| | - Elias, John
- (from the article "Llangefni") ...island, the town originated as a market centre for the island's agricultural activity. The Moriah Calvinistic Methodist Church, one of the town's several Nonconformist churches, commemorates John Elias (1774-1841), a ...
- Elias, Ney
- (from the article "Pamirs") ...century, British representatives-such as John Wood in the 1830s-sought a suitable physiographic boundary between Russian and British India. The legendary journeys of the Englishman Ney Elias brought an enlightened European ...
- Elias, Norbert
- sociologist who described the growth of civilization in western Europe as a complex evolutionary process, most notably in his principal work, Uber den Prozess der Zivilisation (1939; The Civilizing Process: ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eliasson, Olafur
- On June 26, 2008, in an astounding merger of art, engineering, and natural phenomena, Olafur Eliasson's four man-made waterfalls were turned on along New York City's waterfront. For three and ...
- Eliasz, Nicolaes
- (from the article "Helst, Bartholomeus van der") Helst's first known picture, "Four Regents of the Walenweeshuis" (1637; Amsterdam, Walenweeshuis Orphanage), is closely related to the work of Nicolaes Eliasz., who was possibly his master. Success came rapidly ...
- Eliezer ben Hyrcanus
- (from the article "Johanan ben Zakkai") ...Roman camp, he somehow succeeded in getting permission to set up an academy in Jamnia (Jabneh), near the Judaean coast, and there he was joined by a number of his ...
- Elihu
- (from the article "biblical literature") Although a few scholars have maintained that the speeches of Elihu formed part of the original work, most reject this section as a later insertion. The speeches merely reiterate the ...
- Elijah
- Hebrew prophet who ranks with Moses in saving the religion of Yahweh from being corrupted by the nature worship of Baal. Elijah's name means "Yahweh is my God" and is ... [10 Related Articles]
- Elijah ben Solomon
- the gaon ("excellency") of Vilna, and the outstanding authority in Jewish religious and cultural life in 18th-century Lithuania. [4 Related Articles]
- Elijah's cup
- in Judaism, the fifth ceremonial cup of wine poured during the family Seder dinner on Passover (Pesah). It is left untouched in honour of Elijah, who, according to tradition, will ...
- Elimelech Of Lizhensk
- Jewish teacher and author, one of the founders of Hasidism (a Jewish pietistic movement) in Galicia.
- Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention on the
- (from the article "international law") ...of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the ...
- elimination reaction
- any of a class of organic chemical reactions in which a pair of atoms or groups of atoms are removed from a molecule, usually through the action of acids, bases, ... [6 Related Articles]
- eliminative materialism
- (from the article "mind, philosophy of") A philosopher might hold that there are no such things as sensations, images, perceptions, or emotions and that there never have been such. From this view, those who have believed ...
- eliminativism
- (from the article "science, philosophy of") Subjective Bayesianism is currently the most popular view of the confirmation of scientific hypotheses, partly because it seems to accord with important features of confirmation and partly because it is ...
- elinin
- (from the article "Calvin, Melvin") ...material. This was her first chemical laboratory experience but not her last by any means." Together they helped to determine the structure of one of the Rh antigens, which they ...
- elinvar
- (from the article "Guillaume, Charles Edouard") ...the volume of the litre, which he found to be 1,000.028 cubic centimetres, not 1,000.000 cubic centimetres as had been accepted. From 1890 he focused his attention on alloys and ...
- Elion, Gertrude B.
- American pharmacologist who, along with George H. Hitchings and Sir James W. Black, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for their development of drugs used to ... [3 Related Articles]
- Eliot, Charles William
- American educator, leader in public affairs, president of Harvard University for 40 years, and editor of the 50-volume Harvard Classics (1909-10). [1 Related Articles]
- Eliot, George
- English Victorian novelist who developed the method of psychological analysis characteristic of modern fiction. Her major works include Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on ... [5 Related Articles]
- Eliot, Jared
- American colonial clergyman, physician, and agronomist.
- Eliot, John
- Puritan missionary to the Native Americans of Massachusetts Bay Colony whose translation of the Bible in the Algonquian language was the first Bible printed in North America. [4 Related Articles]
- Eliot, Sir Charles
- diplomat and colonial administrator who initiated the policy of white supremacy in the British East Africa Protectorate (now Kenya). [1 Related Articles]
- Eliot, Sir John
- English Puritan and Parliamentarian who, with his brilliant oratory, played a leading role in the early conflicts between King Charles I and Parliament. His death during his imprisonment for opposing ...
- Eliot, T.S.
- American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, a leader of the modernist movement in poetry in such works as The Waste Land (1922) and [21 Related Articles]
- Elipandus
- (from the article "Adoptionism") ...one developed in the 2nd and 3rd centuries and is also known as Dynamic Monarchianism (see Monarchianism); the other began in the 8th century in Spain and was concerned with ...
