| | - debt cancellation
- (from the article "Costa Rica") ...trade and economic cooperation, meanwhile breaking off 60 years of formal ties with Taiwan. Economic growth remained strong, hovering near 7%. The U.S. canceled $12.6 million of Costa Rica's debt ...
- debt limit
- (from the article "government budget") Efforts have been made in some countries to set restrictions on government borrowing through legislative acts. In the United States, fear of excessive borrowing has resulted in restrictions on the ...
- debt-for-nature swap
- (from the article "WWF") ...habitat for the world's peoples, both urban and rural, including clean water, clean air, healthful food, and rewarding recreation areas. Among the WWF's notable achievements is its use of debt-for-nature ...
- debtera
- (from the article "Ethiopian chant") ...to a chanter named Yared, who composed the entire body of hymns (since revised) that is found in the six books of chants. The first known manuscripts, however, date to ...
- debtor
- (from the article "debtor and creditor") relationship existing between two persons in which one, the debtor, can be compelled to furnish services, money, or goods to the other, the creditor. This relationship may be created by ...
- debtor and creditor
- relationship existing between two persons in which one, the debtor, can be compelled to furnish services, money, or goods to the other, the creditor. This relationship may be created by ...
- Debucourt, Philibert-Louis
- (from the article "caricature and cartoon") The French painter and engraver Philibert-Louis Debucourt might have equalled Rowlandson if he had not been so occupied with the intricacies of colour prints; but he produced a few superb ...
- debugging
- (from the article "computer program") ...translators (either assemblers or compilers), which transform an entire program from one language to another; interpreters, which execute a program sequentially, translating at each step; and debuggers, which execute a ...
- Debundscha Point
- (from the article "Cameroon") ...from December to May. The north, however, has a dry season only from October to May and an average annual rainfall of about 30 inches. The wettest part of the ...
- Deburau, Jean-Gaspard
- Bohemian-born French pantomime actor, who transformed the character of Pierrot in the traditional harlequinade. [3 Related Articles]
- DeBusschere, David Albert
- American basketball player (b. Oct. 16, 1940, Detroit, Mich. -d. May 14, 2003, New York, N.Y.), became the youngest coach in National Basketball Association (NBA) history when at age 24 ...
- Debussy, Claude
- French composer whose works have been a seminal force in the music of the 20th century. He developed a highly original system of harmony and musical structure that expressed in ... [14 Related Articles]
- Deby, Idriss
- (from the article "Chad") Area: 1,284,000 sq km (495,755 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 10,239,000, excluding nearly 250,000 refugees from The Sudan | Capital: N'Djamena | Chief of state: President Lieut. Gen. Idriss ...
- debye
- (from the article "liquid") ...at one end of a molecule is of the order of 10-10 esu; the distance between charges is of the order of 10-8 centimetres (cm). Dipole moments, therefore, usually are ...
- debye length
- (from the article "plasma") The time tau required for an oscillation of this type is the most important temporal parameter in a plasma. The main spatial parameter is the Debye length, h, which is ...
- Debye, Peter
- physical chemist whose investigations of dipole moments, X rays, and light scattering in gases brought him the 1936 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. [2 Related Articles]
- Debye-Huckel equation
- a mathematical expression derived to elucidate certain properties of solutions of electrolytes, that is, substances present in the solutions in the form of charged particles (ions). Such solutions often behave ... [1 Related Articles]
- Debye-Scherrer method
- (from the article "Scherrer, Paul") Swiss physicist who collaborated with Peter Debye in the development of a method of X-ray diffraction analysis. The Debye-Scherrer method is widely used to identify materials that do not readily ...
- decabromodiphenyl ether
- (from the article "The Environment") Disagreement was anticipated over the risks from brominated flame retardants such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) that might be included in the second phase. These substances entered the ...
- decacarbonyldimanganese
- (from the article "organometallic compound") Many other metal carbonyls contain two or more metal atoms, such as decacarbonyldimanganese and octacarbonyldicobalt, shown here.
