(from the article "plant development") ...free the sporophytic genes and thus permit the zygote to enter the sporophytic developmental pattern. Although it might be supposed that the "switch" is associated with the difference in chromosome ...
lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere, several thousand kilometres thick, above the bright photosphere and below the extremely tenuous corona. Named by the English astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer in 1868, ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "halogen element") The formation of chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2), a red gas, by heating a solid sample with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and concentrated sulfuric acid. When chromyl chloride is passed into water, a ...
(from the article "Meiningen Company") ...von Dinglelstedt in Weimar, the "Theatre Duke" sought to create a production style that unified the conception, interpretation, and execution of dramatic works. Assisted by the actor Ludwig Chronegk, who ...
(from the article "hepatitis") Most cases of chronic hepatitis are caused by the hepatitis viruses B, C, and D, but other factors such as alcoholism, reaction to certain medications, and autoimmune reactions lead to ...
(from the article "pericarditis") ...anti-inflammatory agents and prescribing rest. Acute pericarditis may result in the formation of scar tissue that contracts around the heart and interferes with its function. This condition, called chronic constrictive ...
(from the article "cystitis") Chronic cystitis, or interstitial cystitis, is a recurrent or persistent inflammation of the bladder. No causative virus or bacterium is known. The condition may possibly arise from an autoimmune disorder, ...
(from the article "headache") Chronic daily headaches have many of the same clinical features as episodic tension-type headaches but occur more often, sometimes on a daily basis. Their most common causes are depression, anxiety, ...
(from the article "bronchitis") ...chronic bronchitis, accounting for more than 90 percent of cases. Smoking-related chronic bronchitis often occurs in association with emphysema; the coexistence of these two conditions is known as chronic destructive ...
(from the article "bronchitis") ...attack by infectious, physical, or chemical agents, resulting usually in a relatively brief disease called acute bronchitis, or it can take the form of a long-standing, repetitive condition, called chronic ...
disorder characterized by persistent debilitating fatigue. There exist two specific criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of CFS: (1) severe fatigue lasting six months or longer and (2) ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Bright disease") Chronic glomerulonephritis usually follows the other two stages, if the affected person survives long enough, but it has been found in a few individuals who apparently have not had previous ...
a group of rare inherited diseases characterized by the inability of certain white blood cells called phagocytes to destroy invading microorganisms. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "pregnancy") ...Obstetricians and Gynecologists prepared the following classification system, which has been recommended by the National Institutes of Health Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: (1) chronic hypertension, (2) ...
(from the article "blood disease") Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) differs in many ways from other forms of leukemia. It occurs most often in people over 50 years of age, and its course usually is rather ...
(from the article "respiration, human") ...human highlanders are acclimatized rather than genetically adapted to the reduced oxygen pressure. After living many years at high altitude, some highlanders lose this acclimatization and develop chronic mountain sickness, ...
(from the article "blood disease") Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by the appearance in the blood of large numbers of immature white blood cells of the myelogenous series in the stage following the myeloblast, ...
(from the article "The Environment") ...to curb the insect that transmits the disease) cost 19 million DALYs. Road-traffic injuries (largely the result of poor urban design or poor design of transport systems) cost 15 million ...
(from the article "therapeutics") Acute pain serves a useful function as a protective mechanism that leads to the removal of the source of the pain, whether it be localized injury or infection. Chronic pain ...
the first book printed in Hungary, issued from the press of Andras Hess in Buda, now Budapest, on June 5, 1473. Hess, who was probably of German origin, dedicated the ...
a usually continuous historical account of events arranged in order of time without analysis or interpretation. Examples of such accounts date from Greek and Roman times, but the best-known chronicles ... [8 Related Articles]
two Old Testament books that were originally part of a larger work that included the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. These three (Ezra and Nehemiah were one book in the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Islamic arts") ...was also expected to use puns and to play with words of two or more meanings. He might write verses that could provide an intelligible meaning even when read backward. ...
(from the article "primitivism") an outlook on human affairs that sees history as a decline from an erstwhile condition of excellence (chronological primitivism) or holds that salvation lies in a return to the simple ...
