| | - Elton, Charles
- English biologist credited with framing the basic principles of modern animal ecology.
- Elton, Lake
- highly saline lake, Volgograd oblast (province), Russia, near the Russian border with Kazakhstan. The lake occupies an area of 59 square miles (152 square km) and is only 1-2 feet ...
- Eltville, Treaty of
- (from the article "Gunther") ...policies, had elected Charles of Luxembourg, margrave of Moravia, anti-king on July 11, 1346. Charles IV won over many of Gunther's followers and defeated him at Eltville. By the terms ...
- Eluard, Paul
- French poet, one of the founders of the Surrealist movement and one of the important lyrical poets of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- eluate
- (from the article "chromatography") ...solute migration through the entire system and solute detection as it emerges from the column. The detector continuously monitors the amount of solute in the emerging mobile-phase stream-the eluate-and transduces ...
- Elul
- (from the article "Jewish calendar") ...religious usage and are: Nisan (Abib [March-April of the Western Gregorian calendar]), Iyyar (Ziv [April-May]), Sivan (May-June), Tammuz (June-July), Av (July-August), Elul (August-September), Tishri (Ethanim [September-October]), Heshvan, or Marheshvan (Bul ...
- Eluru
- town, northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India, at the junction of the Godavari and Krishna canal systems. The name of the town was changed to its present form in 1949. ...
- elution
- (from the article "blood group") If red cells have adsorbed gamma globulin onto their surfaces, the antibody can sometimes be recovered by a process known as elution. One simple way of eluting (dissociating) antibody from ...
- elution chromatography
- (from the article "analysis") In the most common form of chromatography, known as elution chromatography, the mobile phase is continuously added to the top of the column as solution flows from the bottom. The ...
- elution curve
- (from the article "rare-earth element") ...ions are also in equilibrium with the resin and their ions will deposit along with the rare-earth ions. After the band has travelled many band lengths, each rare earth exhibits ...
- elutriation
- (from the article "separation and purification") In this method, the particles are placed in a vertical tube in which water (or another fluid) is flowing slowly upward. The particles fall through the water at speeds that ...
- Eluttaccan
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...Pattu ("Song of Krishna") and Gatha ("Song"). Such grafting reached its full flowering in the 16th-century poet Eluttaccan (Father [or Leader] of Letters), who popularized the kilippattu ("parrot song"), a ...
- eluvial placer
- (from the article "placer deposit") Eluvial placers form on hillslopes from weathered deposits. They are not acted on by streams but by rainfall and wind, which carry away the light materials; thus they may be ...
- elver
- (from the article "migration") ...shelves. When they are about two and one-half years old and about eight centimetres long (a little more than three inches), a metamorphosis occurs. The leptocephali are transformed into so-called ...
- Elvira, Council of
- the first known council of the Christian church in Spain, held early in the 4th century at Elvira, near modern Granada. It is the first council of which the canons ... [4 Related Articles]
- Elvstrom, Paul
- Danish yachtsman who dominated Olympic Finn class sailing between 1948 and 1960. He won four consecutive gold medals in that event and competed in the Olympics as late as the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elway, John
- American collegiate and professional gridiron football player who is considered one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time. He led the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Elwood
- city, Madison county, east-central Indiana, U.S., 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Established in 1853 as Quincy, it was renamed for the son of one of its founders in ...
- Elworthy, Samuel Charles Elworthy
- BARON, New Zealand-born marshal (ret.) of the British Royal Air Force (b. March 23, 1911, Timaru, N.Z.--d. April 4, 1993, Christchurch, N.Z.), was in the top military ranks--as commander in ...
- Ely
- town, East Cambridgeshire district, administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies on an "island" of rock that rises above the alluvial Fens and, prior to their draining (1630-52), ... [2 Related Articles]
- Ely
- city, St. Louis county, northeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on Shagawa Lake, at the east end of the Vermilion Iron Range, about 110 miles (175 km) north of Duluth. Ojibwa ...
- Ely
- city, seat (1886) of White Pine county, east-central Nevada, U.S. It is adjacent to East Ely, near the Utah border. Established in 1868 as a gold-mining camp and probably named ...
- Ely cathedral
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...chapels so common in 15th-century England-for instance, the Henry V Chantry, Westminster Abbey (1440s), or the chantries of John Alcock (c. 1488) and Nicolas West (c. 1534) at Ely cathedral-show ...
- Ely, Eugene
- (from the article "aircraft carrier") naval vessel from which airplanes may take off and on which they may land. As early as November 1910, an American civilian pilot, Eugene Ely, flew a plane off a ...
- Ely, Isle of
- historic region of England, part of the administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire. The Isle of Ely consists of a hill about 7 miles (11 km) long and 4 miles ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ely, Richard T.
