in colonial Spanish America, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the Indian population in its American colonies. It was based upon the practice ... [12 Related Articles]
a prose or poetic work in which a person, thing, or abstract idea is glorified. Originally an encomium was a Greek choral song honouring the hero of the Olympic Games ...
(from the article "mental disorder") ...physical symptoms that are often listed among psychiatric disorders of childhood include stuttering, enuresis (the repeated involuntary emptying of urine from the bladder during the day or night), encopresis (the ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") In a unique attempt to keep new pieces in the repertoire, conductor Sir Simon Rattle announced that he would be the patron of the Encore project, in which works that ...
(from the article "sensitivity training") ...technique in which intensive group discussion and interaction are used to increase individual awareness of self and others; it is practiced in a variety of forms under such names as ...
(from the article "Ottoman Empire") The Young Turks were the first Ottoman reformers to promote industrialization, with a Law for the Encouragement of Industry (1909, revised 1915). Although they had little success, they did build ...
(from the article "horse racing") In France, La Societe d'Encouragement pour l'Amelioration des Races de Chevaux en France (founded 1833) administers French racing, owns major racetracks and training centres, and, since 1969, has published the ...
member of an ascetic Christian sect led by Tatian, a 2nd-century Syrian rhetorician. The name derived from the group's doctrine of continence (Greek: enkrateia). The sect shunned marriage, the eating ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "enamelwork") Encrusted enamelling is the term used to describe the technique of enamelling the irregular surfaces of objects or figures in the round or in very high relief. Both opaque and ...
(from the article "education") The term education can be applied to primitive cultures only in the sense of enculturation, which is the process of cultural transmission. A primitive person, whose culture is the totality ...
pastoral letter written by the pope for the whole Roman Catholic church on matters of doctrine, morals, or discipline. Although formal papal letters for the entire church were issued from ... [2 Related Articles]
reference work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner. [10 Related Articles]
the oldest English-language general encyclopaedia. The Encyclopaedia Britannica has been published since 1768, when its first edition began to appear in Edinburgh, Scotland. [33 Related Articles]
(from the article "encyclopaedia") ...they could be produced. Many early dictionaries were little more than enlarged glossaries, but from the time of Suidas onward there began to appear a type of dictionary-now called encyclopaedic-that ...
American general encyclopaedia, published in Danbury, Conn., by Grolier, Inc., the second largest encyclopaedia in English and the first major multivolume encyclopaedia published in the United States. [2 Related Articles]
(French: "Encyclopaedia, or Classified Dictionary of Sciences, Arts, and Trades"), the 18th-century French encyclopaedia that was one of the chief works of the Philosophes, men dedicated to the advancement of ... [17 Related Articles]
(from the article "amoeba") During adverse environmental periods many amoebas survive by encystment: the amoeba becomes circular, loses most of its water, and secretes a cyst membrane that serves as a protective covering. When ...
(from the article "stringed instrument") ...outer strings. The middle bout meets the upper and lower to form outturned corners, where the ribs are brought together and glued firmly to corner blocks within the instrument. Other ...
(from the article "cam") ...on its face to fit a roller on the follower (face cam); (3) a cylindrical or conical member with a follower groove cut around the surface; (4) a cylinder with ...
(from the article "sound") ...located exactly at the closed end of a tube, but the antinode, owing to the way a wave reflects when it hits the open end, is actually out past the ...
(from the article "stringed instrument") ..."under the chin." The cello (customary abbreviation of violoncello) and double bass both stand vertically on the floor, the first resting on a long steel rod called the end pin, ...
(from the article "titration") ...point of a titration, an exactly equivalent amount of titrant has been added to the sample. The experimental point at which the completion of the reaction is marked by some ...
in poetry, a rhyme that occurs in the last syllables of verses, as in stanza one of Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening": Whose woods these are ...
in prosody, a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse, as in these lines from Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism:A little learning is a dangerous thing;Drink ...
(from the article "soil mechanics") ...removed to place it equals the weight of the building; thus, once the building is completed, the soil under it will bear the same weight it bore before excavation was ...
(from the article "flute") ...by a stream of air directed against a sharp edge, upon which the air breaks up into eddies that alternate regularly above and below the edge, setting into vibration the ...
