| | - Egyptian labyrinth
- (from the article "Amenemhet III") ...the Al-Fayyum depression southwest of Cairo. The resulting stabilization of the water level also drained some of the marshes that had surrounded the old lake. As part of this great ...
- Egyptian language
- extinct language of the Nile valley that constitutes a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. The Semitic, Cushitic, Chadic, Omotic, and Amazigh (Berber) language groups constitute the remaining members of ... [8 Related Articles]
- Egyptian law
- the law that originated with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under King Menes (c. 2925 BC) and grew and developed until the Roman occupation of Egypt (30 BC). ... [1 Related Articles]
- Egyptian lotus
- (from the article "lotus") The Egyptian lotus is a white water lily, Nymphaea lotus (family Nymphaeaceae). The blue lotus (N. caerulea) was the dominant lotus in Egyptian art. The sacred lotus of the Hindus ...
- Egyptian Museum
- museum of Egyptian antiquities in Cairo, founded in the 19th century by the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette and housing the world's most valuable collection of its kind. The museum was ... [2 Related Articles]
- Egyptian Museum
- (from the article "Vatican Museums and Galleries") ...in 1836 by Pope Gregory XVI (reorganized in 1924), houses a collection of objects from Etruscan excavations and objects from the Regolini-Galassi tomb with its collection of Etruscan jewelry. The ...
- Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection
- museum located in Berlin, Ger., noted for possessing one of the world's leading collections of artifacts and texts of ancient Egypt. [1 Related Articles]
- Egyptian religion
- indigenous beliefs of ancient Egypt from predynastic times (4th millennium BCE) to the disappearance of the traditional culture in the first centuries CE. For historical background and detailed dates, see ... [55 Related Articles]
- Egyptian Theatre
- (from the article "Hollywood") ...and Tyrone Power. Hollywood Boulevard, long a chic thoroughfare, became rather tawdry with the demise of old studio Hollywood, but it underwent regeneration beginning in the late 20th century; the ...
- Egyptian vulture
- (from the article "vulture") The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), also called Pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture about 60 cm (24 inches) long. It is white with black flight feathers, a bare ...
- Egyptian wildcat
- small, tabbylike cat (family Felidae) found in open and forested regions of Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. Possibly the first cat to be domesticated, the Egyptian wildcat is somewhat larger ...
- Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty
- (from the article "Egypt") ...security personnel to police the Gaza Strip after the expected Israeli withdrawal. Egypt canceled its participation in the ceremonies in Israel marking the 25th anniversary of the signing of the ...
- Egyptology
- the study of pharaonic Egypt, spanning the period c. 4500 BCE to CE 641. Egyptology began when the scholars accompanying Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt (1798-1801) published [9 Related Articles]
- Egyptomania
- (from the article "Egyptomania") Fascination with Egypt has existed for millennia, Isis temples in Greece being known by the 4th century BCE. Romans imported a multitude of genuine Egyptian objects and created their own ...
- Eh
- (from the article "mineral") ...sequence. Atmospheric conditions are characterized by low temperatures and pressures, and under such conditions stability fields of minerals can often conveniently be expressed in terms of Eh (oxidation potential) and ...
- Eh-pH diagram
- any of a class of diagrams that illustrate the fields of stability of mineral or chemical species in terms of the activity of hydrogen ions (pH) and the activity of ... [1 Related Articles]
- eHarmony
- American company providing online personal-relationship and matchmaking services. Founded in 2000 by Neil Clark Warren, a clinical psychologist, eHarmony is based in Pasadena, Calif. The company aims to unite compatible ...
- EHF
- (from the article "telecommunications media") ...Today, civilian radio signals populate the radio spectrum in eight frequency bands, ranging from very low frequency (VLF), starting at 3 kilohertz, and extending to extremely high frequency (EHF), ending ...
- Ehime
- prefecture (ken), northwestern Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea (north) and Bungo-suido (Bungo Strait; west). It occupies an area of 2,190 square miles (5,672 square km). The interior is mountainous, ...