- Eliphaz The Temanite
- in the Old Testament Book of Job (chapters 4, 5, 15, 22), one of three friends who sought to console Job, who is a biblical archetype of unmerited suffering. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elis
- ancient Greek region and city-state in the northwestern corner of the Peloponnese, well known for its horse breeding and for the Olympic Games, which were allegedly founded there in 776 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Elisabeth of Poland
- (from the article "Hradec Kralove") ...Sea to the Danube River and from Prague to Krakow, Poland. Its marketplace received town rights in 1225. Fortified in the 14th century, Hradec Kralove became associated with Elisabeth of ...
- Elisha
- in the Old Testament, Israelite prophet, the pupil of Elijah, and also his successor (c. 851 BC). He instigated and directed Jehu's revolt against the house of Omri, which was ... [3 Related Articles]
- Elisha ben Abuyah
- Jewish scholar who renounced his faith and who came to be regarded in later ages as a prototype of the heretic whose intellectual pride leads him to infidelity to Jewish ... [1 Related Articles]
- elision
- (Latin: "striking out"), in prosody, the slurring or omission of a final unstressed vowel that precedes either another vowel or a weak consonant sound, as in the word heav'n. It ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elista
- city and capital of Kalmykia republic, southwestern Russia. It was founded in 1865 and became a city in 1930. In 1944, when the Kalmyks were exiled by Joseph Stalin for ...
- elite
- (from the article "oligarchy") ...In this sense, oligarchy is a debased form of aristocracy, which denotes government by the few in which power is vested in the best individuals. Most classic oligarchies have resulted ...
- elite art
- (from the article "literature") ...and the poet who composed liturgies might be a priest. But the oral performance itself was accessible to the whole community. As society evolved its various social layers, or classes, ...
- elite literacy
- (from the article "writing") A literate society is also dependent upon the development of elite literacy-i.e., a high level of literate competence, possessed by a relatively small percentage of the population, in such specialized ...
- Elitlopp
- (from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...(123 mi) for a purse of euro1 million (about $1.2 million). Four months later Europe's best sprinters gathered at the Solvalla track in Stockholm to contest the Elitlopp. Norwegian harness ...
- elixir
- in alchemy, substance thought to be capable of changing base metals into gold. The same term, more fully elixir vitae, "elixir of life," was given to the substance that would ... [2 Related Articles]
- elixir
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...water-based solutions of drug containing high concentrations of sugar. They usually also contain added flavours and colours. Some syrups contain up to 85 percent sugar on a weight-to-volume basis. Elixirs ...
- Eliza
- (from the article "artificial intelligence") Two of the best-known early AI programs, Eliza and Parry, gave an eerie semblance of intelligent conversation. (Details of both were first published in 1966.) Eliza, written by Joseph Weizenbaum ...
- Elizabeth
- queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1936-52), wife of King George VI. She was credited with sustaining the monarchy through numerous crises, including the abdication ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth
- city, seat (1857) of Union county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies on Newark Bay and Arthur Kill (channel; connected by the Goethals Bridge to Staten Island, New York City) ...
- Elizabeth
- (from the article "Descartes, Rene") In 1644 Descartes published Principles of Philosophy, a compilation of his physics and metaphysics. He dedicated this work to Princess Elizabeth (1618-79), daughter of Elizabeth Stuart, titular ...
- Elizabeth
- empress of Russia from 1741 to 1761 (1762, New Style). [16 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth
- (from the article "Henry VII") Bohemia was acquired through the Bohemian princess Elizabeth, who, in exchange for imperial assistance in her attempt to seize the throne of Bohemia from her brother-in-law Henry of Carinthia, offered ...
- Elizabeth
- (from the article "Holy Family") ...current in all areas of western Europe from the 14th through the 17th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries it was often augmented by the figures of the infant ...
- Elizabeth
- empress consort of Austria from April 24, 1854, when she married the emperor Francis Joseph I. She was also queen of Hungary (crowned June 8, 1867) after the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth Castle
- (from the article "Saint Helier") ...a fishing village that grew up beside the parish church, where from the 13th century the king's courts usually met and where markets were held. St. Helier became the seat ...
- Elizabeth City
- city, seat (1799) of Pasquotank county, northeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies on the Pasquotank River (an embayment of Albemarle Sound) at the southern end of Dismal Swamp Canal on ...
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital
- (from the article "Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett") ...was appointed (1866) general medical attendant to the Marylebone Dispensary, later the New Hospital for Women, where she worked to create a medical school for women. In 1918 the hospital ...