- decadal climate variation
- (from the article "climate change") Climate varies on decadal timescales, with multiyear clusters of wet, dry, cool, or warm conditions. These multiyear clusters can have dramatic effects on human activities and welfare. For instance, a ...
- decade
- (from the article "calendar") The seven-day week was abandoned, and each 30-day month was divided into three periods of 10 days called decades, the last day of a
- Decade for Education for Sustainable Development
- (from the article "United Nations") ...by 2015. As in the past, the situation in sub-Saharan Africa was particularly dire. The international community remained hopeful, however, as the UN Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (DESD; ...
- decadence
- a period of decline or deterioration of art or literature that follows an era of great achievement. Examples include the Silver Age of Latin literature, which began about AD 18 ...
- Decadent
- any of several poets or other writers of the end of the 19th century, including the French Symbolist poets in particular and their contemporaries in England, the later generation of ... [6 Related Articles]
- Decadentism
- Italian artistic movement that derived its name but not all its characteristics from the French and English Decadents, who flourished in the last 10 years of the 19th century. Writers ...
- decadrachm
- (from the article "coin") In Sicily the defeat of Carthage in 480 BC may have been commemorated by the famous decadrachms (Demareteia) associated with Queen Demarete, wife of King Gelon. These superb and now ...
- decaffeination
- (from the article "coffee") Caffeine can be removed from the green coffee by a variety of methods. In the most common, solvent extraction, the beans are steamed to raise the moisture content and bring ...
- Decaisne, Joseph
- (from the article "Thuret, Gustave-Adolphe") After receiving a law degree in 1838, Thuret began to study botany under Joseph Decaisne. He became interested in the history and behaviour of the marine algae and in about ...
- decal
- design that is printed on specially prepared paper to form a film that can be transferred to any surface. Such films are widely used for decorating and labeling any objects ... [2 Related Articles]
- decametre radiation
- (from the article "Jupiter") The intermittent radio emission at the decametre wavelengths has been studied from Earth in the accessible range of 3.5-39.5 megahertz. Free of Earth's ionosphere, which blocks lower frequencies from reaching ...
- Decamps, Alexandre
- one of the first French painters of the 19th century to turn from Neoclassicism to Romanticism. [1 Related Articles]
- decan
- (from the article "astronomical map") Two other astronomical reference systems developed independently in early antiquity, the lunar mansions and the Egyptian decans. The decans are 36 star configurations circling the sky somewhat to the south ...
- Decani Monastery
- (from the article "Kosovo") ...lay at the heart of the Serbian empire under the Nemanjic dynasty. Between the mid-12th and the mid-14th century the region was richly endowed with Eastern Orthodox monuments, such as ...
- decanting problem
- (from the article "number game") ...those involving the manipulation of objects, and those requiring computation. The first required little or no mathematical skill, merely general intelligence and ingenuity, as for example, so-called decanting and difficult ...
- decapod
- (order Decapoda), any of more than 8,000 species of crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda) that include shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, hermit crabs, and crabs. [7 Related Articles]
- Decapolis
- league of 10 ancient Greek cities in eastern Palestine that was formed after the Roman conquest of Palestine in 63 BC, when Pompey the Great reorganized the Middle East to ... [1 Related Articles]
- DeCarava, Roy
- American photographer whose images of African Americans chronicle subjects such as daily life in Harlem, the civil rights movement, and jazz musicians. [1 Related Articles]
- decarburization
- (from the article "molybdenum processing") Ferromolybdenum can be produced by either a metallothermic process or a carbon-reduction process in electric furnaces. Because the latter process has the inherent disadvantage of introducing a high carbon content ...