(from the article "garnet") ...formula for hydrogarnets would be A3B2(SiO4)3 - x(H4O4)x, and the general formula for an end-member hydrogarnet would be A3B2(H4O4)3.micasmicaChemical compositionFew ...
chemically induced change in electric potential of the motor end plate, the portion of the muscle-cell membrane that lies opposite the terminal of a nerve fibre at the neuromuscular junction. ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "metabolism") ...produced as the end product of that pathway, and the pacemaker enzyme on which the effector acts usually catalyzes the first step that uniquely leads to the end product. This ...
(from the article "conservation") For species that are hunted or collected, direct protection may be an essential conservation tool. National laws, such as the Endangered Species Act in the United States, make collecting or ...
(from the article "Panama") ...Gen. Omar Torrijos and candidate of the main opposition Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), won more than 47% of the vote and easily defeated the second-place finisher, former president Guillermo Endara, ...
(from the article "nervous system, human") The cerebrum, derived from the telencephalon, is the largest, uppermost portion of the brain. It is involved with sensory integration, control of voluntary movement, and higher intellectual functions, such as ...
(from the article "automata theory") ...neurons. Diagrammatically they could be represented by a circle and a line (together representing the body, or soma, of a physiological neuron) leading to an arrowhead or a solid dot ...
(from the article "Flores") ...found in profusion there. Flores is largely mountainous, especially in the west, where Mandasawu Peak reaches 7,900 feet (2,400 metres). Several active volcanoes are in the centre and east. Near ...
(from the article "Worpswede school") ...of the earlier 19th-century Barbizon school in France. Fritz Mackensen and Otto Modersohn were the first to arrive; during the 1890s they were joined by Paula Becker (who later married ...
(from the article "arts, East Asian") The German architects Hermann Ende and Wilhelm Bockmann were active in Japan from the late 1880s. Their expertise in the construction of government ministry buildings was applied to the growing ...
German children's writer who was best known for his fantasy stories Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver,Momo, and The Neverending Story (b. Nov. 12, 1929--d. Aug. 28, 1995). [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Life Sciences") ...to date for the common ancestor of the two lineages of bony fish. A fossil from the Late Devonian of Quebec revealed for the first time the gill structure of ...
(from the article "disease") When a disease is prevalent in an area over long periods of time, it is considered to be endemic in that area. When the prevalence of disease is subject to ...
(from the article "goitre") The most common type of goitre is endemic goitre, caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is an essential nutrient that is required for the production of thyroid hormone. When iodine intake ...
(from the article "biodiversity") More generally, areas differ in the biodiversity of species found only there. Species having relatively small ranges are called endemic species. On remote oceanic islands, almost all the native species ...
(from the article "biogeographic region") A taxon whose distribution is confined to a given area is said to be endemic to that area. The taxon may be of any rank, although it is usually at ...
(from the article "Spinoza, Benedict de") Among Spinoza's Christian acquaintances was Franciscus van den Enden, who was a former Jesuit, an ardent classical scholar, and something of a poet and dramatist and who had opened a ...
one of the Phoenix Islands, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean, about 1,650 miles (2,660 km) southwest of Hawaii. Its lagoon is shallow and brackish. The coral island ... [1 Related Articles]
region of Antarctica, bordering on the Indian Ocean and extending from Prince Olav Coast of Queen Maud Land (west) to Edward VIII Bay and Kemp Coast (east). Primarily a barren, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "metalwork") ...molds did not remain fashionable in Nurnberg for long, and toward the end of the 16th century engraved molds were being used here as well. The work of Francois Briot ...
American virologist and microbiologist who, with Frederick C. Robbins and Thomas H. Weller, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for 1954 for his part in cultivating the ... [4 Related Articles]
U.S. diplomat who played a leading role in the secret bombing of Cambodia during the Vietnam War, dealt with the aftermath of the first OPEC oil crisis, and guided U.S. ...
(from the article "Turkish literature") ...Enderuni combined local Istanbul speech with a strong reminder of Nedim's kasides and gazels in his poetry. Fazil Enderuni went even further in his ...
