a machine that can convert any of various forms of energy into mechanical power or motion. See diesel engine; gasoline engine; internal-combustion engine; jet engine; rocket; rotary engine; steam engine.
the application of science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. The field has been defined by the Engineers Council for Professional Development, ...
the scientific discipline concerned with the application of geological knowledge to engineering problems-e.g., to reservoir design and location, determination of slope stability for construction purposes, and determination of earthquake, flood, ...
English national church that traces its history back to the arrival of Christianity in Britain during the 2nd century; it has been the original church of the Anglican Communion (q.v.) ...
Irish-born American Roman Catholic prelate who became the first bishop of Charleston and who founded the first Roman Catholic newspaper in the United States.
American economist, corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2003 for his development of methods for analyzing time series data with time-varying volatility. He shared the award with Clive ...
city, Arapahoe county, north-central Colorado, U.S., on the South Platte River, immediately south of Denver. In 1858 a gold placer deposit, one of the first in Colorado, was discovered nearby. ...
city, Bergen county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies across the Hudson River from the Bronx, New York City. Founded in 1647 as part of Hackensack, it was detached for ...
any of the troupes of English actors who toured the German-speaking states during the late 16th and the 17th centuries, exerting an important influence on the embryonic German drama and ...
city, north-central West Bengal state, northeastern India, just west of the Mahananda River. The city was chosen as the site of the British East India Company's silk factories (trading stations) ...
narrow arm of the Atlantic Ocean separating the southern coast of England from the northern coast of France and tapering eastward to its junction with the North Sea at the ...
the fighting that took place in the British Isles between Parliamentarians and supporters of the monarchy. It was precipitated by the Bishops' War (1639, 1640) with Scotland, to finance which ...
in horse racing, five of the oldest and most important English horse races. They are the Derby, the Oaks, the One Thousand Guineas, the Saint Leger, and the Two Thousand ...
type of garden that developed in 18th-century England, originating as a revolt against the architectural garden, which relied on rectilinear patterns, sculpture, and the unnatural shaping of trees. The revolutionary ...
orchestral woodwind instrument, a large oboe pitched a fifth below the ordinary oboe, with a bulbous bell and, at the top end, a bent metal crook on which the double ...
West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family that is closely related to Frisian, German, and Netherlandic languages. English originated in England and is now widely spoken on six continents. ...
the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles (including Ireland) from the 7th century to the present day. The major literatures written ...
British dance troupe. Organized in 1950 by Alicia Markova and Anton Dolin with a corps de ballet drawn chiefly from the Cone-Ripman School in London and at Tring, Hertford, the ...
(Quercus robur), ornamental and timber tree of the beech family (Fagaceae) that is native to Eurasia but also cultivated in North America and Australia. The tree has a short, stout ...
dominant school of painting in England throughout the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th. Its establishment marked the rise of a national tradition ...
breed of dog known in Britain since Tudor times but that apparently originated in ancient Japan or China. It was favoured by Mary, Queen of Scots, King Charles II (after ...
(all three are lumber trade names), an ornamental evergreen tree of the yew family (Taxaceae), widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia as far east as the Himalayas. Some botanists consider ...
a group of strict Welsh poetic metres. The most popular form is the englyn unodl union ("direct monorhyme englyn"), which is a combination of a cywydd, a type of rhyming ...
glassware decorated with finely carved, three-dimensional patterns or pictures. The most common engraving technique involves incising a design into glass with a rapidly spinning copper wheel fed with abrasives. Other ...
technique of making prints from metal plates into which a design has been incised with a cutting tool called a burin. Modern examples are almost invariably made from copperplates; hence, ...
in the system of equal temperament tuning used on keyboard instruments, two tones or intervals that sound the same but are notated differently-for example, c♯ and d♭ (enharmonic tones) or ...
an Italian energy company operating primarily in petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemicals. Established in 1953, it was by the late 1990s one of Europe's largest oil companies in terms of ...
city, seat (1907) of Garfield county, north-central Oklahoma, U.S. Located at a watering place on the Chisholm Trail and reached by the Rock Island Railroad in 1889, it was founded ...
device used by the German military command to encode strategic messages before and during World War II. The Enigma code was first broken by the Poles, under the leadership of ...
in prosody, the continuation of the sense of a phrase beyond the end of a line of verse. T.S. Eliot used enjambment in the opening lines of his poem The ...
German figure skater turned speed skater who won eight Olympic medals, including three gold. Enke's switch from figure skating to speed skating was relatively easy, and she proved to be ...
gemeente (commune), Nordholland provincie, northwestern Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (Lake IJssel). Chartered in 1355, the town gained importance during the 16th and 17th centuries as a fishing and shipping centre ...
in photography, device for producing a photographic print or negative larger than the original negative or transparency. The enlarger consists of a projection system, or head assembly, mounted on a ...
a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and man were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent and that ...