- decathlon
- athletic competition lasting two consecutive days in which contestants take part in 10 track-and-field events. It was introduced as a three-day event at the Olympic Games in 1912. Decathlon events ... [1 Related Articles]
- decating
- (from the article "textile") Decating is a process applied to woollens and worsteds, man-made and blended fibre fabrics, and various types of knits. It involves the application of heat and pressure to set or ...
- Decatur
- city, seat (1891) of Morgan county, northern Alabama, U.S. It lies along the Tennessee River about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Huntsville. Andrew Jackson gave land grants in the ...
- Decatur
- city, seat (1829) of Macon county, central Illinois, U.S. It lies along a bend in the Sangamon River (there dammed to form Lake Decatur), about halfway between Springfield and Champaign. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decatur
- city, seat (1823) of DeKalb county, northwestern Georgia, U.S. It is an eastern suburb of Atlanta. Named for Stephen Decatur, the American naval hero of the War of 1812, it ...
- Decatur, Stephen
- U.S. naval officer who held important commands in the War of 1812. Replying to a toast after returning from successful engagements abroad (1815), he replied with the famous words: "Our ... [1 Related Articles]
- decay constant
- proportionality between the size of a population of radioactive atoms and the rate at which the population decreases because of radioactive decay. Suppose N is the size of a population ... [2 Related Articles]
- decay rate
- (from the article "radioactivity") ...decompose spontaneously, or decay, into a more stable configuration but will do so only in a few specific ways by emitting certain particles or certain forms of electromagnetic energy. Radioactive ...
- decay time
- (from the article "radiation measurement") The excited species have a characteristic mean lifetime, and their population decays exponentially. The decay time determines the rate at which the light is emitted following the excitation and is ...
- decay transient
- (from the article "sound") ...factors that affect their tone quality and by which their tones can be distinguished. Attack transients, such as the way in which a string is bowed, a trumpet tongued, or ...
- Decazes, Elie, Duke, Duke Af Glucksberg
- French political figure and leader of the moderate constitutional monarchists during the Bourbon Restoration. [2 Related Articles]
- Decca
- (from the article "commercial fishing") Other instruments have become vital to fishing operations, especially radio- and satellite-transmitted position-fixing equipment such as Decca Navigator, Loran, and Satnav. These enable a skipper to return to the precise ...
- Decca Records
- (from the article "Decca Records") Formed as an American division by its British parent company in 1934, Decca was the only major company to stand by its black roster during the 1940s, although most of ...
- Deccan
- the entire southern peninsula of India south of the Narmada River, marked centrally by a high triangular tableland. The name derives from the Sanskrit daksina ("south"). The plateau is bounded ... [13 Related Articles]
- Deccan Education Society
- (from the article "Tilak, Bal Gangadhar") ...then decided to teach mathematics in a private school in Pune (Poona), which was to become the centre of his political career. He developed the school into a university college ...
- Deccan style
- (from the article "India") ...style-with its commanding gopuras (gateways)-can be seen in the Rajarajeshvara and the Gangaikondacolapuram temples. The Deccani style, vasara, tended to be an intermixture of ...
- Deccani painting
- style of miniature painting that flourished from the late 16th century among the Deccani sultanates in peninsular India. The style is a sensitive, highly integrated blend of indigenous and foreign ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decebalus
- king of the Dacians, a people who lived in the territory known presently as Romania. [3 Related Articles]
- deceit
- (from the article "white-collar crime") Although white-collar crimes are quite varied, most have several characteristics in common. First, they involve the use of deceit and concealment, rather than the application of force or violence, for ...
- Decelea
- (from the article "Alcibiades") ...the journey home he escaped and, learning that he had been condemned in absentia to death, went to Sparta. There he advised the Spartans to send a general to help ...
- deceleration injury
- impact injury to a body within or upon a rapidly moving object caused by the forces exerted when the object is brought to a sudden halt. Deceleration injury can occur ...
- December
- twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar. Its name is derived from decem, Latin for "ten," indicating its position in the early Roman calendar.
