| | - Early Gothic art
- (from the article "Gothic art") This first phase lasted from the Gothic style's inception in 1120-50 to about 1200. The combination of all the aforementioned structural elements into a coherent style first occurred in the ...
- Early Harappan culture
- (from the article "India") ...more-detailed cultural profiles for those periods, scholars have come to emphasize the subsistence bases of early societies-e.g., hunting and gathering, pastoralism, and agriculture. The terms Early Harappan and Harappan (from ...
- Early Horizon
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The Early Horizon emerged after the appearance and rapid spread of the Chavin art style, ending the regional isolation of the Initial Period. The Chavin art style derives its name ...
- Early Hunting period
- (from the article "Mexico") ...central Mexico remains speculative. The assertions of some archaeologists and linguists that early humans resided in Mexico some 30,000 to 40,000 years ago, before developing technology for big-game hunting, are ...
- Early Intermediate period
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The Early Horizon was succeeded by what has been termed the Early Intermediate Period. The onset of the Early Intermediate marked the decline of Chavin's cultural influence and the attainment ...
- Early Iron Age
- (from the article "France") ...Danube about 1200 BC. Its expansion westward and southward, through diffusion and migration, was stimulated by a shift from bronze- to ironworking. Archaeologically, the type of developing Celtic Iron Age ...
- Early Jomon
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") Early Jomon (5000-3500 BC) sites suggest a pattern of increased stabilization of communities, the formation of small settlements, and the astute use of abundant natural resources. A general climatic warming ...
- Early Ly dynasty
- (from the article "Later Ly dynasty") ...known later as Dai Viet, was established by Ly Thai To in the Red River Delta area of present northern Vietnam. Its capital was Thang Long (Hanoi). (It is "later" ...
- early Medieval Warm Period
- (from the article "Holocene Epoch") Approximately AD 1000-1250 the worldwide warm-up that culminated in the 10th century and has been called the early Medieval Warm Period or the "Little Climatic Optimum," continued for two more ...
- Early Middle English language
- (from the article "Middle English language") The history of Middle English is often divided into three periods: (1) Early Middle English, from about 1100 to about 1250, during which the Old English system of writing was ...
- early Miocene Epoch
- (from the article "hutia") ...order Rodentia. Their closest living relatives are the nutria and American spiny rats. The oldest species of hutia (genus Zazamys) is represented by Cuban fossils from the Early Miocene Epoch ...
- Early Modern English language
- (from the article "English language") The death of Chaucer at the close of the century (1400) marked the beginning of the period of transition from Middle English to the Early Modern English stage. The Early ...
- Early Modern Japanese language
- (from the article "Japanese language") ...however, to divide the 1,200-year history into four or five periods; Old Japanese (up to the 8th century), Late Old Japanese (9th-11th century), Middle Japanese (12th-16th century), Early Modern Japanese ...
- Early Nazca pottery
- (from the article "Nazca") ...in black and filled in with various shades of red, orange, blue-gray, or purple. The designs are naturalistic (people, animals, birds, fish, plants) but quite stylized and often stiff or ...
- Early Netherlandish art
- sculpture, painting, architecture, and other visual arts created in the several domains that in the late 14th and 15th centuries were under the rule of the dukes of Burgundy, coincidentally ... [1 Related Articles]
- Early Palace Period
- (from the article "Aegean civilizations") Crete does not seem to have been affected by the movements of people into the Cyclades and the mainland at the end of the 3rd millennium, but important changes were ...
- Early Permian Epoch
- (from the article "Permian Period") ...occurring in the region that would become North America, and the continuance of the Hercynian orogeny, its northwestern European counterpart. The assembly of Pangea was complete by the middle of ...
- early Pliocene Epoch
- (from the article "grasshopper mouse") ...Onychomys species are related to grasshopper mice represented by four-million to five-million-year-old fossils that extend the evolutionary history of the genus back to the Early Pliocene Epoch (5.3 million to ...