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- rare, heritable disorder characterized by great elasticity of the skin, skin fragility with a tendency to hemorrhage, poor scar formation, and hyperextensibility of the joints ("elastic men"). The skin is ... [3 Related Articles]
- Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried
- German biologist, microscopist, scientific explorer, and a founder of micropaleontology-the study of fossil microorganisms.
- Ehrenbreitstein Fortress
- (from the article "Koblenz") The Ehrenbreitstein Fortress and suburb across the Rhine were incorporated into Koblenz in 1937. A castle, first built on the site in the 11th century, passed to the archbishops of ...
- Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigoryevich
- prolific writer and journalist, one of the most effective Soviet spokesmen to the Western world.
- Ehrenfels, Christian, Freiherr (baron) von
- Austrian philosopher remembered for his introduction of the term Gestalt ("figure") into psychology and for his contribution to value theory.
- Ehrenfest model of diffusion
- (from the article "probability theory") The Ehrenfest model of diffusion (named after the Austrian Dutch physicist Paul Ehrenfest) was proposed in the early 1900s in order to illuminate the statistical interpretation of the second law ...
- Ehrenfest, Paul
- Austrian theoretical physicist who helped clarify the foundations of quantum theory and statistical mechanics. [1 Related Articles]
- Ehrenreich, Johann Eberhard Ludwig
- (from the article "Marieberg pottery") Swedish pottery produced at the factory of Marieberg on the island of Kungsholmen, not far from Stockholm, from about 1759 until 1788. When the Marieberg factory, founded by Johann Eberhard ...
- Ehrharta erecta
- (from the article "Stebbins, George Ledyard, Jr.") ...was developed for doubling a plant's chromosomal number artificially, Stebbins used it to produce polyploids from several species of wild grass, of which the new species Ehrharta ...
- Ehringsdorf remains
- human fossils found between 1908 and 1925 near Weimar, Germany. The most complete fossils consist of a fragmented braincase and lower jaw of an adult and the lower jaw, trunk, ...
- Ehrlich, Eugen
- Austrian legal scholar and teacher generally credited with founding the discipline of the sociology of law. [1 Related Articles]
- Ehrlich, Paul
- German medical scientist known for his pioneering work in hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy and for his discovery of the first effective treatment for syphilis. He received jointly with Elie Metchnikoff ... [9 Related Articles]
- Ehrlich, Paul R
- American biologist and educator who in 1990 shared Sweden's Crafoord Prize (established in 1980 and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, to support those areas of science not ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ehrlichman, John D.
- assistant for domestic affairs during the administration of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon; he was best known for his participation in the Watergate scandal that led to Nixon's resignation. [2 Related Articles]
- Ehrling, Sixten
- Swedish conductor (b. April 3, 1918, Malmo, Swed.-d. Feb. 13, 2005, New York, N.Y.), directed orchestras with passion and precision; known for his high standards and fiery temper, Ehrling was ...
- Ehud
- in the Old Testament (Judges 3:12-4:1), son of Gera, the Benjaminite, Israelite hero who delivered Israel from 18 years of oppression by the Moabites. A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, ...
- ei-raku
- (from the article "coin") ...coins began to circulate along with locally minted imitations. In 1624 the copper kwan-ei was first issued and remained in vast variety the usual issue for more than two centuries. ...
- Eibar
- city, Guipuzcoa provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Basque Country, northern Spain, lying east of Bilbao on the Bilbao-San Sebastian railway. ...
- Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenaus
- (from the article "motivation") ...conducted by ethologists has been on nonhuman animals, some ethological researchers have applied the same kinds of analyses to human behaviour. Prominent among these is the Austrian ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt. ...
- Eichelberger, Robert L
- U.S. Army general who during World War II retrieved strategic Japanese-held islands in the Pacific, thus helping end the war in the Far East.
- Eichendorff, Joseph, Freiherr von (baron of)
- poet and novelist, considered one of the great German Romantic lyricists.
- Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried
- German biblical scholar and orientalist who taught at Jena and Gottingen, one of the first commentators to make a scientific comparison between the biblical books and other Semitic writings. A ... [3 Related Articles]
- Eichler, August Wilhelm
- German botanist who developed one of the first widely used natural systems of plant classification.
- Eichmann, Adolf
- German high official who was hanged by the state of Israel for his part in the Holocaust, the Nazi extermination of Jews during World War II. [6 Related Articles]
- Eichrodt, Walther
- German scholar who showed the importance to biblical studies of an understanding of the theology of the Old Testament.
- eicosanoid
- (from the article "lipid") Three types of locally acting signaling molecules are derived biosynthetically from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, principally arachidonic acid. Twenty-carbon fatty acids are all known collectively as eicosanoic acids. The three ...
- eicosapentaenoic acid
- (from the article "Common fatty acids in foods") ...or more. However, fish oil, unlike the fat in land animals, is rich in essential long-chain fatty acids and is regarded as nutritionally advantageous. Large amounts of one of the ...
- eider
- any of several large sea ducks variously classified as members of the tribe Mergini or placed in a separate tribe Somateriini (family Anatidae, order Anseriformes). Eiders are heavy and round-bodied, ...
- Eider Program
- (1848-64), the domestic and foreign policy cornerstone of Denmark's National Liberal governments during the Schleswig-Holstein crises. The program, which called for the incorporation of the duchy of Schleswig into Denmark, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eider River
- river, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. It rises in the hills south of Kiel, flows through Westensee (West Lake) northward to a point northwest of Kiel, and then bends westward ...
- eiderdown
- (from the article "poultry") ...from China, is the most widely used because it is meaty, fast growing, and prodigious in egg production. Duck feathers are also of some value, though they have been largely ...
- Eidesgaard, Joannes
- (from the article "Dependent States") ...(8) in the 32-seat Lagting (parliament), on February 3 the Union, Social Democratic, and People's parties-each with 7 seats-formed a broad-based coalition, with Social Democrat leader Joannes Eidesgaard as prime ...
- eidetic image
- an unusually vivid subjective visual phenomenon. An eidetic person claims to continue to "see" an object that is no longer objectively present. Eidetic persons behave as if they are actually ... [1 Related Articles]
- eidetic reduction
- in phenomenology, a method by which the philosopher moves from the consciousness of individual and concrete objects to the transempirical realm of pure essences and thus achieves an intuition of ... [2 Related Articles]
- eidgenossen
- (from the article "Morgarten, Battle of") ...of Brunnen, Dec. 9, 1315). It was one of the first victories by dismounted commoners over armoured knights in many years and marked the beginning of the rise of the ...
- Eidguenots
- (from the article "Berthelier, Philibert") political martyr and leader of the Genevese anti-Savoyard faction (Eidguenots) that struggled against the powerful duke of Savoy, Charles III, to maintain the independence of Geneva.
- Eidophusikon
- (from the article "Loutherbourg, Philip James de") ...to have introduced scrims (gauzes that appear solid or transparent depending on the direction of light) and three-dimensional scenery. He also experimented with coloured media for lighting. His Eidophusikon, a ...
- Eidsvoll constitution of 1814
- (from the article "Norway") The Eidsvoll constitution of 1814 gave the Storting greater authority than parliamentary bodies had in any other country except the United States. The king retained executive power and chose his ...
- Eielsen, Elling
- (from the article "Protestantism") ...to a staunch confessionalism that left little room for conventional Pietism. The Norwegians, who also arrived in 1839, were almost entirely of the Haugean persuasion, and one of their first ...
- Eielson, C. B.
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...in aircraft, aerial cameras, radios, and motor transport were adapted for polar operation. On Nov. 16, 1928, the first heavier-than-air flight in Antarctica was made by the Alaskan bush pilot ...
- Eiermann, Egon
- one of the most prominent German architects to emerge after World War II, whose wide variety of buildings have been admired for their elegant proportions, precise detail, and structural clarity.