- December constitution
- (from the article "Austria") ...with the Hungarians, the German liberals were allowed to amend the 1861 constitution known as the February Patent; the Fundamental Laws, which were adopted in December 1867 and became known ...
- Decembrist
- any of the Russian revolutionaries who led an unsuccessful uprising on Dec. 14 (Dec. 26, New Style), 1825, and through their martyrdom provided a source of inspiration to succeeding generations ... [15 Related Articles]
- decemviri
- (Latin: "ten men"), in ancient Rome, any official commission of 10. The designation is most often used in reference to decemviri legibus scribundis, a temporary legislative commission that supplanted the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Decency, Legion of
- (from the article "motion picture, history of the") An important aspect of the studio system was the Production Code, which was implemented in 1934 in response to pressure from the Legion of Decency and public protest against the ...
- decentralization
- (from the article "Nikolais, Alwin") ...depersonalizing his dancers, they were relieved of their own forms and, hence, allowed to identify with whatever they portrayed. Nikolais was also noted for advancing the related concept of "decentralization," ...
- Deception Bay
- bay and resort town, southeastern Queensland, Australia. In 1823 the explorer John Oxley named the local stream the Deception River (now called the Caboolture River), because of the numerous shoals ...
- Deception Island
- one of the South Shetland Islands, in the Drake Passage, off the Antarctic Peninsula. It is a sunken volcano, the crater of which, about 10 miles (16 km) in diameter, ... [2 Related Articles]
- deceptive cadence
- (from the article "cadence") A deceptive cadence begins with V, like an authentic cadence, except that it does not end on the tonic. Often the triad built on the sixth degree (VI, the submediant) ...
- deceptive coloration
- (from the article "coloration") Deceptive coloration depends on four factors: the coloured organism, hereafter referred to as the organism; its model, which may be the background against which it is concealed; the spectral quality ...
- Decet Romanum pontificem
- (from the article "Luther, Martin") The ensuing bull of excommunication, Decet Romanum pontificem ("It Pleases the Roman Pontiff"), was published on Jan. 3, 1521. Martin Luther was formally declared a heretic. Ordinarily, ...
- Dechelette, Joseph
- French archaeologist and author of an important work covering the entire field of the prehistory of France, Le Manuel d'archeologie prehistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine (1908-14; "Textbook of Prehistoric, Celtic, and ...
- decibar
- (from the article "ocean") ...the effect of pressure on the density of seawater at 35000 and 0° C (Table 6). Because a one-metre column of seawater produces a pressure of about one decibar (0.1 ...
- decibel
- (dB), unit for expressing the ratio between two amounts of electric or acoustic power or for measuring the relative loudness of sounds. One decibel (0.1 bel) equals 10 times the ... [7 Related Articles]
- decidability
- (from the article "metalogic") ...concept of a formal axiomatic system, because it is no longer necessary to leave "mechanical" as a vague nonmathematical concept. In this way, too, they have arrived at sharp concepts ...
- decidua basalis
- (from the article "pregnancy") The layer of endometrium closest to the encroaching conceptus forms, with remnants of the invading syncytio-trophoblast, a thin plate of cells known as the decidua basalis, the maternal component of ...
- deciduate placenta
- (from the article "mammal") ...of the uterus. The resulting complex of embryonic and maternal tissues is a true placenta. The uterine lining may be shed with the fetal membranes as "afterbirth" (a condition called ...
- deciduous forest
- vegetation composed primarily of broad-leaved trees that shed all their leaves during one season. Deciduous forest is found in three middle-latitude regions with a temperate climate characterized by a winter ... [3 Related Articles]
- deciduous plant
- (from the article "scrubland") The dominant shrubs may be deciduous, losing their leaves for significant periods of time when moisture is in short supply; if they are evergreen their leaves are small and tough ...
- deciduous tree
- (from the article "plant development") In the temperate zone, some time before winter begins, growth ceases in the shoots of woody plants, resting buds are formed, and deciduous trees lose their leaves. The resting bud ...