(from the article "Business Overview") ...between SUEZ and state-owned Gaz de France in order to block a bid for SUEZ by Italy's Enel. The Spanish government attempted to foil a proposed bid by Germany's utility ...
U.S. blacklisted film director who took residence in Britain, after which he made such films as Hell Drivers and Zulu (b. Nov. 10, 1914--d. April 16, 1995).
(from the article "chess") Computers have played a role in extending the knowledge of chess. In 1986 Kenneth Thompson of AT&T Bell Laboratories reported a series of discoveries in basic endgames. By working backward ...
(from the article "African music") ...exemplified by the rebeclike goje of Nigeria and the spike fiddles masenqo of Ethiopia and endingidi of Uganda-the last being a ...
(Cichorium endivia), edible annual leafy plant of the family Asteraceae, variously believed to have originated in Egypt and Indonesia and cultivated in Europe since the 16th century. Its many varieties ...
(from the article "vanadinite") ...occurrences are as orange, red, or brown hairlike or barrel-shaped crystals in the oxidized zone of lead deposits as in the Urals, Russia; Transvaal, S.Af.; Chihuahua, Mex.; and Arizona, U.S. ...
(from the article "bivalve") ...that is retained by adults of some bivalve groups, such as the true mussels (family Mytilidae) of marine and estuarine shores and the family Dreissenidae of fresh and estuarine waters. ...
(from the article "cannibalism") In some cases, the body of a dead person was ritually eaten by his relatives, a form called endocannibalism. Some Aboriginal Australians performed such practices as acts of respect. In ...
inflammation of the heart lining, or endocardium. Endocarditis is caused by any of a number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, rickettsias, and possibly viruses, that enter the bloodstream and become ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "animal development") ...cells breaks away from the ventral edge of the lateral plate, takes a position just underneath the pharyngeal endoderm, and becomes arranged in the form of a thin-walled tube, which ...
(from the article "angiosperm") ...form, texture, and structure of fruits are varied (notably in simple fruits), but most fall within a few categories. The fruit wall, or pericarp, is divided into three regions: the ...
(from the article "linguistics") Any construction that belongs to the same form class as at least one of its immediate constituents is described as endocentric; the only endocentric construction in the model sentence above ...
(from the article "uterine cervix") ...(1.6 inches) long, projects about 2 centimetres into the upper vaginal cavity. The cervical opening into the vagina is called the external os; the cavity running the length of the ...
(from the article "bone formation") ...The cartilage cells die out and are replaced by osteoblasts clustered in ossification centres. Bone formation proceeds outward from these centres. This replacement of cartilage by bone is known as ...
(from the article "ear, human") ...mechanism the hair cell uses to convert sound into an electrical stimulus is not completely understood, but certain key features are known. One of the most important aspects of this ...
(from the article "digestive system, human") Eighteen different endocrine cells can be identified within the gastrointestinal tract, but it is probable that several of these and their particular peptides are evolutionary vestiges that functioned in other ...
any of the systems found in animals for the production of hormones, substances that regulate the functioning of the organism. Such a system may range, at its simplest, from the ... [11 Related Articles]
group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by secreting chemical substances called hormones. Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target ... [24 Related Articles]
medical discipline dealing with the role of hormones and other biochemical mediators in regulating bodily functions and with the treatment of imbalances of these hormones. Although some endocrine diseases, such ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "arthropod") ...In most terrestrial arthropods, such as insects and spiders, the epicuticle contains waxes that aid in reducing evaporative water loss. The procuticle consists of an outer exocuticle and an inner ...
(from the article "cell") In this process the cell membrane engulfs portions of the external medium, forms an almost complete sphere around it, and then draws the membrane-bounded vesicle, called an endosome, into the ...
the innermost of the three germ layers, or masses of cells (lying within ectoderm and mesoderm), which appears early in the development of an animal embryo. The endoderm subsequently gives ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "cortex") ...resins, latex, essential oils, and tannins. In roots and in some herbaceous stems but not usually in woody stems, the innermost layer of cortical cells is differentiated into a cell ...
in dentistry, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the dental pulp and the surrounding tissues. (The dental pulp is soft tissue in the centre of the tooth; it contains ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "gastropod") A group possessing marginal teeth of radula with squarish basal plates and 1 to several cusps; small litter or tree snails mainly in Southern Hemisphere (Endodontidae); slugs (Arionidae and Philomycidae) ...
custom enjoining one to marry within one's own group. The penalties for transgressing endogamous restrictions have varied greatly among cultures and have ranged from death to mild disapproval. When marriage ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "gold processing") The major ores of gold contain gold in its native form and are both exogenetic (formed at the Earth's surface) and endogenetic (formed within the Earth). The best-known of the ...
