| | - California Indian
- member of any of the Native American peoples who have traditionally resided in the area roughly corresponding to the present states of California (U.S.) and northern Baja California (Mex.). [10 Related Articles]
- California Institute of Technology
- private coeducational university and research institute in Pasadena, California, U.S., emphasizing graduate and undergraduate instruction and research in pure and applied science and engineering. The institute comprises six divisions: biology; ... [3 Related Articles]
- California Institute of the Arts
- private coeducational institution of higher learning in Valencia, California, U.S., dedicated to the visual and performing arts. It consists of six schools: art, critical studies, dance, film/video, music, and theatre. ...
- California king snake
- (from the article "king snake") ...seven subspecies) is found throughout the United States and northern Mexico. It is variable in pattern and may be black or dark brown, with yellow or white stripes, rings, crossbars, ...
- California laurel
- aromatic evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae). It occurs on the Pacific coast of North America from Oregon to California and grows about 15 to 25 metres (50 to ...
- California live oak
- (from the article "live oak") California live oak (Q. agrifolia) and interior live oak (Q. wislizenii), native to western North America, have holly-like leaves. They are usually shrubby but may reach 15 to 25 m ...
- California Microwave Systems
- (from the article "Outsourcing War-The Surge in Private Military Firms") ...responsibility for the safety of PMF employees working in war zones is undefined. The families of four employees who were killed in Colombia in 2003 when two surveillance aircraft crashed ...
- California Missions
- (from the article "Serra, Junipero, Blessed") ...of Alta California (present-day California), Serra joined the expedition's commander, Gaspar de Portola. On July 16, 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first within the present state of California. ...
- California mussel
- (from the article "Representative animals poisonous when eaten") The starfish Pisaster ochraceus is a keystone species in the rocky marine intertidal communities off the northwest coast of North America. This predatory starfish feeds on the mussel Mytilus californianus ...
- California nutmeg
- (Torreya californica), an ornamental evergreen tree of the yew family (Taxaceae), found naturally only in California. Growing to a height of 24 m (about 79 feet) or more, the tree ...
- California Packing Corporation
- (from the article "Del Monte Foods") ...and, in 1899, 11 of the state's biggest canners merged under the name California Fruit Canners Association. In 1916 CFCA drew in two more canners and a food brokerage house, ...
- California poppy
- (Eschscholzia californica), annual garden plant of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has become naturalized in parts of southern Europe, Asia, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- California privet
- (from the article "privet") ...It has 25-centimetre (10-inch) flower clusters in summer. Japanese privet (L. japonicum), about 4.7 m tall, has very glossy leaves. It also requires mild winters, as does the smaller leaved ...
- California Psychological Inventory
- (from the article "personality assessment") ...a number of important problems confronting those who attempt to assess personality characteristics. Many other omnibus personality inventories are also used in applied settings and in research. The California Psychological ...
- California quail
- (from the article "quail") ...to Guatemala. Its name is suggestive of its call. Other than the bobwhite, North American quail include two important game birds introduced widely elsewhere: the California, or valley, quail (Callipepla ...
- California School of Fine Arts
- (from the article "Adams, Ansel") ...photography as a fine art. In 1940 he helped found the first curatorial department devoted to photography as an art form at the Museum of Modern Art in New York ...
- California scrub oak
- (from the article "scrub oak") ...as bear oak, native to the eastern United States. It is an intricately branched ornamental shrub, about 6 m (20 feet) tall, with hollylike leaves and many small, striped acorns. ...
- California sea lion
- (from the article "sea lion") The California sea lion, found along the coasts of California (including Baja California, Mexico), the Galapagos Islands, and Japan, is the trained seal commonly seen in animal acts and zoos. ...
- California State University
- extensive system of public institutions of higher education in California, U.S., one of the largest such systems in the country. It has campuses at Bakersfield, Channel Islands (at Camarillo), Chico, ...
- California State Water Project
- (from the article "California") ...balance. The Colorado River Aqueduct at the Arizona border carries water from that river across the southern California desert and mountains to serve the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The California ...
- California sycamore
- (from the article "plane tree") ...characteristics of both in varying degrees. It is a little shorter and more squat than the American tree and usually has bristly, paired seedballs. There are variegated forms of London ...
- California University of Pennsylvania
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in California, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is one of 14 universities in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. The university is composed of colleges ...
- California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians
- (from the article "Native American") ...legal challenges over the next decade, principally suits in which plaintiffs argued that state regulations regarding gaming should obtain on tribal land. The issue was decided in CaliforniaCabazon Band of ...
- California white oak
- (from the article "white oak") The shrubby Gambel oak (Q. gambelii) may reach 4.5 m (15 feet) tall. The California white oak (Q. lobata), also called valley oak, is an ornamental and shade tree, often ...