(from the article "applied logic") ...whatsoever, the assertions P, Q, and R must (logically) be materially equivalent (i.e., have the same truth value). This illustration establishes the basic point-that the theory of chronological propositions must ...
(from the article "applied logic") ...some chronologically indefinite statement. Then, in general, another statement can be formed, asserting that p holds (obtains) at the time t. Correspondingly, let the statement-forming operation Rt be introduced. The ...
(from the article "applied logic") The statements "It sometimes rains in London," "It always rains in London," and "It is raining in London on Jan. 1, AD 3000," are all termed chronologically definite, in that ...
(from the article "applied logic") ...assertion. By contrast, the statements "It is now raining in London," "It rained in London yesterday," and "It will rain in London sometime next week" are all chronologically indefinite, in ...
any method used to order time and to place events in the sequence in which they occurred. The systems of chronology used to record human history, which are closely related ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "Earth, geologic history of") ...been correlated using an internationally acceptable, standardized time scale. There are, in fact, two geologic time scales. One is relative, or chronostratigraphic, and the other is absolute, or chronometric. The ...
(from the article "time") ...of the theoretical minimum measurable span of time, which comes to something of the order of 10-24 second and hence to speculations that time may be made up of discrete ...
(from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...Kinetograph to provide visual images for his phonograph, and Dickson had actually synchronized the two machines in a device briefly marketed in the 1890s as the Kinetophone. Leon Gaumont's Chronophone ...
(from the article "photography, history of") Muybridge's photographic analysis of movement coincided with studies by French physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey to develop chronophotography. Whereas Muybridge had employed a battery of cameras to record detailed, separate images of ...
(from the article "Noble, Sir Andrew, 1st Baronet") About 1862 he applied his invention, the chronoscope, a device for measuring very small time intervals, to determine the velocity of shot in gun barrels. His experiments helped establish the ...
(from the article "Earth, geologic history of") ...and events in widely separated parts of the world have been correlated using an internationally acceptable, standardized time scale. There are, in fact, two geologic time scales. One is relative, ...
(from the article "drug") ...affect the function of the heart in three main ways. They can affect the force of contraction of the heart muscle (inotropic effects); they can affect the frequency of the ...
(from the article "Vietnam") Many Montagnard peoples-such as the Rade (Rhade), Jarai, Chru, and Roglai-speak Austronesian languages, linking them to the Cham, Malay, and Indonesian peoples; others-including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre,...
(from the article "algae") ...also capsoid, coccoid, amoeboid, filamentous, parenchymatous, or plasmodial; many produce silica cysts (statospores); predominantly freshwater; approximately 1,200 species; Chrysamoeba, Chrysocapsa, and
German music historian and critic, whose collection of the works of George Frideric Handel and authoritative writings on many other composers established him as a pioneer of 19th-century musicology.
genus of ornamental plants in the family Asteraceae, containing about 100 species native primarily to subtropical and temperate areas of the Old World. Cultivated species, often called mums, have large ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "gall midge") The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is the most serious pest within the family. In Europe and North America the chrysanthemum midge (Diarthronomyia hypogaea) makes small galls in the leaves. The ...
Japan's highest and most exclusive order, established in 1877 by the Meiji emperor, awarded mainly to members of Japan's royal family and to foreign royalty or heads of state. The ...
(from the article "Byzantine chant") ...19th century is usually called Neo-Byzantine because of some stylistic features in music of that period. In the early 19th century the traditional notation was viewed as too complex, and ...
(from the article "Gorgon") ...is depicted as beautiful although deadly-was the only one of the three who was mortal; hence, Perseus was able to kill her by cutting off her head. From the blood ...
genus of marine jellyfish of the class Scyphozoa (phylum Cnidaria) that is found in all temperate and tropical seas around the world. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Byzantine Empire") ...of municipal taxes was taken from the members of the local senate and assigned to agents of the praetorian prefect. Trade and industry were probably stimulated by the termination of ...
