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Essex ... ether

Essex: county, extreme northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., bordered by New Hampshire to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Its topography is largely hilly, with coastal lowlands in the east ...
Essex: county, northeastern New York state, U.S. It comprises a mountainous region bounded by the Ausable River to the northeast, Vermont to the east (Lake Champlain constituting the border), Lake George ...
Essex: town (township), Chittenden county, northwestern Vermont, U.S., on the Winooski River just east of Burlington. Chartered in 1763 and settled in 1783, it consists of the villages of Essex Junction ...
Essex: county, northeastern Vermont, U.S., bordered to the north by Quebec, Can., and to the east by New Hampshire, the Connecticut River constituting that boundary. It is a mountainous region, with ...
Essex: one of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England; i.e., that of the East Saxons. An area of early settlement, it probably originally included the territory of the modern county of Middlesex; ...
Essex: administrative, geographic, and historic county of eastern England, extending along the North Sea coastline between the Thames and Stour estuaries. The administrative county covers an area within the larger geographic ...
Essex: county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., bounded by Newark Bay to the southeast and the Passaic River to the east and west. The county's topography ranges from coastal lowland in the ...
Essex Decision: decision rendered by the British High Court of Admiralty in 1804 and confirmed the following year, which contributed to the bad feeling between the United States and Great Britain that ...
Essex Junto: in early U.S. history, a group of Federalist political leaders in Massachusetts. John Hancock coined the name for his Essex County opponents at the state constitutional convention of 1778. The ...
Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st earl of, Viscount Malden, Baron Capel Of Hadham: English statesman, a member of the "Triumvirate" that dominated policy at the time of the Popish Plot (1678).
Essex, Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st earl of: the worst of a number of cruel and lawless barons during the reign of King Stephen of England.
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of, Viscount Hereford, Lord Ferrers, Lord Bourchier: English soldier and courtier famous for his relationship with Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603). While still a young man, Essex succeeded his stepfather, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester (died 1588), ...
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd earl of, Viscount Hereford Lord Ferrers, Lord Bourchier: English nobleman who commanded, with notable lack of success, the Parliamentary army against Charles I's forces in the first three years of the English Civil Wars.
Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st earl of, Viscount Hereford, Lord Ferrers, Lord Bourchier: English soldier who led an unsuccessful colonizing expedition to the Irish province of Ulster from 1573 to 1575. The atrocities he committed there contributed to the bitterness the Irish felt ...
essexite: dark gray to black, fine-grained, intrusive igneous rock that occurs in Essex County, Mass.; at Mount Royal, near Montreal; near Oslo, Nor.; at Roztoky, Czech Republic; and at Carclout, Scot. ...
Esslingen: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along the Neckar River, just southeast of Stuttgart. Mentioned in 777 as Cella and in 866 as Hetsilinga, it ...
Esso: any of several foreign affiliates of the Exxon Corporation (q.v.).
established church: a church recognized by law as the official church of a state or nation and supported by civil authority. Though not strictly created by a legal contract, the legal establishment ...
Estado de S. Paulo, O: influential newspaper published daily in Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city. O Estado is widely respected for its thorough coverage of national and international news, its publication of the texts of ...
Estado Novo: (Portuguese: "New State"), the dictatorship (1937-45) of President Getulio Vargas of Brazil, initiated by a new constitution issued in November 1937. Vargas himself wrote it with the assistance of his ...
Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d': commander of the first French fleet sent in support of the American colonists during the American Revolution.
estampie: courtly dance of the 12th-14th century. Mentioned in trouvere poetry, it was probably danced with sliding steps by couples to the music of vielles (medieval viols); its afterdance was the ...
estancia: in the Rio de la Plata region of Argentina and Uruguay, an extensive rural estate largely devoted to cattle ranching and to some extent to the raising of feed grain.
estate tax: levy on the value of property changing hands at the death of the owner, fixed mainly by reference to its total value. Estate tax is generally applied only to estates ...
Estates-General: in France of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy, the representative assembly of the three "estates," or orders of the realm: the clergy and nobility-which were privileged minorities-and a Third Estate, which represented ...