- California, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of a white field (background) with a grizzly bear above the words "California Republic" and a red stripe; in the upper hoist corner is a single ...
- California, Gulf of
- large inlet of the eastern Pacific Ocean along the northwestern coast of Mexico. It is enclosed by the Mexican mainland to the east and by the mountainous peninsula of Baja ... [4 Related Articles]
- California, University of
- system of public universities in California, U.S., with campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz. The university traces its ... [13 Related Articles]
- californite
- (from the article "californite") jadelike variety of the mineral vesuvianite (q.v.).descriptionvesuvianite...cut as gemstones. Cut stones resemble diopsi
- californium
- synthetic chemical element of the actinoid series of the periodic table, atomic number 98. Not occurring in nature, californium (as the isotope californium-245) was discovered (1950) by Stanley G. Thompson, ... [1 Related Articles]
- californium-252
- (from the article "transuranium element") ...isotopes that are useful for chemical studies. Only the principal mode of decay is given, though in many cases other modes of decay also are exhibited by the isotope. In ...
- Caligula
- Roman emperor from 37 to 41, in succession to Tiberius, who effected the transfer of the last legion that had been under a senatorial proconsul (in Africa) to an imperial ... [11 Related Articles]
- Caliman
- (from the article "Carpathian Mountains") ...attain their highest altitude in the Rodna (Rodnei) Massif in Romania; they are built of crystalline rocks and reach a peak in Pietrosu (7,556 feet). To the south, extinct volcanoes ...
- Calinescu, Armand
- statesman who, as prime minister of Romania (March-September 1939), provided the major administrative inspiration and support for King Carol II's royal dictatorship.
- Calinescu, George
- (from the article "Romanian literature") The critic and prose writer George Calinescu wrote an important history of Romanian literature (1944), as well as valuable studies of Eminescu and other writers. Calinescu also wrote novels describing ...
- Calipari, Nicola
- (from the article "Italy") ...of the release of Giuliana Sgrena, an Italian woman journalist who had been kidnapped a month earlier in Iraq and taken hostage. Their relief vanished, however, when a news flash ...
- caliper
- measuring instrument that consists of two adjustable legs or jaws for measuring the dimensions of material parts. The calipers on the right side of the have an adjusting screw ... [1 Related Articles]
- caliper
- (from the article "papermaking") The caliper (thickness) of paper or paperboard in fractions of a millimetre or inch is measured by placing a single sheet under a steady pressure of 0.49 to 0.63 kilogram ...
- caliper brake
- (from the article "bicycle") ...levers to stirrups that pull pads of friction material against the inside of the rim. Front and rear brakes on other bikes are actuated by cables connected to a brake ...
- caliph
- ("successor"), ruler of the Muslim community. When Muhammad died (June 8, 632), Abu Bakr succeeded to his political and administrative functions as khalifah rasul Allah, or "successor of the Messenger ... [12 Related Articles]
- Caliphate
- the political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and peoples under its dominion in the centuries following the death (AD 632) of the Prophet Muhammad. Ruled by a ... [11 Related Articles]
- Calipso
- (from the article "Physical Sciences") Two environmental satellites, CloudSat and Calipso (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation), were launched together from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, into polar orbit on April 28. CloudSat carried ...
- Calisher, Hortense
- American writer of novels, novellas, and short stories, known for the elegant style and insightful rendering of characters in her often semiautobiographical short fiction, much of which was published originally ...
- calisthenics
- free body exercises performed with varying degrees of intensity and rhythm, which may or may not be done with light handheld apparatuses such as rings and wands. The exercises employ ... [1 Related Articles]
- Calistoga
- city, Napa county, western California, U.S. Located just northeast of Santa Rosa, Calistoga lies near the head of Napa Valley, 80 miles (130 km) north of San Francisco. Located in ...
- calit bhasa
- (from the article "Bengali language") ...West Bengal. Two Bengali dialects are significant: Sadhu-Bhasa, the literary language, which has a vocabulary with many Sanskrit words and is unintelligible to the uneducated; and Calit-Bhasa, the colloquial speech, ...
- Calixtus (III)
- antipope from 1168 to 1178, who reigned with the support of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.
- Calixtus I, Saint
- pope from 217? to 222, during the schism of St. Hippolytus, the church's first antipope. Little was known about Calixtus before the discovery of Philosophumena by Hippolytus, a work that ... [4 Related Articles]
- Calixtus II
- pope from 1119 to 1124. [8 Related Articles]
- Calixtus III
- pope from 1455 to 1458. [4 Related Articles]
- Calixtus, George
- (from the article "Christianity") Efforts were undertaken in Germany and Central Europe as well. The German Lutheran George Calixtus called for a united church between Lutherans and Reformed based on the "simplified dogmas," such ...