- Early Proterozoic Era
- (from the article "Precambrian time") ...the evidence is provided by glacial deposits in sediments of the Pongola Rift in southern Africa. The most extensive early Precambrian Huronian glaciation occurred 2.3 billion years ago during the ...
- early purple orchid
- (from the article "Orchis") The root of the early purple orchid (O. mascula) and several other species contain a nutritive starch. In southern Europe they are collected and dried to produce a flour that ...
- Early Renaissance
- (from the article "Western architecture") The Renaissance began in Italy, where there was always a residue of Classical feeling in architecture. A Gothic building such as the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence was characterized by ...
- Early Sefardic
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...from the first 500 years of the Common Era. Most of the development in the square Hebrew script occurred between 1000 and 1500 CE. The earliest script to emerge from ...
- Early Shang
- (from the article "China") ...century BC.) One must, however, distinguish Shang as an archaeological term from Shang as a dynastic one. Erlitou, in north-central Henan, for example, was initially classified archaeologically as Early Shang; ...
- Early Silurian Epoch
- (from the article "Silurian Period") ...stratotype was fixed at a horizon in Dob's Linn near Moff in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The effect on sea level of Late Ordovician glaciation, combined with increasing deglaciation ...
- Early Triassic Epoch
- (from the article "Triassic Period") ...that were to take place throughout the Mesozoic Era, particularly in the distribution of continents, the evolution of life, and the geographic distribution of living things. At the beginning of ...
- Early Vedic period
- (from the article "Bihar") In the Early Vedic period (beginning with the entrance of the Vedic religion into South Asia about 1500 BCE), several kingdoms existed in the plains of Bihar. North of the ...
- Early, Jubal A
- Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861-65) whose army at one time threatened Washington, D.C., but whose series of defeats during the Shenandoah Valley campaigns of late 1864 and ...
- earlywood
- (from the article "angiosperm") ...woody angiosperms are usually annual, but under environmental fluctuations, such as drought, more than one can form, or none at all. Growth rings result from the difference in density between ...
- earmark
- (from the article "United States") ...health care programs and significantly tightened Washington lobbying and ethics rules. Critics noted that the new rules did not directly address concerns over rapidly expanding congressional earmarks-projects inserted in appropriations ...
- Earn
- loch (lake) and river, central Scotland. Loch Earn lies on the boundary between the council area of Stirling and the council area of Perth and Kinross, and the River Earn ...
- Earn, Loch
- (from the article "Earn") loch (lake) and river, central Scotland. Loch Earn lies on the boundary between the council area of Stirling and the council area of Perth and Kinross, and the River Earn ...
- Earn, River
- (from the article "Earn") loch (lake) and river, central Scotland. Loch Earn lies on the boundary between the council area of Stirling and the council area of Perth and Kinross, and the River Earn ...
- Earnhardt, Dale
- American stock-car racer who was the dominant driver in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) during the 1980s and '90s. [2 Related Articles]
- Earnshaw, Thomas
- English watchmaker, the first to simplify and economize in producing chronometers so as to make them available to the general public.
- Earp, Wyatt
- legendary frontiersman of the American West, who was an itinerant saloonkeeper, gambler, lawman, gunslinger, and confidence man. The first major biography, Stuart N. Lake's Wyatt Earp, Frontier Marshal (1931), written ... [3 Related Articles]
- earphone
- small loudspeaker held or worn close to the listener's ear or within the outer ear. Common forms include the hand-held telephone receiver; the headphone, in which one or two earphones ...
- earplug
- type of ear ornament usually inserted in pierced and distended earlobes and generally worn by traditional peoples. Earplugs were the direct forerunners of today's pierced earrings.
- earring
- a personal ornament worn pendent from the ear, usually suspended by means of a ring or hook passing through a pierced hole in the lobe of the ear or, in ... [6 Related Articles]
- Earth
- third planet from the Sun and the fifth in the solar system in terms of size and mass. Its single most outstanding feature is that its near-surface environments are the ... [50 Related Articles]
- Earth art
- (from the article "Downs") ...figures of horses cut out of turf; ridge and scarp-foot trackways that focus on megalithic monuments, such as Avebury and Stonehenge in Wiltshire; innumerable burial mounds or barrows; defensive earthworks; ...