Estaunie, Edouard: French writer, known for his novels of character. He was by profession an engineer and ended his career as inspector general of telegraphs. He was elected (1923) to the Academie ...
Este: town and episcopal see of Padova province, in the Veneto region of northern Italy at the southern foot of the Colli (hills) Euganei southwest of Padua. Known in antiquity as ...
Este, House of: princely family of Lombard origin that played a great part in the history of medieval and Renaissance Italy. It first came to the front in the wars between the Guelfs ...
Esteban Echeverria: partido (county) at the southern limits of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, in Buenos Aires provincia. Created in 1913 from portions of the partidos of Lomas de Zamora and San Vicente, ...
Estebanez Calderon, Serafin: one of the best-known costumbristas, Spanish writers who depicted in short articles the typical customs of the people. He moved to Madrid in 1830, where he published newspaper articles under ...
Esteli: city, northwestern Nicaragua. It lies along the Esteli River in the central highlands, at an elevation of 2,674 feet (815 m). A Spanish settlement founded near prehistoric carved-stone figures, it ...
ester: any of a class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic or inorganic acids. Esters derived from carboxylic acids are the most common.
Esterhazy: town, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies in the Qu'Appelle River valley, 132 miles (212 km) east of Regina. It is named after Count Paul Otto d'Esterhazy (1830-1912), a French-Hungarian nobleman ...
Esterhazy Family: aristocratic Magyar family that produced numerous Hungarian diplomats, army officers, and patrons of the arts.
Esterhazy, Ferdinand Walsin: French army officer, a major figure in the Dreyfus case.
Estes Park: town, Larimer county, north-central Colorado, U.S. The original town site lies in a large natural meadow (locally called a park) surrounded by a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. It is situated in ...
Estevan: city, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies along the Souris River at the latter's junction with Long Creek, just north of the North Dakota (U.S.) border, 125 miles (201 km) southeast ...
Esther, Book of: Old Testament book that belongs to the third section of the Judaic biblical canon, known as the Ketuvim, or "Writings." In the Jewish Bible, Esther follows Ecclesiastes and Lamentations and ...
Estherville: city, seat (1859) of Emmet county, northern Iowa, U.S. The city lies along the West Fork Des Moines River, 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Fort Dodge. The site was ...
Estienne, Henri II: scholar-printer, grandson of Henri Estienne, founder of the family printing firm in Paris, and son of Robert I Estienne, who left Paris to establish a printing firm in Geneva.
Estienne, Robert I: scholar-printer, second son of Henri Estienne, who founded the family printing firm about 1502 in Paris.
estimation: in statistics, any of numerous procedures used to calculate the value of some property of a population from observations of a sample drawn from the population. A point estimate, for ...
Estonia: country in northeastern Europe, the northernmost of the three Baltic states. It is bounded on the west and north by the Baltic Sea and on the east by Lake Peipus ...
Estonian language: member of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, spoken in Estonia and in scattered pockets in surrounding regions. The language occurs in two major dialectal forms, northern and ...
Estonian literature: body of writings in the Estonian language. The consecutive domination of Estonia from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early literary works in ...
Estoril: fashionable resort, western Portugal. It is located on Cascais Bay (the Portuguese Riviera) of the Atlantic Ocean, 15.5 miles (25 km) west of Lisbon. Tourism is the economic mainstay of ...
Estournelles de Constant, Paul-H-B d': French diplomat and parliamentarian who devoted most of his life to the cause of international cooperation and in 1909 was cowinner (with Auguste-Marie-Francois Beernaert) of the Nobel Prize for Peace.
Estrada Cabrera, Manuel: jurist and politician who became dictator and ruled Guatemala for the first two decades of the 20th century through a standing army, secret police, and systematic oppression.
Estrada Palma, Tomas: first president of Cuba, whose administration was noted for its sound fiscal policies and progress in education.
Estrades, Godefroi, comte d': (count of) marshal of France and one of Louis XIV's ablest diplomats.
Estrees, Gabrielle d', Duchesse De Beaufort, Duchesse D'etampes: mistress of King Henry IV of France and, with him, founder of the Vendome branch of the House of Bourbon.