- American economist who was noted for his belief that government, aided by economists, could help solve social problems. [1 Related Articles]
- Elymais
- ancient Parthian vassal state located east of the lower Tigris River and usually considered part of the larger district of Susiana. It incorporated much of the area of the biblical ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elymi
- (from the article "Sicily") ...Sicily: in the east the Siculi, or Sicels, who gave their name to the island but were reputed to be latecomers from Italy; to the west of the Gelas River, ...
- Elyot, Sir Thomas
- English author and administrator, memorable for his championship and use of English prose for subjects then customarily treated in Latin. Both as a philosopher and as a lexicographer, he endeavoured ... [3 Related Articles]
- Elyria
- city, seat (1823) of Lorain county, northern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Black River, just west of Cleveland and south of the city of Lorain. The site was settled ...
- Elysia viridis
- (from the article "stereotyped response") In another demonstration of menotaxis, the sea slug Elysia viridis has been shown to move at angles of from 45° to 135° in relation to a steady source of light. ...
- Elysium
- in Greek mythology, originally the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods conferred immortality were sent. It probably was retained from Minoan religion. In Homer's writings the Elysian Plain ... [2 Related Articles]
- Elysium
- (from the article "Mars") The canyons of Valles Marineris terminate to the west near the crest of the Tharsis rise, a vast bulge on the Martian surface more than 8,000 km (5,000 miles) across ...
- Elytis, Odysseus
- Greek poet and winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature. [3 Related Articles]
- elytra
- (from the article "coleopteran") ...some of which also have brilliant metallic colours, showy patterns, or striking form. Beetles can usually be recognized by their two pairs of wings; the front pair is modified into ...
- Elzevir Family
- a family of Dutch booksellers, publishers, and printers, 15 members of which were in business between 1587 and 1681. They were best known for their books or editions of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- elzeviri
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...a return to classical stylistic values. This led to an excessive cult of form in the narrow sense-as exemplified by the elegant but somewhat bloodless essays (elzeviri) ...
- Emain Macha
- (from the article "Armagh") In late prehistoric times and at the dawn of history, Armagh was an important populated area in Ulster. At the beginning of the Christian era, the fortress of Emain Mhacha, ...
- emaki
- Japanese illustrated text, or narrative picture scroll. The makimono, or horizontal hand-scroll, format was used, and most often the text and illustrations appear on the same scroll. [4 Related Articles]
- emanationism
- philosophical and theological theory that sees all of creation as an unwilled, necessary, and spontaneous outflow of contingent beings of descending perfection-from an infinite, undiminished, unchanged primary substance. Typically, light ... [4 Related Articles]
- Emancipation Act
- (from the article "O'Connell, Daniel") ...This result impressed on the British prime minister, Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, the need for making a major concession to the Irish Catholics. Following the passage of the ...
- Emancipation Manifesto
- (March 3 [Feb. 19, Old Style], 1861), manifesto issued by the Russian emperor Alexander II that accompanied 17 legislative acts that freed the serfs of the Russian Empire. (The acts ... [6 Related Articles]
- Emancipation Proclamation
- edict issued by U.S. Pres. Abraham Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863, that freed the slaves of the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union (see original text). [5 Related Articles]
- emancipatory environmentalism
- (from the article "environmentalism") Beginning in the 1970s many environmentalists attempted to develop strategies for limiting environmental degradation through recycling, the use of alternative-energy technologies, the decentralization and democratization of economic and social planning ...
- Emancipist
- any of the former convicts in New South Wales, Australia, in the late 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries, specifically those who were seeking civil rights. Technically, ... [5 Related Articles]
- emanet
- (from the article "Ottoman Empire") A less common form of the mukata'a was the emanet ("trusteeship"), held by the emin ("trustee" or "agent"). In contrast to the timar holder, the emin turned all his proceeds ...
- Emanuel, Kerry
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") ...warming was under debate. Since warmer ocean waters tend to fuel hurricane development, it was tempting to consider possible links between a warmer climate and more frequent or intense hurricanes. ...
- Emanuele Filiberto
- (from the article "Italy") ...for the clients of a casino near northern Lake Como. The prince, who protested his innocence, was later placed under house arrest, and the case remained pending. Prince Vittorio and ...
- Emar
- (from the article "Ebla") Diplomacy and limited warfare supported Ebla's commercial activities. Emar, a city strategically located at the confluence of the Euphrates and Galikh rivers, was tied to Ebla by dynastic marriage. Khammazi ...
- embaire
- (from the article "African music") ...relation the pulse of one performer or group of performers falls exactly in the middle of the other's pulse. This type of interlocking occurs, for example, in the music of ...
