| | - elder
- any of about 10 species, mainly shrubs and small trees, constituting the genus Sambucus of the family Adoxaceae. Most are native to forested temperate or subtropical areas of both hemispheres. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elder Reuss
- (from the article "Reuss") ...latter took the name Reuss from its head, Henry the Russian (so designated after a trip to Russia and marriage to a Galician princess). It became Lutheran and split itself ...
- Elder, John
- Scottish marine engineer whose introduction of the compound steam engine on ships cut fuel consumption and helped make practical long voyages on which refueling was impossible.
- Elder, Kate
- plainswoman and frontier prostitute of the old American West, companion and possible wife of Doc Holliday (q.v.). [1 Related Articles]
- Elder, Lonne, III
- American playwright whose critically acclaimed masterwork, Ceremonies in Dark Old Men (1965, revised 1969), depicted the dreams, frustrations, and ultimate endurance of a black family living in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Elder, Will
- American illustrator earned a reputation as "the master of vulgar modernism"-in the words of one critic-with his lavish, wildly irreverent drawings for such magazines as Mad and Playboy. In 1952 ...
- elder-flowered orchid
- (from the article "Dactylorhiza") All species were formerly included in the genus Dactylorchis. The marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata), elder-flowered orchid (D. sambucina), and spotted orchid (D. fuchsii) are common European species.
- elderberry longhorn
- (from the article "long-horned beetle") The lepturids (subfamily Lepturinae) include the elderberry longhorn (Desmocerus palliatus), also called the cloaked knotty-horn beetle because it looks as if it has a yellow cloak on its shoulders and ...
- Elders, House of the
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...instituted an experiment in constitutional monarchy. In 1964 a Loya Jirga (Grand Assembly) approved a new constitution, under which the House of the People was to have 216 elected members ...
- Elders, Joycelyn
- American physician and public health official who served (1993-94) as U.S. surgeon general, the first black and the second woman to hold that post.
- Eldon, John Scott, 1st Earl of, Viscount Encombe Of Encombe, Baron Eldon Of Eldon
- lord chancellor of England for much of the period between 1801 and 1827. As chief equity judge, he granted the injunction as a remedy more often than earlier lords chancellor ...
- Eldorado
- originally, the legendary ruler of an Indian town near Bogota, who was believed to plaster his naked body with gold dust during festivals, then plunge into Lake Guatavita to wash ... [2 Related Articles]
- Eldoret
- town, western Kenya, on the Uasin Gishu Plateau west of the Great Rift Valley. Situated at an elevation of 6,857 feet (2,090 metres) above sea level, it has a healthful ...
- Eldred, John
- (from the article "Fitch, Ralph") In February 1583, together with John Newberry, John Eldred, William Leedes, and James Story, Fitch embarked in the Tiger and reached Syria in late April. (Act I, scene 3 of ...
- Eldredge, Niles
- (from the article "Gould, Stephen Jay") ...He joined the faculty of Harvard University in 1967, becoming a full professor there in 1973. Gould's own technical research focused on the evolution and speciation of West Indian land ...
- Eldridge, Roy
- American trumpeter, one of the great creative musicians of the 1930s. [2 Related Articles]
- Elea
- ancient city in Lucania, Italy, about 25 miles southeast of Paestum; home of the Eleatic school of philosophers, including Parmenides and Zeno. The city was founded about 535 BC by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eleanor
- (from the article "King John") ...contrasting characters-each able to influence him, each bringing irresolvable and individual problems into dramatic focus. Chief among these characters are John's domineering mother, Queen Eleanor (formerly Eleanor of Aquitaine), and ...
- Eleanor Crosses
- (from the article "Eleanor Of Castile") ...from a dagger wound is evidently apocryphal. After Edward ascended the throne, Eleanor was criticized for allegedly mistreating the tenants on her lands. Upon her death, Edward erected the famous ...
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137-52) and Henry II of England (1152-1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lion-Heart) and John of England. She was perhaps the ... [11 Related Articles]
- Eleanor Of Castile
- queen consort of King Edward I of England (ruled 1272-1307). Her devotion to Edward helped bring out his better qualities; after her death, his rule became somewhat arbitrary. Eleanor was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eleanor Of Provence
- queen consort of King Henry III of England (ruled 1216-72); her widespread unpopularity intensified the severe conflicts between the King and his barons.
- Eleatic One
- in Eleatic philosophy, the assertion of Parmenides of Elea that Being is one (Greek: hen) and unique and that it is continuous, indivisible, and all that there is or ever ...