- decimal fraction
- (from the article "Stevin, Simon") In 1585 Stevin published a small pamphlet, La Thiende ("The Tenth"), in which he presented an elementary and thorough account of decimal fractions and their daily use. Although he did ...
- decimal number system
- in mathematics, positional numeral system employing 10 as the base and requiring 10 different numerals, the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. It also requires ... [10 Related Articles]
- decimetre radiation
- (from the article "Jupiter") ...that Jupiter is also a source of steady radio emission. It has become customary to refer to these two types of emission in terms of their characteristic wavelengths-decametre radiation and ...
- Decin
- city, northwestern Czech Republic, in the gorge of the Elbe (Labe) River and near the German border. Dominated by its 18th-century castle on a 165-foot (50-metre) crag, it is the ...
- decision
- (from the article "boxing") ...physician) to be unable to defend himself properly, when a boxer is deemed to have sustained a serious injury, or when a boxer or his seconds decide he should not ...
- decision lag
- (from the article "government economic policy") The decision lag is the period between the time when the need for action is recognized and the time when action is taken. Although the recognition lag is presumably of ...
- decision making
- (from the article "thought") ...the ability to discriminate discrete objects or items of information (e.g., distinguishing a lion from a tiger). The outcome is a judgment, and accordingly the process may be called decision ...
- decision problem
- for a class of questions in mathematics and formal logic, the problem of finding, after choosing any question of the class, an algorithm or repetitive procedure that will yield a ... [5 Related Articles]
- decision strategy
- (from the article "statistics") ...the new product. A decision tree is a graphical device that is helpful in structuring and analyzing such problems. With the aid of decision trees, an optimal decision strategy can ...
- decision theory
- in statistics, a set of quantitative methods for reaching optimal decisions. A solvable decision problem must be capable of being tightly formulated in terms of initial conditions and choices or ... [5 Related Articles]
- decision tree
- (from the article "statistics") ...will then decide whether or not to proceed with further test marketing; after analyzing the results of the test marketing, company executives will decide whether or not to produce the ...
- decision-support system
- (from the article "information system") All information systems support decision making, however indirectly, but decision support systems are expressly designed for this purpose. The two principal varieties of decision support systems are model-driven and data-driven.operations ...
- Decius
- Roman emperor (249-251) who fought the Gothic invasion of Moesia and instituted the first organized persecution of Christians throughout the empire. [6 Related Articles]
- deck
- (from the article "playing card") The most successful and universally recognized deck of cards is that based on a complement of 52, divided into four suits, each containing 13 ranks, so that each card is ...
- deck
- (from the article "dock") ...over the water, usually at right angles to the shoreline. Vessels can be moored to the pier, which serves as a transfer platform for cargo and passengers. A pier is ...
- deck
- (from the article "ship") ...desired course of the ship and the present wind direction, the square sail must be twisted on the mast to present an edge to the wind. Among other things this ...
- deck beam
- (from the article "ship") The traditional ship hull structure consists of a keel, transverse frames, and cross-ship deck beams that join the frame ends-all supporting a relatively thin shell of deck, sides, and bottom. ...
- deck chair
- (from the article "Klint, Kaare") ...he did not advocate modernity for its own sake. He made painstaking studies in drawing of human requirements and functions, balancing a beautiful appearance with a fulfillment of purpose. His ...
- deck department
- (from the article "ship") As powered ships developed in the 19th century, their crews evolved into three distinct groups: (1) the deck department, which steered, kept lookout, handled lines in docking and undocking, and ...
- deck tennis
- game for two or four players, designed for the limited space aboard ship and also played as a garden game. It combines lawn tennis and quoits. A rubber ring, or ...
- Decken, Karl Klaus von der
- German explorer in eastern Africa and the first European to attempt to scale Mount Kilimanjaro. [1 Related Articles]
|
|