- embalming
- the treatment of a dead body so as to sterilize it or to protect it from decay. For practical as well as theological reasons a well-preserved body has long been ... [4 Related Articles]
- Embarcadero Center
- (from the article "San Francisco") ...are Bank of America, the Transamerica Pyramid (which rises to an elongated point), and the Park Hyatt. The Hyatt Regency, known for its spectacular 20-story hanging garden, is part of ...
- embargo
- legal prohibition by a government or group of governments restricting the departure of vessels or movement of goods from some or all locations to one or more countries. [11 Related Articles]
- Embargo Act
- (1807), Pres. Thomas Jefferson's nonviolent resistance to British and French molestation of U.S. merchant ships carrying, or suspected of carrying, war materials and other cargoes to the European belligerents. At ... [2 Related Articles]
- embassy
- (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") ...were concerned about the effect that increased security measures-required after the attacks on U.S. embassies and the WTC-were having on design quality. Of particular concern were new embassies, which, instead ...
- Embassy Club
- (from the article "Bradley, Edward Riley") ...to gambling, which became a lifelong passion. Before the turn of the century, he opened a gambling casino in Palm Beach, Fla., the Oasis Club, which became a favourite haunt ...
- Embden, Gustav Georg
- German physiological chemist who conducted studies on the chemistry of carbohydrate metabolism and muscle contraction and was the first to discover and link together all the steps involved in the ...
- embedded processor
- a class of computer, or computer chip, embedded in various machines. These are small computers that use simple microprocessors to control electrical and mechanical functions. They generally do not have ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ember Days and Ember Weeks
- in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, four "times" set apart for special prayer and fasting and for the ordination of the clergy. The Ember Weeks are the complete weeks ... [2 Related Articles]
- Emberiza
- (from the article "bunting") any of a number of species of seed-eating birds of the family Emberizidae in the Old World genus Emberiza and also a number of American species in ...
- Emberizidae
- songbird family in the classification preferred by some authorities, absorbing some groups otherwise placed in the Fringillidae (q.v.), order Passeriformes. The family Emberizidae includes some species of buntings, finches, grosbeaks, ... [1 Related Articles]
- embezzlement
- crime generally defined as the fraudulent misappropriation of goods of another by a servant, an agent, or another person to whom possession of the goods has been entrusted. The offense ... [11 Related Articles]
- emblem book
- collection of symbolic pictures, usually accompanied by mottoes and expositions in verse and often also by a prose commentary. Derived from the medieval allegory and bestiary, the emblem book developed ... [4 Related Articles]
- emblema
- central panel with figure representations-people, animals, and other objects-or occasionally another featured design motif in a Hellenistic or Roman mosaic. Emblemata were usually executed in opus vermiculatum, very fine work ... [3 Related Articles]
- emblic
- (from the article "Phyllanthus") ...preserves. The long, deciduous twigs are lined with rows of sharp-pointed, alternating leaves. Because of its even more feathery leaf-bearing twigs, each with about 100 tiny alternating leaves, the emblic, ...
- Emblingia calceoliflora
- (from the article "Brassicales") Emblingiaceae also contains only one species, Emblingia calceoliflora, which is native to western Australia. It is a rather coarsely hairy subshrub, with very curious flowers borne in the leaf axils. ...
- Emboabas, War of the
- (1708-09), conflict in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between the original settlers from Sao Paulo (Paulistas) and new settlers called emboabas, who were mostly European immigrants. In the late ... [1 Related Articles]
- embolism
- obstruction of the flow of blood by an embolus, a particle or aggregate of substance that is abnormally present in the bloodstream. The substance may be a blood clot that ... [6 Related Articles]
- embolus
- (from the article "embolism") obstruction of the flow of blood by an embolus, a particle or aggregate of substance that is abnormally present in the bloodstream. The substance may be a blood clot that ...
- embossing
- art of producing raised patterns on the surface of metal, leather, textiles, paper, and other similar substances. Strictly speaking, the term is applicable only to raised impressions produced by means ... [7 Related Articles]
- Embriaci Family
- a powerful Genoese family, whose members played notable roles in the Crusades in the Holy Land in the 11th and 12th centuries. Guglielmo Embriaco and his brother Primo di Castello ...
- embroidery
- art of decorating material, primarily textile fabric, by means of a needle and thread (and sometimes fine wire). The basic techniques include crewel work, needlepoint, cross-stitch embroidery, and quilting, as ... [6 Related Articles]
- embroidery floss
- (from the article "textile") Embroidery floss, used in hand embroidery, generally has low twist, is of the ply or cord type, and is made of such smooth filaments as silk and rayon. Yarn used ...
- embryo
- the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child ... [23 Related Articles]
- embryo
- (from the article "morphology") The development of the seed plant is basically different from that of an animal. The egg cell of a seed plant is retained within the enlarged lower part, or ovary, ...
