| | - Chichester Cathedral
- (from the article "Chichester") ...connected by canal. The basic plan of the Roman town (Noviomagus Regnensium) is preserved in the modern city, and the elaborate octagonal Market Cross (1501) marks the town centre. Alongside ...
- Chichester, Arthur Chichester, Baron
- English lord deputy of Ireland from 1604 to 1614, who developed the plan for colonizing Ulster with English and Scottish settlers. [1 Related Articles]
- Chichester, Sir Francis
- adventurer who in 1966-67 sailed around the world alone in a 55-foot sailing yacht, the "Gipsy Moth IV."
- Chichi rug
- small, handmade floor covering woven in a cluster of villages in the vicinity of the Azerbaijanian city of Kuba. Most rugs labeled as Chichi in the West are characterized by ...
- Chichibu
- city, Saitama ken (prefecture), north-central Honshu, Japan. It is located on the Ara River in the eastern part of the Chichibu Basin. During the late 19th century ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chichibu Mountains
- (from the article "Kanto Range") The range may be divided into two distinct sections, which are separated by the Katsura River, a tributary of the Sagami River. The Chichibu Mountains in the north are the ...
- Chichicastenango
- town, west-central Guatemala, 6,447 feet (1,965 metres) above sea level. It was a market centre for the Cakchiquel Maya before the Spanish conquest. Chichicastenango still boasts one of the largest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chichimec
- any of several groups of Indians who invaded central Mexico from the north in the 12th and 13th centuries AD and ended the Toltec hegemony in the region. Their language, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Chichimec language
- (from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") The Oto-Pamean stock contains four groups and complexes, Chichimec, Pamean, Matlatzinca, and Otomian, of which only the last two are spoken within Mesoamerica. The exact number of languages within the ...
- chick-pea
- (species Cicer arietinum), annual plant of the pea family (Fabaceae), widely grown for its nutritious seeds. The bushy, 60-centimetre (2-foot) plants bear pinnate leaves and small white or reddish flowers. ...
- chickadee
- any of seven North American bird species of the genus Parus, of the family Paridae (order Passeriformes). The name imitates their call notes. Old World members of the genus are ...
- Chickahominy
- (from the article "Virginia") ...in the urban environs of Washington, D.C., the Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News region, and Roanoke-the only other concentration in Virginia is that of the Chickahominy, clustering near the Chickahominy River, a ...
- Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
- (from the article "Chattanooga") ...after which Union forces occupied the city and used it as a supply centre for the Atlanta campaign of General William Tecumseh Sherman. The city's historic environs have been preserved ...
- Chickamauga Creek, Battle of
- (September 19-20, 1863), in the American Civil War, a vital part of the maneuvering and fighting to control the railroad centre at nearby Chattanooga, Tennessee. Union General William S. Rosecrans ... [4 Related Articles]
- Chickamauga Lake
- (from the article "Chattanooga") ...odd stone formations known as Rock City. Raccoon Mountain on the southwestern corner of the city offers tours of caves and a TVA power plant. The annual Riverbend Festival is ...
- Chickasaw
- North American Indian tribe of Muskogean linguistic stock who originally inhabited what is now northern Mississippi and Alabama. In their earlier history the Chickasaw and the Choctaw (q.v.) may have ... [10 Related Articles]
- Chickasaw
- city, northern suburb of Mobile, Mobile county, southwestern Alabama, U.S. It lies on Chickasaw Creek, a tributary of the Mobile Bay delta region. Named for the Chickasaw people, it was ...
- Chickasaw Nation Industries
- (from the article "Southeast Indian") ...21st century, the Southeast nations emphasized economic development, the revenues of which were used to support programs ranging from education to health care to cultural preservation. For instance, Chickasaw Nation ...
- Chickasawba
- (from the article "Blytheville") ...economy. After intensive logging had cleared the county's cypress and hardwood forests, the region was developed for agriculture and the processing of agricultural products. Blytheville annexed Chickasawba in 1907 and ...