- Elizabeth I
- queen of England (1558-1603) during a period, often called the Elizabethan Age, when England asserted itself vigorously as a major European power in politics, commerce, and the arts. [54 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth II
- queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. [77 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth Islands
- chain of small islands in southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. They extend southwestward for 16 miles (26 km) from the southwestern tip of Cape Cod, between Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Administratively ...
- Elizabeth Of France
- French princess, sister of King Louis XVI, noted for her courage and fidelity during the French Revolution, which sacrificed her to the guillotine.
- Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint
- princess of Hungary whose devotion to the poor (for whom she relinquished her wealth) made her an enduring symbol of Christian charity. [3 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth of Portugal, Saint
- daughter of Peter III of Aragon, wife of King Dinis (Denis) of Portugal. [1 Related Articles]
- Elizabeth of York
- (from the article "Henry VII") ...in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry ...
- Elizabeth Stuart
- British princess who from 1619 was titular queen of Bohemia. [1 Related Articles]
- Elizabethan Age
- (from the article "gardening") This awakening took especially firm root in Elizabethan England, which notably developed the idea that gardens were for enjoyment and delight. Echoing the Renaissance outlook, the mood of the period ...
- Elizabethan literature
- body of works written during the reign of Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603), probably the most splendid age in the history of English literature, during which such writers as Sir ... [18 Related Articles]
- Elizabethan Stage Society
- (from the article "Poel, William") ...Pre-Raphaelite artists, and as a boy he posed for William Holman Hunt. He early decided to go on the stage. After working for a time as an actor, stage manager, ...
- Elizabethton
- city, seat (1796) of Carter county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Doe and Watauga rivers, in the southern Appalachian Mountains, about 105 miles (170 km) ...
- Elizabethtown
- city, seat of Hardin county, central Kentucky, U.S., 44 miles (71 km) south of Louisville. Settled as Severns Valley Station (1779-80), it was laid out in 1793 by Colonel Andrew ...
- Elizalde, Manuel
- Philippine official and amateur anthropologist who in 1971 announced the discovery in Mindanao of the Tasaday, a tiny, primitive tribe living in isolation in the rain forest in such harmony ...
- Elk
- county, north-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It consists of a mountainous region on the Allegheny Plateau that is drained by the west and east branches of the Clarion River. Parklands include Elk ...
- elk
- in Europe, a member of Alces alces, large-hoofed mammals known in North America as the moose (q.v.). The name is also used for several large deer of the genus Cervus, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elk City
- city, Beckham county, western Oklahoma, U.S., on Elk Creek. Laid out in 1901, the town was first called Busch after the St. Louis brewing family. It is now the service ...
- elk grass
- (from the article "bear grass") one of two species of North American plants constituting the genus Xerophyllum of the family Melanthiaceae. The western species, X. tenax, also is known as elk grass, squaw grass, and ...
- Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") ...amounted to a state-led demonstration of religious devotion and therefore compromised the wall of separation dividing church and state. The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of ...
- Elk Island National Park
- park in central Alberta, Canada, 20 miles (32 km) east of Edmonton. Established in 1906 as a game preserve, it is one of Canada's smaller national parks, with an area ...
- Elk Mountain
- (from the article "San Miguel") ...New Mexico, U.S. The northwestern portion of the county lies at the southern end of the Sangre de Cristo range of the Southern Rocky Mountains, with Hermit Peak (10,263 feet ...
- Elk Mountains
- segment of the southern Rocky Mountains, extending for 50 miles (80 km) through Pitkin and Gunnison counties, west-central Colorado, U.S. Several peaks surpass 14,000 feet (4,300 metres), including Pyramid, Snowmass, ...
- Elk River
- river rising as Bradley Creek in the Cumberland Mountains, Grundy county, southern Tennessee, U.S. The river meanders approximately 200 miles (320 km) southwestward through Franklin and Lincoln counties, past Fayetteville, ...
- Elkesai
- (from the article "Elkesaite") ...of a Jewish sect that arose in the vicinity of Trans-Jordanic Palestine around 100 AD. The sect was most noted for its practice of ritual baptism. Named after either a ...
- Elkesaite
- member of a Jewish sect that arose in the vicinity of Trans-Jordanic Palestine around 100 AD. The sect was most noted for its practice of ritual baptism. Named after either ...
- Elkhart
- city, Elkhart county, northern Indiana, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the St. Joseph and Elkhart rivers, 15 miles (24 km) west of South Bend. Elkhart was laid out ...
- Elkhorn Ranch
- (from the article "Theodore Roosevelt National Park") ...a national memorial park in 1947, it underwent subsequent boundary changes and was redesignated a national park in 1978. It consists of three sections-North Unit, South Unit, and the central ...
- Elkies, Noam
- (from the article "number theory") ...once speculated that at least four fourth powers must be added together for the sum to be a fourth power. But in 1988, using a combination of mathematical insight and ...