- Eleaticism
- one of the principal schools of ancient Pre-Socratic philosophy, so called from its seat in the Greek colony of Elea (or Velia) in southern Italy. This school, which flourished in ... [8 Related Articles]
- Eleazar
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...of Meribah). Refused permission by the King of Edom to pass through that land, over the much-used King's Highway, they proceed from Kadesh to Mt. Hor, where Aaron dies and ...
- Eleazar ben Azariah
- Jewish rabbinic scholar, one of the Palestinian tannaim (those who compiled the Jewish Oral Law), whose practical maxims constitute some of the best-known sayings of the Talmud.
- Eleazar ben Judah Of Worms
- Jewish rabbi, mystic, Talmudist, and codifier. Along with the Sefer Hasidim (1538; "Book of the Pious"), of which he was a coauthor, his voluminous works are the major extant documents ... [2 Related Articles]
- Eleazar ha-Kalir
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") ...educated audience, abound in recondite allusions and contain exhaustive lists of rites and laws. It is known that the most outstanding poets-Phineas the Priest, Yose ben Yose, Yannai, and Eleazar ...
- elect, the
- (from the article "Arminianism") ...(1603-09), who became involved in a highly publicized debate with his colleague Franciscus Gomarus, a rigid Calvinist, concerning the Calvinist interpretation of the divine decrees respecting election and reprobation. For ...
- election
- (from the article "France") ...collected in the treasury, the work of which Charles VII reorganized in four regional offices. Extraordinary revenues had been administered since the 1350s in districts (elections), whose ...
- election
- the formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting. It is important to distinguish between the form and the ... [404 Related Articles]
- election poll
- (from the article "public opinion") Critics allege also that election polls create a "bandwagon effect"-that people want to be on the winning side and therefore switch their votes to the candidates whom the polls show ...
- Elections Canada
- (from the article "Conservative Party of Canada") ...December 2003 more than 90 percent of the members of both the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives endorsed a merger. The Conservative Party of Canada was officially registered with ...
- elective abortion
- (from the article "pregnancy") ...A therapeutic abortion is the interruption of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation because it endangers the mother's life or health or because the baby presumably would not ...
- elector
- prince of the Holy Roman Empire who had a right to participate in the election of the emperor (the German king). Beginning around 1273 and with the confirmation of the ... [4 Related Articles]
- electoral college
- (from the article "Estonia") ...foreign minister and member of the European Parliament, became Estonia's third post-communist president, defeating Arnold Ruutel's bid for a second term by a razor-thin majority in the electoral college, which ...
- electoral college
- the system by which the president and vice president of the United States are chosen. It was devised by the framers of the United States Constitution to provide a method ... [9 Related Articles]
- Electoral Commission
- (1877), in U.S. history, commission created by Congress to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876 between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. For the first time ... [1 Related Articles]
- Electoral Dispute of 1876
- (from the article "United States") The circumstances surrounding the disputed election of 1876 strengthened Hayes's intention to work with the Southern whites, even if it meant abandoning the few Radical regimes that remained in the ...
- Electra
- in Greek legend, the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who saved the life of her young brother Orestes by sending him away when their father was murdered. When he later ... [1 Related Articles]
- Electra
- (from the article "typography") ...and the bindings, using designs made up of repeated decorative units like early printers' fleurons, were extremely successful. Dwiggins designed a number of typefaces for the Linotype, two of which, ...
- Electra
- (from the article "Lockheed Martin Corporation") ...Within a short time, four investors led by the banker Robert Ellsworth Gross acquired Lockheed's assets for $40,000 and revived Lockheed Aircraft Company. In 1934 the company delivered its first ...
- Electra
- (from the article "Pleiades") ...hundred stars, of which six or seven can be seen by the unaided eye and have figured prominently in the myths and literature of many cultures. In Greek mythology the ...
- Electra complex
- (from the article "Oedipus complex") ...concept in his Interpretation of Dreams (1899). The term derives from the Theban hero Oedipus of Greek legend, who unknowingly slew his father and married his mother; its female analogue, ...
- electret
- material that retains its electric polarization after being subjected to a strong electric field. The positive charge within the material becomes permanently displaced in the direction of the field, and ...
- electret condenser microphone
- (from the article "electromechanical transducer") The electrostatic or condenser microphone is constructed with the diaphragm as one plate of a parallel-plate capacitor. The most popular form of this type of microphone is the electret condenser ...
- electric action
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") As early as 1860, electric action was used experimentally, and it came into wide use at the end of the 19th century. Direct electric action, in which an electromagnet pulls ...
- Electric and Musical Industries
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Apple, which had about 70% of the music-download market, introduced a major change in May in the way music was sold online. In an arrangement with EMI Group, Apple began ...