- earth auger
- (from the article "drilling machinery") The simplest rotary drill is the earth auger, which is hand-operated and resembles the wood auger used in carpentry. The earth auger, used principally for drilling holes in relatively soft ...
- Earth Day
- annual celebration honouring the achievements of the environmental movement and raising awareness of the importance of long-term ecological sustainability. Earth Day is celebrated in the United States on April 22; ... [1 Related Articles]
- Earth exploration
- the investigation of the surface of the Earth and of its interior. [19 Related Articles]
- Earth impact hazard
- the danger of collision posed by astronomical small bodies whose orbits around the Sun carry them near Earth. These objects include the rocky asteroids and their larger fragments and the ...
- earth lodge
- (from the article "Plains Indian") The earth lodge, the dwelling used by most village tribes, was much larger than a tepee. Earth lodges averaged 40 to 60 feet (12 to 18 metres) in diameter, encompassing ...
- Earth Mother
- in ancient and modern nonliterate religions, an eternally fruitful source of everything. Unlike the variety of female fertility deities called mother goddesses (q.v.), the Earth Mother is not a specific ... [7 Related Articles]
- earth python
- (from the article "python") ...Rica. Usually less than 1 metre long, it is reported to reach nearly 1.5 metres. It seems to be predominantly nocturnal, foraging on the ground for a variety of small ...
- Earth satellite
- man-made object launched into a temporary or permanent orbit around the Earth. Spacecraft of this type may be either manned or unmanned, the latter being the most common. [33 Related Articles]
- Earth Sciences
- [32 Related Articles]
- Earth sciences
- the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth, its waters, and the air that envelops it. Included are the geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric sciences. [43 Related Articles]
- Earth Simulator
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...to have the best chance of selling its product to American scientists, who believed that they were falling behind Japanese researchers who were using the world's fastest supercomputer-the Earth Simulator, ...
- Earth tide
- deformation of the solid Earth as it rotates within the gravitational fields of the Sun and Moon. Earth tides are similar to ocean tides. The Earth deforms because it has ... [2 Related Articles]
- earth tongue
- (from the article "Ascomycota") ...fruiting structure with a bright orange head, or cap. A related genus, Claviceps, includes C. purpurea, the cause of ergot of rye and ergotism in humans and domestic animals. Earth ...
- Earth's axis
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") ...tsunami sources. Geodynamicists calculated that the redistribution of mass that occurred during the earthquake should have decreased the length of day by 2.68 microseconds and shifted the rotation axis of ...
- Earth's core
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") An international team of geophysicists led by Leonid Dubrovinsky of Bayerisches Geoinstitute, University of Bayreuth, Ger., reported new evidence that the crystalline structure of Earth's solid inner core is body-centred ...
- Earth's crust
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") ...Jagersfontein, S.Af., contain tiny inclusions of garnet with two geochemical properties of interest. First, their content of the trace-element europium showed that they grew from material of the Earth's crust. ...
- Earth's mantle
- (from the article "chemical element") The mantle comprises that part of the Earth between the Mohorovicic and the Wiechert-Gutenberg discontinuities. It makes up 83 percent of the volume of the Earth and 67 percent of ...
- Earth's structure and composition
- (from the article "geochronology") Some estimates suggest that as much as 70 percent of all rocks outcropping from the Earth's surface are sedimentary. Preserved in these rocks is the complex record of the many ...
- Earth, geologic history of
- evolution of the continents, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. The layers of rock at the Earth's surface contain evidence of the evolutionary processes undergone by these components of the terrestrial environment ... [1 Related Articles]
- Earth, Wind and Fire
- American pop, soul, and jazz-fusion band that became one of the best-selling and most influential black groups of the 1970s. The principal members were Maurice White (b. December 19, 1941, ...