- embryo culture
- (from the article "horticulture") Embryo culture has been used to produce plants from embryos that would not normally develop within the fruit. This occurs in early-ripening peaches and in some hybridization between species. Embryo ...
- embryo sac
- (from the article "angiosperm") The female gametophyte of angiosperms (called the embryo sac) is tiny and contains only a few (typically eight) nuclei; the cytoplasm associated more or less directly with these nuclei is ...
- embryology
- the study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus. Before widespread use of the microscope and the advent of cellular biology in the 19th century, embryology was ... [18 Related Articles]
- embryonic disk
- (from the article "nervous system, human") In the second week of prenatal life, the rapidly growing blastocyst (the bundle of cells into which a fertilized ovum divides) flattens into what is called the embryonic disk. The ...
- embryonic germ cell
- (from the article "stem cell") Embryonic germ (EG) cells, derived from primordial germ cells found in the gonadal ridge of a late embryo, have many of the properties of embryonic stem cells. The primordial germ ...
- embryonic stem cell
- (from the article "stem cell") Embryonic stem cells (often referred to as ES cells) are stem cells that are derived from the inner cell mass of a mammalian embryo at a very early stage of ...
- Embu
- town, central Kenya, located at an elevation of about 4,400 feet (1,350 metres), about 24 miles (40 km) south of Mount Kenya National Park (see Mount Kenya). Embu was founded ...
- Embury, Philip
- Irish-American preacher and one of the founders of Methodism in the United States.
- Emden
- city, Lower Saxony Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies near the Ems River estuary and the North Sea coast of Ostfriesland (East Frisia). Founded about 800, it ...
- Emden, Jacob Israel
- rabbi and Talmudic scholar primarily known for his lengthy quarrel with Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschutz (q.v.), an antagonism that sundered European Jewry. [2 Related Articles]
- Emden, Robert
- physicist and astrophysicist who developed a theory of expansion and compression of gas spheres and applied it to stellar structure.
- Emecheta, Buchi
- Igbo writer whose novels deal largely with the difficult and unequal role of women in both immigrant and African societies. [1 Related Articles]
- Emei, Mount
- (from the article "Sichuan") ...is fairly well developed in Sichuan and is of growing importance there. UNESCO World Heritage sites include not only the giant panda reserves and the Dujiangyan irrigation system but also ...
- emendation
- (from the article "textual criticism") The attempt to restore the transmitted text to its authentic state is called emendation. There will usually be a chronological gap, sometimes of several centuries, between the archetype, or earliest ...
- Emene
- (from the article "Enugu") Coal mining is still important, but Enugu's economy became more diversified in the 1960s. Near the town's airport, 7 miles (11 km) east, is the industrial estate of Emene, where ...
- Emens, Jan
- (from the article "pottery") ...or silver mounts. The Doppelfrieskruge were jugs with two molded friezes (usually portraying classical subjects) around the middle. They and the tankards were made in Raeren brownware by Jan Emens, ...
- Emerald
- town, central Queensland, Australia, on the Nogoa River, at the junction of the Capricorn and Gregory highways, 172 miles (276 km) west of Rockhampton. P.F. MacDonald, an early settler, established ...
- emerald
- grass-green variety of beryl (q.v.) that is highly valued as a gemstone. The name comes indirectly from the Greek smaragdos, a name that seems to have been given to a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Emerald Buddha
- (from the article "Siribunyasan") ...across the Khorat Plateau and up the Mekong River from Cambodia, Siamese troops captured Vientiane (early 1779), with the aid of an army from Luang Prabang, and seized the prized ...
- Emerald Mound
- (from the article "Natchez Trace Parkway") ...politically. With the advent of the river steamer and of newer, more direct roads after the War of 1812, it began a gradual decline. Among the historical landmarks along its ...
- emerald tree boa
- (from the article "boa") ...though seldom more than 3.3 metres (11 feet) long, some have grown to more than 5 metres. Several tree boas possess sizable teeth used for catching birds. An example is ...
- emergence
- in evolutionary theory, the rise of a system that cannot be predicted or explained from antecedent conditions. George Henry Lewes, the 19th-century English philosopher of science, distinguished between resultants and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Emergency Banking Act
- (from the article "United States") ...that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." The next day he halted trading in gold and declared a national "bank holiday." On March 9 he submitted ...
- Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
- (from the article "Einstein, Albert") ...on vacation when he heard the news that an atomic bomb had been dropped on Japan. Almost immediately he was part of an international effort to try to bring the ...
- Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
- legislation passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by Pres. George W. Bush on Oct. 3, 2008. It was designed to prevent the collapse of the U.S. financial ...
- emergency good
- (from the article "marketing") ...usually displayed near the cash register in a store in order to encourage quick choice and purchase, include candy, razors, and batteries. A slightly different type of convenience product is ...
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