- electric arc
- continuous, high-density electric current between two separated conductors in a gas or vapour with a relatively low potential difference, or voltage, across the conductors. The high-intensity light and heat of ... [7 Related Articles]
- electric automobile
- battery-powered motor vehicle, originating in the late 1880s and used for private passenger, truck, and bus transportation. [6 Related Articles]
- Electric Boat Company
- (from the article "General Dynamics Corp.") The original company, the Electric Boat Company, was founded in 1899 and built the Holland, the first submarine purchased by the U.S. Navy, in 1900. Electric Boat continued to build ...
- electric buoy
- (from the article "lighthouse") ...a buoy may be fitted with a racon, radar reflector, and low-power fog signal. In earlier times acetylene gas was the only practicable illuminant, which restricted the power of the ...
- electric catfish
- any of about 18 widely distributed freshwater catfish species native to tropical Africa belonging to two genera (Malapterurus and Paradoxoglanis) of the family Malapteruridae. The best known of this group ... [2 Related Articles]
- electric charge
- basic property of matter carried by some elementary particles. Electric charge, which can be positive or negative, occurs in discrete natural units and is neither created nor destroyed. [40 Related Articles]
- electric circuit
- path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that ... [5 Related Articles]
- electric clock
- (from the article "clock") Electric currents can be used to replace the weight or spring as a source of power and as a means of signaling time indications from a central master clock to ...
- electric current
- any movement of electric charge carriers, such as subatomic charged particles (e.g., electrons having negative charge, protons having positive charge), ions (atoms that have lost or gained one or more ... [36 Related Articles]
- electric current density
- (from the article "electromagnetism") ...segment of the path dl, theta is the angle between the field B and dl. ) The current i in Ampere's law is the ...
- electric dipole
- pair of equal and opposite electric charges the centres of which are not coincident. An atom in which the centre of the negative cloud of electrons has been shifted slightly ... [6 Related Articles]
- electric dipole moment
- (from the article "liquid") ...there is an excess of positive charge on one end of the molecule and an excess of negative charge on the other, the molecule has a dipole moment (i.e., a ...
- electric discharge lamp
- lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. The French astronomer Jean Picard observed (1675) a ... [6 Related Articles]
- electric discharge tube
- (from the article "ionization energy") The ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules (or electron volts), is usually measured in an electric discharge tube in which a fast-moving electron generated by an electric ...
- electric displacement
- auxiliary electric field or electric vector that represents that aspect of an electric field associated solely with the presence of separated free electric charges, purposely excluding the contribution of any ...
- electric drill
- (from the article "hand tool") The most popular power tools are the electric drill and the electric circular saw. Like its manual counterpart, the electric drill rotates a tool bit, but the circular saw has ...
- electric eel
- elongated South American fish that produces a powerful electric shock to stun its prey, usually other fish. [7 Related Articles]
- electric field
- region around an electric charge in which an electric force is exerted on another charge. Instead of considering the electric force as a direct interaction of two electric charges at ... [43 Related Articles]
- electric field strength
- (from the article "physical science, principles of") ...is a constant whose value is irrelevant to the present discussion. The combination q1r/4piepsilon0r3 is called the electric field strength due to q1 at a distance
- electric fish
- (from the article "electricity") ...distances from it. These currents, originating in active membrane, are functionally significant very close to their site of origin but must be considered incidental at any distance from it. In ...
- electric flux
- (from the article "electromagnetism") ...quantities associated with vector fields, like the electric field E and the magnetic field B, are useful for describing electromagnetic phenomena. They are the ...
- electric furnace
- heating chamber with electricity as the heat source for achieving very high temperatures to melt and alloy metals and refractories. The electricity has no electrochemical effect on the metal but ... [4 Related Articles]
- electric generator
- any machine that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, ... [14 Related Articles]
- electric guitar
- (from the article "Fender, Leo") Together with George Fullerton, Fender developed the first mass-produced solid-body electric guitar, in 1948. Called the Fender Broadcaster (renamed the Telecaster in 1950), it was produced under the auspices of ...
- electric heater
- device for heating rooms that converts electric current to heat by means of resistors that emit radiant energy. Resistors may be composed of metal-alloy wire, nonmetallic carbon compounds, or printed ... [1 Related Articles]
- electric larynx
- (from the article "speech") ...reasons. These persons, however, can use an artificial larynx to substitute for the vocal carrier wave of articulation. Numerous mechanical and pneumatic models have been invented, but the modern electric ...
- Electric Lightning
- (from the article "military aircraft") ...the F-105, with heavy loads of conventional bombs under the wings, carried out the brunt of U.S. Air Force attacks against North Vietnam. Also noteworthy in this generation were the ...
- electric locomotive
- (from the article "locomotive") Efforts to propel railroad vehicles using batteries date from 1835, but the first successful application of electric traction was in 1879, when an electric locomotive ran at an exhibition in ...