- Eifel
- plateau region of western Germany, lying between the Rhine, the Mosel (French: Moselle), and the Luxembourg and Belgian frontiers. Continuous with the Ardennes and the Hohes Venn (French: Haute Fagnes) ... [3 Related Articles]
- Eifelian Stage
- lowermost of the two standard worldwide divisions of Middle Devonian rocks and time. Eifelian time spans the interval between 397.5 million and 391.8 million years ago. The name of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eiffel Tower
- Parisian landmark that is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, ... [5 Related Articles]
- Eiffel, Gustave
- French civil engineer renowned for the tower in Paris that bears his name. [6 Related Articles]
- Eifman, Boris
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...of her greatest roles in an unusual contemporary setting. Former Mariinsky principal dancer Faroukh Ruzimatov was appointed director of the ballet company of the Mussorgsky Theatre, St. Petersburg. Boris Eifman ...
- Eigen, Manfred
- German physicist who was corecipient, with R.G.W. Norrish and George Porter, of the 1967 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for work on extremely rapid chemical reactions. [4 Related Articles]
- eigenfunction
- (from the article "Sturm-Liouville problem") ...endpoints of the interval over which the variable x ranges. If the functions p, q, and r satisfy suitable conditions, the equation will have a family of solutions, called eigenfunctions, ...
- eigenvalue
- one of a set of discrete values of a parameter, k, in an equation of the form Ppsi = kpsi, in which P is a linear operator (that is, a symbol denoting ...
- eigenvector
- (from the article "algebra, linear") When studying linear transformations, it is extremely useful to find nonzero vectors whose direction is left unchanged by the transformation. These are called eigenvectors (also known as characteristic vectors). If ...
- Eiger
- (from the article "Switzerland") The impact of global warming on the country's trademark mountains was tangible in the hot summer months. About 600,000 cu m (20 million cu ft) of rock fell from the ...
- eight ball
- popular American pocket-billiards game in which 15 balls numbered consecutively and a white cue ball are used. Those numbered 1-7 are solid colours; 9-15 are white with a single thick ...
- Eight Banners
- (from the article "Abahai") ...states of the Manchu. With the increased monetary and food supplies available from Korea and with the additional manpower and horses from the Mongols, he perfected the military machine known ...
- Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou
- Chinese painters who worked in the area of Yangzhou, in Jiangsu province, during the Qianlong era (1735-96) of the Qing dynasty. The group includes Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Gao Xiang, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eight Gorges
- (from the article "Hopeh") ...separating the Hopeh Plain from the Shansi Plateau, its highest peak rising more than 9,000 feet. The range is pierced by a number of west-east streams whose narrow valleys (the ...
- Eight Masters of Nanjing
- group of Chinese artists who lived and worked during the late 17th century in Nanjing (known as Jinling during the early Tang dynasty, c. 7th century). Although their group identity ... [2 Related Articles]
- Eight Saints, War of the
- (1375-78), conflict between Pope Gregory XI and an Italian coalition headed by Florence, which resulted in the return of the papacy from Avignon to Rome. In 1375, provoked by the ...
- eight sound
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") The Chinese talent for musical organization was by no means limited to pitches. Another important ancient system called the eight sounds (pa yin) was used to classify the many kinds ...
- Eight Trigrams Society
- (from the article "Boxer Rebellion") ...("Righteous and Harmonious Fists"). The group practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable. It was thought to be an offshoot of the Eight ...
- Eight, Group of
- intergovernmental organization that originated in 1975 through informal summit meetings of the leaders of the world's leading industrialized countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy, Canada, ... [23 Related Articles]
- Eight, The
- group of American painters who exhibited together only once, in New York City in 1908, but who established one of the main currents in 20th-century American painting. The original Eight ... [4 Related Articles]
- eighteen schools
- the division of the Buddhist community in India in the first three centuries following the death of the Buddha in c. 483 BC. Although texts speak of the "18 schools," ...