- Elkin, Adolphus Peter
- (from the article "totemism") Levi-Strauss also critiqued the findings of A.P. Elkin, a specialist on Australia, where totemism had already played a special role in the formation of theories and where it exhibits an ...
- Elkin, Stanley
- American writer known for his extraordinary flights of language and imaginative tragicomic explorations of contemporary life. [1 Related Articles]
- Elkins
- city, seat (1899) of Randolph county, eastern West Virginia, U.S. It lies along the Tygart Valley River, about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Clarksburg. A rural settlement originally known ...
- Elkins, Stephen Benton
- (from the article "Elkins") ...km) southeast of Clarksburg. A rural settlement originally known as Leadsville, the town was laid out after the arrival of the Western Maryland Railway and was renamed (1890) to honour ...
- Elko
- county, northeastern corner of Nevada, U.S., bordering Idaho on the north and Utah on the east. The county is mountainous, including the Independence, Ruby, and Pequop ranges, with occasional valleys ...
- Elko
- city, seat (1869) of Elko county, northeastern Nevada, U.S., in the Humboldt River valley. It originated in 1868 as a construction camp along the Central Pacific Railroad. Fancifully named by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elkton
- town, seat (1786) of Cecil county, northeastern Maryland, U.S. It lies near the Delaware state line, 21 miles (34 km) west-southwest of Wilmington. It was patented as Friendship in 1681 ... [1 Related Articles]
- ell
- (from the article "measurement system") ...enforced rigid uniformity on merchants of all nationalities within the fairgrounds and had some effect on standardizing differences among regions, but the variations remained. A good example is the ell, ...
- Ella-Asbeha
- (from the article "Ethiopia") ...coasts on the Gulf of Aden. Even the South Arabian kingdom of the Himyarites, across the Red Sea in what is now Yemen, came under the suzerainty of Aksum. In ...
- Ellenberger, Henri
- (from the article "victimology") Victimology first emerged in the 1940s and '50s, when several criminologists (notably Hans von Hentig, Benjamin Mendelsohn, and Henri Ellenberger) examined victim-offender interactions and stressed reciprocal influences and role reversals. ...
- Ellenborough, Edward Law, Earl of, Viscount Southam Of Southam, Baron Ellenborough Of Ellenborough
- British governor-general of India (1842-44), who also served four times as president of the board of control for India and was first lord of the British Admiralty. He was recalled ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ellensburg
- city, seat (1883) of Kittitas county, central Washington, U.S., on the Yakima River, 28 miles (45 km) north of Yakima. The first white man settled there in 1867, and three ...
- Elleschodes
- (from the article "Magnoliidae") ...contains two species of Eupomatia, both of which occur in eastern Australia and one of which is also in New Guinea. Eupomatia species are pollinated by a single genus of ...
- Ellesmere Island
- largest island of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Baffin region, Nunavut territory, Canada, located off the northwest coast of Greenland. The island is believed to have been visited by Vikings in ...
- Ellesmere Port and Neston
- borough (district), administrative and historic county of Cheshire, England, extending from the River Mersey to the River Dee at the southern end of the Wirral peninsula. Ellesmere Port is very ...
- Ellesmere, Lake
- coastal lagoon, eastern South Island, New Zealand, just west of Banks Peninsula. It measures 14 by 8 miles (23 by 13 km) and is 70 square miles (180 square km) ...
- Ellet, Charles
- American engineer who built the first wire-cable suspension bridge in America.
- Ellet, Elizabeth Fries Lummis
- American historical writer, best remembered for her several extensive volumes of portraits of American women of the Revolutionary War and of Western pioneer days.
- Ellicott City
- (from the article "Howard") Howard county was created in 1851, having earlier been (from 1838) a district of Anne Arundel county. It was named for statesman and Revolutionary War hero John Eager Howard. The ...
- Elling, Aegidus
- (from the article "gas-turbine engine") ...compressor and the turbine but also on moderately high turbine-inlet temperatures. The first successful experimental gas turbine using both rotary compressors and turbines was built in 1903 by Aegidus Elling ...
- Ellington, Duke
- American pianist who was the greatest jazz composer and bandleader. One of the originators of big-band jazz, Ellington led his band for more than half a century, composed thousands of ... [12 Related Articles]
- Elliot Lake
- city, Algoma district, south-central Ontario, Canada. It lies along the Elliot and Horne lakes, midway between Sault Ste. Marie and Sudbury and about 15 miles (25 km) north of Lake ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elliot's short-tailed shrew
- (from the article "short-tailed shrew") The three species in the genus Blarina are the northern (B. brevicauda), the southern (B. carolinensis), and Elliot's (B. hylophaga) short-tailed shrew. Blarina is one of many ...
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