- electric monopole transition
- (from the article "radioactivity") Though not literally a gamma transition, electric monopole (E0) transitions may appropriately be mentioned here. These may occur when there is no angular momentum change between initial and final nuclear ...
- electric motor
- any of a class of devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, usually by employing electromagnetic phenomena. [12 Related Articles]
- electric motor horsepower
- (from the article "horsepower") ...Brake or shaft horsepower is less than indicated horsepower by the amount of power lost to friction within the engine itself, which may amount to 10 percent or more of ...
- Electric Pencil
- (from the article "computer") ...a practice that became common in the industry. General Ledger began to familiarize business managers with microcomputers. Another important program was the first microcomputer word processor, called Electric Pencil, developed ...
- electric polarization
- slight relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts ... [8 Related Articles]
- electric potential
- the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field. Typically, the reference point is the Earth, although ... [4 Related Articles]
- electric power
- energy generated through the conversion of other forms of energy, such as mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy. Electric energy is unrivaled for many uses, as for lighting, computer operation, motive ... [58 Related Articles]
- electric power supply
- (from the article "energy conversion") ...energy for pumping water and grinding grain. Other energy-conversion systems are decidedly more complex, particularly those that take raw energy from fossil fuels and nuclear fuels to generate electrical power. ...
- electric quadrupole moment
- (from the article "magnetic resonance") For certain nuclei, the NMR spectrum reveals the existence of nuclear electric quadrupole moments (an electric quadrupole consists of a charge distribution equivalent to a special arrangement of two electric ...
- electric ray
- any of the rays of the families Torpedinidae, Narkidae, Narcinidae, and Hypnidae, named for their ability to produce electrical shocks. They are found worldwide in warm and temperate waters. [4 Related Articles]
- electric razor
- (from the article "razor") Electric razors were patented as early as 1900 in the United States, but the first to be successfully manufactured was that on which Jacob Schick, a retired U.S. Army colonel, ...
- electric stargazer
- (from the article "perciform") ...and surgeonfishes. The venomous spines in the surgeonfish are located on either side of the caudal peduncle (the narrow stalk just in front of the tail). Especially well armed are ...
- electric starter
- (from the article "Kettering, Charles F.") ...Edward A. Deeds, Kettering founded Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company) to design automotive electrical equipment. He developed improved lighting and ignition systems as well as the first electric starter, which ...
- electric susceptibility
- quantitative measure of the extent to which an electric field applied to a dielectric material causes polarization, the slight displacement of positive and negative charge within the material. For most ... [1 Related Articles]
- electric switch
- device for opening and closing electrical circuits under normal load conditions, usually operated manually. There are many designs of switches; a common type-the toggle, or tumbler, switch-is widely used in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Electric Telegraph Company
- (from the article "telegraph") In Britain the Electric Telegraph Company was formed in 1845 to promote development of the needle telegraph system. As in the United States, development of the telegraph was carried out ...
- electric transmission
- (from the article "ship") ...engine, a speed reducer will be essential in order to match the most efficient engine speed to the most efficient propeller speed. The usual means for accomplishing this is mechanical ...
- electric typewriter
- (from the article "typewriter") A significant advance in the typewriter field was the development of the electric typewriter, basically a mechanical typewriter with the typing stroke powered by an electric-motor drive. The typist initiates ...
- electric wind
- (from the article "oxidation-reduction reaction") ...and also from the deviation of the flame cone in an electric field (the charges are attracted or repelled, distorting the flame), a phenomenon usually interpreted as a mechanical effect ...
- electric-arc steelmaking
- (from the article "steel") About one-quarter of the world's steel is produced by the electric-arc method, which uses high-current electric arcs to melt steel scrap and convert it into liquid steel of a specified ...
- electric-filament lamp
- (from the article "lighthouse") The electric-filament lamp, which came into general use in the 1920s, is now the standard illuminant. Power output ranges from about 1,500 watts for the largest structures down to about ...
- electrical air thermometer
- (from the article "Kinnersley, Ebenezer") British colonial contemporary of Benjamin Franklin in the investigation of electricity and inventor of an electrical air thermometer (c. 1755). He also sought to find ways in which to protect ...
- electrical and electronics engineering
- the branch of engineering concerned with the practical applications of electricity in all its forms, including those of the field of electronics. Electronics engineering is that branch of electrical engineering ... [1 Related Articles]
- Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of
- international organization of engineers and scientists in electrical engineering, electronics, and allied fields, formed in 1963 by merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (founded 1884) and the Institute ... [1 Related Articles]
- electrical conduction
- (from the article "electricity") The highest energy band occupied by electrons is the valence band. In a conductor, the valence band is partially filled, and since there are numerous empty levels, the electrons are ...
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