- Eighteenth Amendment
- (from the article "Anti-Saloon League") ...its support from Protestant evangelical churches, and it lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages. After the adoption of the ...
- Eighteenth Dynasty
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") The 18th dynastyrole ofAkhenatonAkhenatonking of Egypt (1353-36 BC) of the 18th dynasty, who established a new monotheistic cult of Aton ...
- Eightfold Path
- in Buddhism, an early formulation of the path to enlightenment. The term appears in what is regarded as the first sermon of the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, known as ... [4 Related Articles]
- Eightfold Way
- classification of subatomic particles known as hadrons into groups on the basis of their symmetrical properties, the number of members of each group being 1, 8 (most frequently), 10, or ... [3 Related Articles]
- Eighth Amendment
- (from the article "Rights, Bill of") ...of the nature of the accusation, to be confronted with prosecution witnesses, and to have the assistance of counsel. Excessive bail or fines and cruel or unusual punishment are forbidden ...
- Eighth Route Army
- larger of the two major Chinese communist forces that fought the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. The Eighth Route Army also engaged in political and propaganda work, helping to increase ... [3 Related Articles]
- Eighty Mile Beach
- coastal edge of the arid, sedimentary Great Sandy Desert and the Canning Basin (qq.v.), northwestern Western Australia, bordering the Indian Ocean. Extending in a curve northeast from Cape Keraudren (east ...
- Eighty Years' War
- (1568-1648), the war of Netherlands independence from Spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands ... [9 Related Articles]
- eighty-eight
- (from the article "hanafuda") ...When each month is tallied, bonus points are given for varying combinations of tanzaku and high-point cards. In the more-complicated and widely played game eighty-eight, players try ...
- Eigtved, Nicolai
- (from the article "Amalienborg") ...during the reign (1746-66) of King Frederick V and comprising four mansions and the octagonal courtyard surrounded by them. The complex was designed and constructed by the Danish architect Nicolai ...
- Eijkman, Christiaan
- Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins, he was awarded the 1929 Nobel ... [2 Related Articles]
- Eileithyia
- pre-Hellenic goddess of childbirth, who hindered or facilitated the process according to her disposition. She is mentioned in several Linear B tablets from ancient Crete. The next earliest evidence for ... [2 Related Articles]
- Eilenberg, Samuel
- (from the article "Mac Lane, Saunders") About 1940 Mac Lane made some purely algebraic calculations in group theory, and the Polish American mathematician Samuel Eilenberg noticed that they applied to the topology of infinitely coiled curves ...
- Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms
- (from the article "mathematics") Bourbaki was a key figure in the rethinking of structural mathematics. Algebraic topology was axiomatized by Samuel Eilenberg, a Polish-born American mathematician and Bourbaki member, and the American mathematician Norman ...
- Eilhart Von Oberg
- German poet important in the history of the court epic and the development of the Tristan and Isolde story in Romance literature. Eilhart was a member of a Brunswick family ... [1 Related Articles]
- Eimeria
- genus of parasitic protozoans of the spore-producing phylum Apicomplexa (previously Sporozoa). Eimeria, which causes coccidiosis in livestock and wild animals, infects mainly the cells of the digestive tract, although it ...
- Eimert, Herbert
- (from the article "electronic music") The second event of significance was the formation of an electronic music studio in Cologne by Herbert Eimert, a composer working for Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (now Westdeutscher Rundfunk), who was advised ...
- Einaudi
- (from the article "Pavese, Cesare") A founder and, until his death, an editor of the publishing house of Einaudi, Pavese also edited the anti-Fascist review La Cultura. His work led to his arrest and imprisonment ...
- Einaudi, Luigi
- Italian economist and statesman, the first president (1948-55) of the Republic of Italy. [1 Related Articles]
- Eindhoven
- gemeente (municipality), southern Netherlands. It lies along the Dommel River, 68 miles (109 km) southeast of Rotterdam. [1 Related Articles]
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