- earth-boring dung beetle
- (from the article "dung beetle") ...that is used during feeding or for depositing eggs. The aphodian dung beetle is small (4 to 6 mm, or about 15 inch) and usually black with yellow wing covers. ...
- earth-coloured mouse
- (from the article "mouse") ...at northern latitudes, and rice fields in the Asian tropics. Four of these species, including the house mouse, have dispersed beyond their natural ranges as a result of human settlement. ...
- earth-diver myth
- (from the article "Slavic religion") ...a handful of sand to be brought up from the bottom of the sea and created the land from it. Usually, it is the Devil who brings up the sand; ...
- Earth-Moon system
- (from the article "Properties of the Moon and the Earth-Moon system") ...laws of planetary motion. The orbital geometry of the Moon, Earth, and the Sun gives rise to the Moon's phases and to the phenomena of lunar and solar eclipses. The ...
- earth-nut pea
- (from the article "groundnut") ...the fruit of which is a legume or pod rather than a true nut; Apois americana, also called wild bean and potato bean, the tubers of which are edible; and ...
- Earth-observation satellite
- (from the article "space exploration") ...and data on a global basis. Satellites operated by the United States and Russia give precision navigation, positioning, and timing information that has become essential to many terrestrial users. Earth-observation ...
- Earth-orbiting radio telescope
- (from the article "telescope") Most radio waves pass relatively undistorted through Earth's atmosphere, and so there is little need to place radio telescopes in space. The exceptions are for observations at very long wavelengths ...
- Earth-Sun system
- (from the article "mechanics") To extend the idea further, consider the Earth and the Sun not as two separate bodies but as a single system of two bodies interacting with one another by means ...
- earth-wall community
- (from the article "China") ...real cause of their strength was supposed to be the people's support and sympathy for their leaders, but creating a power centre proved to be difficult because the Nian's basic ...
- earthenware
- pottery that has not been fired to the point of vitrification and is thus slightly porous and coarser than stoneware and porcelain. The body can be covered completely or decorated ... [10 Related Articles]
- earthfill dam
- dam built up by compacting successive layers of earth, using the most impervious materials to form a core and placing more permeable substances on the upstream and downstream sides. A ... [4 Related Articles]
- earthflow
- sheet or stream of soil and rock material saturated with water and flowing downslope under the pull of gravity; it represents the intermediate stage between creep and mudflow. Earthflows usually ... [1 Related Articles]
- EarthLink
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...and to offer lower-cost service that more people could afford, suffered their first setback as high-profile projects in San Francisco and Chicago were dropped over cost issues. Wi-Fi network builder ...
- earthly paradise
- (from the article "paradise") in religion, a place of exceptional happiness and delight. The term paradise is often used as a synonym for the Garden of Eden before the expulsion of Adam and Eve. ...
- earthnut
- (Conopodium majus), European plant of the carrot family (Apiaceae), so called because of its edible tubers. It grows in woods and fields in the British Isles and from Norway, France, ...
- earthquake
- any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through the Earth's rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in the Earth's ... [89 Related Articles]
- earthquake hazard map
- (from the article "earthquake") To avoid weaknesses found in earlier earthquake hazard maps, the following general principles are usually adopted today: The map should take into account not only the size but also the ...
- earthquake magnitude
- (from the article "earthquake") Earthquake magnitude is a measure of the "size," or amplitude, of the seismic waves generated by an earthquake source and recorded by seismographs. (The types and nature of these waves ...
- Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...the devastating 2005 earthquake in the northern areas, where more than half a million houses were destroyed or severely damaged over a vast area. The Pakistani government quickly established the ...
- earthquake swarm
- (from the article "earthquake") ...sufficiently strong (up to Richter magnitude 5) to cause property damage but no casualties. The maximum frequency was 6,780 small earthquakes on April 17, 1966. Such series of earthquakes are ...
- earthshine
- sunlight reflected from the Earth, especially that reflected to the Moon and back again. For a few days before and after New Moon, this doubly reflected earthshine is powerful enough ...