(from the article "economics") ...each industry, definite assumptions about the character of technical progress in the economy, monetary and financial equations, and much more. The new growth theory of the 1990s was labeled "endogenous ...
(from the article "fungus") ...by formation of sporangiospores; example genera include Mucor, Parasitella, Phycomyces, Pilobolus, and Rhizopus.Saprobic or mycorrhizal; filamentous; coenocytic mycelium; underground sporocarp; example genera include Endogone, Peridiospora, Sclerogone,...
(from the article "ear, human") ...cochlea. These waves move around the tip of the cochlea through the helicotrema into the scala tympani and dissipate as they hit the round window (Figure 8). The wave motion ...
(from the article "sound reception") ...semicircular canals open; and an inferior division, which includes the saccule (also a small sac) and its derivatives. Arising at or near the connection between the utricle and the saccule ...
(from the article "diagnosis") Another form of aspiration biopsy is the endometrial biopsy, in which the specimen is obtained by applying suction through a curette inserted into the uterus to obtain cells from the ...
disorder of the female reproductive system characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue (uterine lining) in an abnormal location. [2 Related Articles]
inflammation of the endometrium, the mucous lining of the uterus. Endometritis is most commonly caused by infection with sexually transmitted organisms such as Chlamydia (and in these ...
(from the article "reproductive system, human") The innermost layer of tissue in the uterus is the mucous membrane, or endometrium. It lines the uterine cavity as far as the isthmus of the uterus, where it becomes ...
(from the article "fern") ...(chromosome pairs) at meiosis, and reduction division results in irregular, deformed, and inviable spores. In the sporangia of apogamous ferns, however, automatic doubling of chromosomes occurs by endomitosis. In these ...
a human physical type (somatotype) tending toward roundness, as determined by the physique classification system developed by American psychologist W.H. Sheldon. The extreme endomorph has a body as nearly globular ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "meat processing") ...muscle bundles. Muscle bundles are further divided into smaller cylindrical muscle fibres (cells) of varying lengths that are individually wrapped with a thin connective tissue sheath called the endomysium. Each ...
(from the article "nucleic acid") Nucleases are enzymes that hydrolytically cleave the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. Endonucleases cleave in the middle of chains, while exonucleases operate selectively by degrading from the end of the chain. ...
(from the article "parasitism") ...may be characterized as ectoparasites-including ticks, fleas, leeches, and lice-which live on the body surface of the host and do not themselves commonly cause disease in the host; or endoparasites, ...
(from the article "locomotion") ...Its cytoplasm (the living substance surrounding the nucleus) is divided into two parts: a peripheral layer, or ectoplasm, of gel (a semisolid, jellylike substance) enclosing an inner mass, or endoplasm, ...
in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell and is important in the biosynthesis, processing, and transport of ... [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "insect") ...flat over abdomen with membranous tips of front wings overlapping; ocelli present or absent; compound eyes usually well developed.Metamorphosis complex, accompanied by a pupal instar; immature stages differ ...
in the Old Testament (1 Samuel 28:3-25), a female sorcerer who was visited by Saul, the first king of Israel. Although Saul had banished all sorcerers and conjurers from his ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "inland water ecosystem") ...Exorheic regions are open systems in which surface waters ultimately drain to the ocean in well-defined patterns that involve streams and rivers temporarily impounded by permanent freshwater lakes. Endorheic regions ...
any of a group of opiate proteins with pain-relieving properties that are found naturally in the brain. The main substances identified as endorphins include the enkephalins, beta-endorphin, and dynorphin, which ... [5 Related Articles]
