Eritrea's ...
secessionist movement that successfully fought for the creation of an independent Eritrean nation out of the northernmost province of Ethiopia in 1993. [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "Eritrea") The war of independenceEritrean People's Liberation FrontEritrean People's Liberation Frontsecessionist movement that successfully fought for the creation of an independent ...
(from the article "Helsingin Sanomat") The newspaper was founded in 1889 by Eero Erkko as the Paivalehti. In 1904 it was suppressed, but it resumed publication some months later. Its progressive stance ...
(from the article "Helsingin Sanomat") ...resumed publication some months later. Its progressive stance and independent-liberal policy attracted writers who gave the paper a vigorous tone even while Finland was ruled by Russia (until 1917). Eljas ...
politician and prime minister of Sweden (1946-69). His tenure as prime minister coincided with the years when the Swedish welfare state was most successful and the so-called "Swedish Model" attracted ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Denmark") The first one began during the reign of Erik IV (1241-50), who disagreed with the pope's installation of Jakob Erlandsen as bishop of Roskilde. The conflict lasted through the reign ...
city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. It lies at the junction of the Schwabach and Regnitz rivers, just north of Nurnberg. Founded in the 8th century, Erlangen ...
(from the article "Protestantism") ...England. The chief exponents of this group were Wilhelm Lohe (1808-72), who had great influence on American Lutheranism, and August Vilmar (1800-68). The third group, the so-called Erlangen school, rejected ...
(from the article "mathematics") ...and projective geometry. The first notable attempt to reorganize the study of geometry was made by the German mathematician Felix Klein and published at Erlangen in 1872. In his
(from the article "Erlanger Loan") In 1863 the Confederacy entered into an arrangement with the French banking house of Emile Erlanger & Company. Erlanger agreed to market $15,000,000 worth of Confederate bonds backed by cotton. ...
American physiologist, who received (with Herbert Gasser) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for discovering that fibres within the same nerve cord possess different functions. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "China") The archaeological classification of Middle Shang is represented by the remains found at Erligang (c. 1600 BC) near Zhengzhou, some 50 miles (80 km) to the east of Erlitou. The ...
(from the article "dualism") Other dualistic concepts among primitive peoples posit opposite the supreme being a violent and death-bearing "second" figure of a demiurgical type. The character of Erlik in the mythologies of the ...