Estrela Mountains: highest mountains of Portugal. The range lies in the north-central part of the country, between the basins of the Tagus and Mondego rivers. The western continuation of the Central Sierras ...
Estremadura: historic coastal province of central Portugal that contained Lisbon and the Tagus River estuary. The landforms of Estremadura are geologically younger than other parts of the Iberian Peninsula, containing sandstone, ...
Estremoz: city and concelho (township), Evora distrito ("district"), eastern Portugal. An ancient, gated city, it is overlooked by a 13th-century castle, in which St. Isabella of Portugal, widow of King Dinis, ...
Estrildidae: songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of about 130 species of waxbills and other small finchlike birds of the Old World, many of which are favourite cage birds.
estrogen: any of a group of hormones that primarily influence the female reproductive tract in its development, maturation, and function. There are three major hormones-estradiol, estrone, and estriol-among the estrogens, estradiol ...
Estrup, Jacob Bronnum Scavenius: statesman and Conservative prime minister of Denmark from 1875 to 1894.
estrus: the period in the sexual cycle of female mammals, except the higher primates, during which they are in heat-i.e., ready to accept a male and to mate. One or more ...
estuary: partly enclosed coastal body of water in which river water is mixed with seawater. In a general sense, the estuarine environment is defined by salinity boundaries rather than by geographic ...
Esus: (Celtic: "Lord," or "Master"), powerful Celtic deity, one of three mentioned by the Roman poet Lucan in the 1st century AD; the other two were Taranis ("Thunderer") and Teutates ("God ...
Esztergom: town, Komarom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It is a river port on the Danube River (which at that point forms the frontier with Slovakia) and lies 25 miles (40 km) ...
ETA: Basque separatist organization in Spain that has used terrorism in its campaign for an independent Basque state.
Eta Carinae: peculiar red star and nebula (catalog number NGC 3372) in the southern constellation Carina. The English astronomer Sir Edmond Halley noted it in 1677 as a star of about fourth ...
Etah: town, western Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, northeast of Agra. A marketplace for agricultural products, it has several colleges affiliated with Agra University. Etah lies in a section of alluvial ...
Etampes: city, Essonne departement, Paris region, northern France. It lies along the Juine River, about 28 miles (45 km) south of Paris. The city in medieval times was a stronghold and ...
Etampes, Anne de Pisseleu, duchesse d': (duchess of) mistress of King Francis I of France and the major supporter of the party of the Duke d'Orleans in opposition to that of the dauphin (the future Henry ...
Etana Epic: ancient Mesopotamian tale concerned with the question of dynastic succession. In the beginning, according to the epic, there was no king on the earth; the gods thus set out to ...
Etawah: town, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies along the Yamuna River, southeast of Agra. The town is crossed by numerous ravines, one of which separates the old city ...
etched glass: type of glassware whose decorative design has been cut into the surface by the corrosive action of an acid. An etched-glass surface may be either rough and frosted or satiny ...
etching: a method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been incised by acid. The copperplate is first coated with an acid-resistant substance, called ...
etesian wind: remarkably steady southbound drift of the lower atmosphere over the eastern Mediterranean and adjacent lands in summer. From about mid-May to mid-September, it generally dominates the Adriatic, Ionian, and Aegean ...
ethane: a colourless, odourless, gaseous hydrocarbon (compound of hydrogen and carbon), belonging to the paraffin series; its chemical formula is C₂H₆. Ethane is structurally the simplest hydrocarbon that contains a single ...
ethanolamine: the first of three organic compounds that can be derived from ammonia by successively replacing the hydrogen atoms with hydroxyethyl radicals (&singlehorzbond;CH₂CH₂OH), the others being diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The three ...
Ethelred II: also spelled Aethelred, byname Ethelred The Unready, or Aethelred Unraed king of the English from 978 to 1013 and from 1014 to 1016. He was an ineffectual ruler who failed ...
ether: any of a class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms that are part of a hydrocarbon. Ethers are similar to alcohols but are ...
ether: in physics, a theoretical, universal substance believed during the 19th century to act as the medium for transmission of electromagnetic waves (e.g., light and X rays) much as sound waves ...