- Calkins, Mary Whiton
- philosopher, psychologist, and educator, the first American woman to attain distinction in these fields of study.
- call and response
- (from the article "Native American music") The most distinctive style element of Eastern Woodlands music is the use of call and response in many dance songs; the leader sings a short melody as a solo and ...
- call money
- (from the article "money market") Important changes were introduced into the British monetary system in 1971, but money at call with the discount houses retained its role as a reserve asset. Such is the safety ...
- call number
- (from the article "library classification") ...enable patrons to find its materials quickly and easily. While cataloging provides information on the physical and topical nature of the book (or other item), classification, through assignment of a ...
- Call of Duty
- video game that brought new advances to first-person shooter play, winning numerous game of the year awards in 2003 and 2004 following its 2003 debut. Designed by the American company ...
- call option
- (from the article "stock option") contractual agreement enabling the holder to buy or sell a security at a designated price for a specified period of time, unaffected by movements in its market price during the ...
- Call to Australia Christian Party
- (from the article "New South Wales") ...The much smaller Australian Democrats sit in the upper house and with some Independents are able to reject government bills by joining with the main party in opposition. There is ...
- call-ace euchre
- (from the article "euchre") Cutthroat euchre is for three players: the maker plays alone against the other two. Call-ace euchre is a cutthroat variant for four to six players. In call-ace euchre, bidding rules ...
- call-number dialing
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") Call-number dialing
- calla
- either of two distinct kinds of plants of the arum family (Araceae). The genus Calla contains one species of aquatic wild plant, C. palustris, which is known as the arum ...
- calla lily
- (from the article "calla") ...contains one species of aquatic wild plant, C. palustris, which is known as the arum lily, water arum, or wild calla. As a common name calla is also generally given ...
- Callado, Antonio
- Brazilian novelist and leading journalist whose masterpiece, Quarup (1967), tells the story of an idealistic priest who undergoes a religious and political transformation in light of events in Brazil, notably ...
- Callaeidae
- songbird family, order Passeriformes, collectively called wattlebirds (a name also applied to certain honeyeaters). [1 Related Articles]
- Callaghan, James Callaghan, Baron
- British Labour Party politician, who was prime minister from 1976 to 1979. [3 Related Articles]
- Callaghan, Morley
- Canadian novelist and short-story writer.
- Callahan, Gene
- (from the article "1963: Other Winners") ...Screenplay: John Osborne for Tom JonesCinematography, Black-and-White: James Wong Howe for HudCinematography, Color: Leon Shamroy for CleopatraArt Direction, Black-and-White: Gene Callahan for America AmericaArt Direction, Color: Herman Blumenthal, Hilyard Brown, ...
- Callahan, Harry
- American photographer noted for his innovative photographs of commonplace objects and scenes. [2 Related Articles]
- Callander
- small burgh (town), Stirling council area, historic county of Perthshire, Scotland, on the River Teith. It is a tourist centre on an important entry point into the Highlands, near the ...
- Callanish Circle
- (from the article "Outer Hebrides") The Outer Hebrides have been inhabited for at least 4,000 years, and prehistoric remains are numerous, including the fine megalithic stone circle at Callanish (Lewis). Equal in importance to Stonehenge, ...
- Callanna group
- (from the article "Australia") ...succession crops out in the region of South Australia between Adelaide and the Flinders Ranges and contains an almost complete sedimentary record of the late Proterozoic. The early Adelaidean Callanna ...
- Callao
- city and principal commercial seaport of Peru, located within the 57-square-mile (147-square-kilometre) Callao constitutional provincia (province), directly west of Lima. The mostly urbanized area of the constitutional ... [1 Related Articles]
- Callas, Maria
- American-born Greek operatic soprano who revived classical coloratura roles in the mid-20th century with her lyrical and dramatic versatility.
- Callaway Gardens
- (from the article "LaGrange") ...mansion-one of the finest examples of Greek Revival architecture in the state and now a national landmark-are popular attractions. Warm Springs, Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park, and the Callaway Gardens ...
- Callaway, Ely Reeves
- American golf-equipment manufacturer (b. June 3, 1919, La Grange, Ga.-d. July 5, 2001, Rancho Santa Fe, Calif.), founded the Callaway Golf Co. in 1982; under his leadership the company became ...
- Callejas, Rafael Leonardo
- (from the article "Honduras") ...American democracy, but that image was tarnished in 1986 when another Liberal, Jose Azcona Hoyo, succeeded Suazo despite having received far fewer votes than the National Party candidate, Rafael Leonardo ...
- Callendar's Consolidated Spectacular Colored Minstrels
- (from the article "minstrel show") Minstrel troupes composed of black performers were formed after the Civil War. Some, like the Hicks and Sawyer Minstrels, had black owners and managers; some, including Callendar's Consolidated Spectacular Colored ...