Mesopotamian god of the atmosphere and a member of the triad of gods completed by Anu (Sumerian: An) and Ea (Enki). Enlil meant Lord Wind: both the hurricane and the ...
ancient Sumerian hero and king of Uruk (Erech), a city-state in southern Mesopotamia, who is thought to have lived at the end of the 4th or beginning of the 3rd ...
city, capital of Enna provincia (province), central Sicily, Italy, on a plateau dominating the valley of the Dittaino, northeast of Caltanissetta. A city of the Siculi, an ...
plateau region, northeastern Chad, central Africa, centred around the town of Fada. The terrain is primarily arid desert, with sandstone peaks rising to 4,756 ft (1,450 m). Wild game is ...
Buddhist priest of the early Heian period, founder of the Sammon branch of the Tendai sect, who brought from China a system of vocal-music notation still used in Japan.
county town (seat) of County Clare, Ireland, on the River Fergus. Incorporated in 1612, it is now controlled by an urban district council. A Franciscan abbey, founded about 1242, is ...
town and seat, Fermanagh district (established 1973), formerly in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Situated on Cethlin's Island, it was a strategic crossing point of Lough Erne and an ancient stronghold ...
epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets, rightly called the founder of Roman literature. His epic Annales, a narrative poem telling the story of ...
town, Bundesland Oberosterreich (federal province of Upper Austria), northeast central Austria, on the Enns River near its junction with the Danube, southeast of Linz. Its suburb of Lorch (incorporated into ...
British producer, composer, keyboardist, and singer who helped define and reinvent the sound of some of the most popular bands of the 1980s and '90s and who created the genre ...
pseudepigraphal work (not included in any canon of scripture) whose only complete extant version is an Ethiopic translation of a previous Greek translation made in Palestine from the original Hebrew ...
pseudepigraphal work whose only extant version is a Slavonic translation of the Greek original. The Slavonic edition is a Christian work, probably of the 7th century Ad, but it rests ...
Japanese naval officer and statesman who was the last supporter of the Tokugawa family-which ruled Japan for 264 years-to capitulate to the forces that favoured the restoration of power to ...
any of a group of extreme revolutionaries in France in 1793, led by a former priest, Jacques Roux, and Varlet, a postal official, who advocated social and economic measures in ...
gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the Twente Canal, near the German border, comprising the villages of Lonneker, Glanerbrug, and Boekelo and the town of Enschede. Chartered in ...
city, northwestern Baja California Norte state, northwestern Mexico. It is on Bahia (bay) Todos Santos of the Pacific Ocean, 43 ft (13 m) above sea level. The climate is cool ...
Spanish statesman who, as prime minister from 1743 to 1754, pursued a vigorous reform policy that succeeded in advancing internal prosperity and promoting military strength.
floor covering, usually about 1.4 × 1.5 metres (4.5 feet × 5 feet), of a type apparently woven by all Turkmen tribes, with enough similarity in format to suggest that ...
any member of the insect family Evaniidae (order Hymenoptera), so called because the small, oval abdomen is held high like an ensign, or flag. A few hundred species of this ...
common silicate mineral in the pyroxene family. It is the stable form of magnesium silicate (MgSiO3, often with up to 10 percent iron) at low temperatures. See orthopyroxene.
in architecture, assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately above the columns of Classical buildings or similar structural supports in non-Classical buildings.
in feudal English law, an interest in land bound up inalienably in the grantee and then forever to his direct descendants. A basic condition of entail was that if the ...
protozoan genus of the rhizopodian order Amoebida. Most species are parasitic in the intestines of many vertebrates, including humans; E. histolytica is the cause of human amebic dysentery. The cell ...
in architecture, the convex curve given to a column, spire, or similar upright member, in an attempt to correct the optical illusion of hollowness or weakness that would arise from ...
city, south-central Uganda, eastern Africa, at the end of a peninsula jutting into Lake Victoria 21 miles (34 km) south of Kampala. Founded as a garrison post in 1893, it ...
(July 3-4, 1976), rescue by an Israeli commando squad of 103 hostages from a French jet airliner en route from Israel to France that, after stopping at Athens, had been ...
(from Greek entelecheia), in philosophy, that which realizes or makes actual what is otherwise merely potential. The concept is intimately connected with Aristotle's distinction between matter and form, or the ...
(April 8, 1904), Anglo-French agreement that, by settling a number of controversial matters, ended antagonisms between Great Britain and France and paved the way for their diplomatic cooperation against German ...
inflammation of the intestines (especially of the small intestine), caused by irritants, poisons, viral or bacterial infections, or unknown factors. The symptoms are extremely variable but usually include continuous or ...
any animal in which the body cavity (coelom) arises in the embryonic stage as an outpocketing of the developing gut (enteron). This form of development, found in echinoderms (e.g., starfishes, ...