flat lowland region in the northern hemisphere of the planet Mars that was chosen for the landing sites of the U.S. Viking 1 and Mars Pathfinder planetary probes. The Viking ... [3 Related Articles]
(from Greek chrysos, "gold," and elephantinos, "ivory"), type of figural sculpture in which the flesh was made of ivory and the drapery of gold. Statuettes of ivory and gold were ... [1 Related Articles]
Greek philosopher from Soli (Soloi) who was the principal systematizer of Stoic philosophy. He is considered to have been, with Zeno, cofounder of the academy at Athens Stoa (Greek: "Porch"). ... [5 Related Articles]
office building in New York City, designed by William Van Alen and often cited as the epitome of the Art Deco skyscraper. Its sunburst-patterned stainless steel spire remains one of ... [3 Related Articles]
American automotive company first incorporated in 1925 and reorganized as Chrysler LLC in 2007. It was for many years the third largest (after General Motors Corporation and the Ford Motor ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Malpighiales") In Chrysobalanaceae, Balanopaceae, Trigoniaceae, Dichapetalaceae, and Euphroniaceae, each ovary chamber usually has only two ovules, and the seeds have at most slight endosperm. Within this group, Chrysobalanaceae, Trigoniaceae, Dichapetalaceae, and ...
gemstone, beryllium and aluminum oxide (BeAl2O4). A variety that is often cloudy, opalescent, and chatoyant is known as cymophane. Some cymophane, when cut en cabochon (in convex form), comprises the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "diplomatics") From about the 12th to the mid-14th century, a simplified form, the chrysobullon sigillion, was used for privileges of lesser importance. It was not signed by the emperor himself but ...
(from the article "diplomatics") ...equals but as an act of grace or privilege granted by the emperor, and made out as such), and letters accrediting imperial ambassadors. The most solemn and splendid form of ...
(from the article "algae") ...parenchymatous, or plasmodial; many produce silica cysts (statospores); predominantly freshwater; approximately 1,200 species; Chrysamoeba, Chrysocapsa, and Ochromonas.Predominantly marine flagellates, including...
(from the article "algae") ...because they can remove large amounts of carbon from the ocean water; predominantly marine and planktonic; approximately 300 species; more fossil coccolithophores known; Chrysochromulina,
a silicate mineral, hydrated copper silicate, CuSiO3·2H2O, formed as a decomposition product of copper minerals in most copper mines, especially in arid regions. It occurs as crusts or masses in ...
in calligraphy, the art of writing in letters of gold or a piece of calligraphic work so set off. Chrysography perhaps reached its highest perfection in the West during the ...
(from the article "dye") ...Ar represents an aryl group) gives Ar&singlehorzbond;NN+, an aryldiazonium ion, which readily couples with anilines or phenols to furnish azo compounds. An early commercial success was chrysoidine, which had been ...
(from the article "Fagales") ...of the genus Castanea (chestnut) also show a worldwide distribution in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere, again with the greatest diversity in eastern Asia. The two species of Chrysolepis ...
(from the article "chrysoberyl") Chrysoberyl is often mistaken for chrysolite, because of their similar colour, and has been called oriental chrysolite. The name chrysolite, however, should properly be restricted to a pale-green olivine, a ...
any aquatic, algaelike, solitary or colonial protozoa of the phytoflagellate (plantlike) order Chrysomonadida. Chrysomonads are minute, have one or two anterior flagella, often near a red eyespot, and contain yellowish ...
(from the article "blow fly") ...carrion or excrement, and the larvae of some species infest and may even kill sheep. The black blow fly (Phormia regina) is another widely distributed species with ...
(from the article "grassland") ...develops and may be kept in this condition indefinitely through burning or through the browsing and grazing of such herbivores as elephants. Other grasses such as Aristida and Chrysopogon are ...
brittle, translucent, semiprecious chalcedony (q.v.), a variety of the silica mineral quartz. It owes its bright apple-green colour to colloidally dispersed hydrated nickel silicate; heating or prolonged exposure to sunlight ... [1 Related Articles]
early Church Father, biblical interpreter, and archbishop of Constantinople; the zeal and clarity of his preaching, which appealed especially to the common people, earned him the Greek surname meaning "golden-mouthed." ... [10 Related Articles]
(Greek: "hair of gold"), fibrous variety of the magnesium silicate mineral serpentine; chrysotile is the most important asbestos mineral. [7 Related Articles]
city, Malopolskie wojewodztwo (province), south-central Poland. Chrzanow forms part of the highly developed Upper Silesian industrial and mining area. Chrzanow is located 15 miles (25 km) southeast ...