- Callendar, H L
- British physicist who made notable contributions to thermometry, calorimetry, and knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of steam. Callendar in 1886 described a precise thermometer based on the electrical resistivity of ...
- Callender, James
- (from the article ""Tom and Sally": the Jefferson-Hemings paternity debate") The story has its origins in 1802, when a journalist of disreputable credentials, James Callender, published the initial accusation in The Richmond Recorder. Callender's motives were hardly pure. Jefferson had ...
- Calles, Plutarco Elias
- military and political leader who modernized the revolutionary armies and later became president of Mexico. He was the founder of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR; National Revolutionary Party), which became ... [3 Related Articles]
- Calleva Atrebatum
- (from the article "Silchester") ...in the northern part of the administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England, southwest of Reading. Near the small modern village is the deserted site of the important Roman-British town ...
- Calley, William
- (from the article "My Lai Massacre") ...few villagers survived. The incident was initially covered up by high-ranking army officers, but it was later made public by former soldiers. In the ensuing courts-martial, platoon leader Lieutenant William ...
- Calliactis
- (from the article "sea anemone") Sea anemones often live in close association with other organisms. The hermit crab Pagurus arrosor carries a single anemone of the genus Calliactis on the snail shell it uses as ...
- Callias
- diplomat and a notable member of one of the wealthiest families of ancient Athens.
- Callias
- Athenian ridiculed by the comic poets for his youthful extravagance; later in life he was a successful military commander and diplomat. The grandson of the Callias described above, he was ...
- Callias, Peace of
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") ...or of the troubles faced by their adversaries. Artaxerxes I faced several rebellions, the most important of which was that of Egypt in 459, not fully suppressed until 454. An ...
- Callicebus moloch
- (from the article "animal communication") ...display. Specialized touches with the hands are now suspected to be precopulatory signals in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Individuals of the South American monkey Callicebus moloch rest together in ...
- Callicles
- (from the article "Plato") ...men, it should be most of all serviceable to an offender, who would employ it to move the authorities to inflict the penalties for which the state of his soul ...
- Callicrates
- Athenian architect who designed the Temple of Athena Nike on the Athenian Acropolis and, with Ictinus, the Parthenon. [3 Related Articles]
- Callide Valley
- valley in eastern Queensland, Australia, a southeast-northwest corridor extending for 70 miles (110 km) west of the Calliope Range. Its principal settlement is Biloela. Cotton, grains, and dairy pastures are ...
- Callieres, Francois de
- French diplomat and author whose book De la maniere de negocier avec les souverains (1716; The Practice of Diplomacy) was considered a model introduction to the subject of diplomacy. [1 Related Articles]
- Calliergon
- (from the article "bryophyte") ...trees, killing the forest and replacing it with bog. Peatland can also develop on calcareous terrain through the growth of other mosses, including species of the genera Drepanocladus and Calliergon. ...
- calligraphy
- the art of beautiful handwriting. The term may derive from the Greek words for "beauty" (kallos) and "to write" (graphein). It implies a sure ... [56 Related Articles]
- Callimachus
- (from the article "Miltiades the Younger") ...A conflict then arose among the 10 Athenian generals over whether to wait or to attack the Persians immediately. The deciding vote was cast by the polemarchos (supreme military commander) ...
- Callimachus
- Greek poet and scholar, the most representative poet of the erudite and sophisticated Alexandrian school. [8 Related Articles]
- Callimachus
- Greek sculptor, perhaps an Athenian, reputed to have invented the Corinthian capital after witnessing acanthus leaves growing around a basket placed upon a young girl's tomb. [1 Related Articles]
- Callinectes sapidus
- (from the article "crab") ...are eaten by humans. The most important and valuable are the edible crab of the British and European coasts (Cancer pagurus; see photograph) and, in North America, the blue crab ...
- calling
- (from the article "hunting") Sitting up, usually in blinds, is the most popular method of hunting waterfowl, with or without calling. It is called flighting in Great Britain. Hunting by calling involves waiting in ...
- Callinicum, Battle of
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") ...by the Hephthalites in the east compelled him to ratify a peace treaty with the Byzantines. Toward the end of his reign, in 527, he resumed the war and defeated ...
- Callinicus Of Heliopolis
- architect who is credited with the invention of Greek fire, a highly incendiary liquid that was projected from "siphons" to enemy ships or troops and was almost impossible to extinguish.
- Callinus
- Greek elegiac poet, the few surviving fragments of whose work reflect the troubled period when Asia Minor was invaded by the Cimmerians, a race originating in what was later South ...
- Calliope
- in Greek mythology, according to Hesiod's Theogony, foremost of the nine Muses; she was later called the patron of epic poetry. At the behest of Zeus, the ... [1 Related Articles]
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