- earthstar
- (from the article "Lycoperdaceae") family of fungi in the order Agaricales (phylum Basidiomycota, kingdom Fungi) that includes about 160 species, among them earthstars and puffballs, which are found in soil or on decaying wood ...
- Earthwatch
- (from the article "United Nations Environment Programme") One of UNEP's most widely recognized activities is Earthwatch, an international monitoring system designed to facilitate the exchange of environmental information among governments. Participation in this enterprise enables members to ...
- earthworm
- any one of more than 1,800 species of terrestrial worms of the class Oligochaeta (phylum Annelida)-in particular, members of the genus Lumbricus. Seventeen native species and 13 introduced species (from ... [12 Related Articles]
- earwax
- (from the article "earwax impaction") filling of the external auditory canal with earwax, or cerumen. Normally the wax produced by skin glands in the outer ear migrates outward. If the earwax is produced too rapidly, ...
- earwax impaction
- filling of the external auditory canal with earwax, or cerumen. Normally the wax produced by skin glands in the outer ear migrates outward. If the earwax is produced too rapidly, ...
- earwig
- any of approximately 1,800 species of insects that are characterized by large membranous hindwings that lie hidden under short, leathery forewings. The name earwig is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word ... [3 Related Articles]
- Easdale, Brian
- (from the article "1948: Other Winners") ...for Joan of ArcArt Direction, Black-and-White: Roger K. Furse for HamletArt Direction, Color: Hein Heckroth for The Red ShoesMusic Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture: Brian Easdale for The ...
- ease of articulation principle
- (from the article "linguistics") ...than three and the common pronunciation of "library" as if it were written "libry." Both assimilation and dissimilation are commonly subsumed under the principle of "ease of articulation." This is ...
- ease of entry
- (from the article "monopoly and competition") Industries vary with respect to the ease with which new sellers can enter them. The barriers to entry consist of the advantages that sellers already established in an industry have ...
- easel painting
- painting executed on a portable support such as a panel or canvas, instead of on a wall. It is likely that easel paintings were known to the ancient Egyptians, and ... [4 Related Articles]
- easement
- in Anglo-American property law, a right granted by one property owner to another to use a part of his land for a specific purpose. [3 Related Articles]
- easement by implication
- (from the article "property law") ...that the conveyee has no convenient means of access except across the land retained by the conveyor, the conveyor will be presumed to have given the conveyee a right-of-way across ...
- easement by necessity
- (from the article "property law") ...to have given the conveyee a right-of-way across the retained land (easement by implication). The same will often be presumed where the conveyor has left himself totally landlocked (requiring an ...
- easement by prescription
- (from the article "property law") ...in favour of another. Finally, the continuous and uncontested use of an easement for the period of prescription (normally, the statute of limitations for ejectment actions) can give rise to ...
- Easington
- district, administrative and historic county of Durham, northeastern England, that extends north-south along the North Sea coast between the industrialized metropolitan areas of Tyne and Wear to the north and ...
- Easley v. Cromartie
- (from the article "O'Connor, Sandra Day") ...and sided with the court's more liberal members in upholding the configuration of a congressional district in North Carolina created on the basis of variables including but not limited to ...
- East Africa Association
- (from the article "Kenyatta, Jomo") The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921-the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. Kenyatta joined ...
- East Africa Coastal Current
- (from the article "equatorial current") ...north equatorial current is taken by the Monsoon Current. There is, however, an Indian South Equatorial Current. Flowing westerly with the trades north of latitude 22° S, it divides to ...
- East Africa Protectorate
- (from the article "Kenya") The East Africa ProtectorateKenyaPolitical movementsIn 1920 the East Africa Protectorate was turned into a colony and renamed Kenya, for its ...
- East African Community
- (from the article "Burundi") Burundi's economy was bolstered following the country's acceptance in April into the East African Community, a regional trade and development bloc. A funding crunch in the UN's World Food Programme ...
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