(from the article "Erechtheus") In his lost play Erechtheus, Euripides gave that king three daughters, one of whom was appropriately named Chthonia. At war with neighbouring Eleusis and its ally King Eumolpus, Erechtheus learned ...
(from the article "oracle") Oracles delivered through incubation were believed to come from chthonian (underworld) powers. Thus invalids slept in the hall of Asclepius, the god of medicine, at Epidaurus and claimed to receive ...
(from the article "China") ...south. Between 907 and 960, 10 independent kingdoms emerged in China, mainly in the south: the Wu (902-937), the Nan (Southern) Tang (937-975/976), the Nan Ping (924-963), the Chu (927-951), ...
(from the article "Japan") ...between rulers and subjects. Thus he argued that the separation of the four classes of society was in accord with the teachings of Confucius. The two central moral ideals of ...
(from the article "Wen Ti") Wen Ti also has two assistants, K'uei Hsing, the god of examinations, with whom he is sometimes confused, and Chu I, whose name signifies Red Coat.
(from the article "Nguyen Du") best-loved poet of the Vietnamese and creator of the epic poem Kim van Kieu, written in chu-nom (southern characters). He is considered by some to be the father of Vietnamese ...
river in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, rising in the Tien Shan at the confluence of the Dzhuvanaryk and Kochkor rivers. It flows north through the Boam Gorge, beyond which it is ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "arts, East Asian") ...developed a formula that allowed them to bypass the "natural" tone system by making all pitches equidistant. The same formula was discovered by a Chinese mathematician and musicologist, Chu Tsai-yu, ...
(from the article "Kyrgyzstan") ...which merges into the Chatkal Range. The Chatkal Range is linked to the Ysyk-Kol region by a final enclosing range, the Kyrgyz. The only other important lowlands in the country ...
American physicist who, with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips, was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics for their independent, pioneering research in cooling and trapping atoms using laser ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "special economic zone") The first four special economic zones were created in 1980 in southeastern coastal China and consisted of what were then the small cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong ...
(from the article "Hunan") ...They are largely dome-shaped and granitic, although limestone and red clay are found in lower-lying areas. In the east the mountain ranges of Chu-kuang and Wu-kung form the border with ...
(from the article "Thailand") ...in the elections held in 1992, 1995, and 1996, the Democrat Party, the oldest political party in Thailand, has been the most successful of any in putting together coalitions to ...
(from the article "quantum computer") In 1998 Isaac Chuang of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Neil Gershenfeld of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Mark Kubinec of the University of California at Berkeley created ...
a form of traditional Chinese operatic drama that developed from the nanxi in the late 14th century. Chuanqi alternated with the zaju as the major form of Chinese drama until ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Yuan Zhen") ...as well as for his more conventional poetry, Yuan was best known for his short fiction. Using contemporary settings, figures, and themes, he adapted the traditional chuanqi, ...
any of several freshwater fishes of the carp family, Cyprinidae, common in Europe and North America. Chubs are good bait fish, and large specimens are caught for sport or food. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Catch Trends for the Top 10 Caught Species in 2000") Allied to this species is the chub mackerel (S. colias; once separated into Atlantic and Pacific species). They are more finely marked than the common mackerel; the chub mackerel that ...
author of short fiction, drama, and novels, one of the leading 20th-century writers of Iran. Chubak's short stories are characterized by their intricacy, economy of detail, and concentration upon a ...
British inventor and entrepreneur, founder of the locksmith firm of Chubb & Son (now Chubb & Son PLC), which in the 20th century became a major corporation manufacturing and distributing ...
(from the article "lock") In 1784 (between Barron's lock and Chubb's improvements on it) a remarkable lock was patented in England by Joseph Bramah. Working on an entirely different principle, it used a very ...
chiho (region), central Honshu, Japan, embracing the ken (prefectures) of Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, and Aichi. Its name is derived from its location in the central ...