- Chickasha
- city, seat (1907) of Grady county, central Oklahoma, U.S., on the Washita River, southwest of Oklahoma City. Founded in 1892 near a Rock Island Railroad stop, it was named for ...
- chickee
- (from the article "Everglades") The Seminoles found sanctuary in the swamps and marshes because the white settlers did not covet the glades at the time. They developed the "chickee," a dwelling without walls, made ...
- chicken
- (from the article "chicken") one of the most widely domesticated fowl, raised worldwide for its meat and eggs. See poultry.FIGUREhomologies of the forelimb among vertebrateschicken cup
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") Overglaze painting was applied with delicate care in the Ch'eng-hua period, chiefly in the decoration of small wine cups with chicken motifs, much admired by Chinese connoisseurs. These "chicken cups" ...
- chicken mite
- (from the article "mite") Mites of the suborder Mesostigmata (order Parasitiformes) include the chicken mite, the northern fowl mite, and the rat mite, all of which attack humans. In addition, there are nasal mites ...
- chicken nugget
- (from the article "poultry processing") ...To hold the breading to the poultry, the product is deep-fried for a short time. If the poultry is fully cooked in this process, the consumer will only have to ...
- chicken snake
- (from the article "rat snake") ...Most are found in woodlands and around farm buildings. They hunt rats and mice and kill them by constriction. They also eat eggs, and some species raid poultry yards and ...
- chicken tetrazzini
- (from the article "Tetrazzini, Luisa") ...however, was stunning and remained so very nearly until her death. She described her career in My Life of Song (1921) and published another book, How to Sing, in 1923. ...
- chicken turtle
- (Deirochelys reticularia), edible freshwater turtle (family Emydidae) found in the southeastern United States. The chicken turtle has an exceptionally long neck and a finely grooved upper shell covered with an ...
- chickenpox
- contagious viral disease characterized by an eruption of vesicles (small blisters) on the skin. The disease usually occurs in epidemics, and the infected persons are generally between two and six ... [8 Related Articles]
- Chickering, Jonas
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...casting that took the entire tension of the strings upon itself. The one-piece cast-iron frame was first applied to square pianos by Alpheus Babcock of Boston in 1825, and in ...
- chickweed
- species of small-leaved weeds of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae). The common chickweed, or stitchwort (Stellaria media), is native to Europe but is widely naturalized. It usually grows to ...
- Chiclana de la Frontera
- city, Cadiz provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. The city is an agricultural centre and summer resort near ...
- Chiclayo
- city, northern Peru. It is located on the Pan-American Highway more than 400 miles (640 km) northwest of Lima, in an irrigated area producing sugarcane, cotton, and rice. Founded in ...
- chicle
- gum that consists of the coagulated milky juice (latex) of the sapodilla, or naseberry, tree (Achras zapota), a tropical American fruit tree principally from Yucatan, Guatemala, and other regions of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Chico
- city, Butte county, northern California, U.S. Chico lies in the Sacramento River valley, nearly 90 miles (145 km) north of Sacramento. It was founded in 1860 by John Bidwell, a ...
- Chico
- (from the article "Patagonia") ...tablelands from west to east are all beds of former rivers that flowed from the Andes to the Atlantic; only a few now carry permanent streams of Andean origin (the ...
- Chicoasen Dam
- (from the article "World's largest dams") ...the tree line in the northeastern mountains there is a zone devoted to cattle grazing. Tuxtla, located at the northern end of the Grijalva valley, is the largest population centre ...
- Chicomecoatl
- Aztec goddess of sustenance and, hence, of corn (maize), one of the most ancient and important goddesses in the Valley of Mexico. The number seven in her name is associated ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chicopee
- city, Hampden county, southwestern Massachusetts, U.S., lying at the juncture of the Chicopee and Connecticut rivers. Originally part of Springfield, it was settled in the 1650s. Industrialization began in 1825 ...
- chicory
- (Cichorium intybus), blue-flowered perennial plant of the family Asteraceae. When cultivated, its leaves are eaten as a vegetable or salad, or its roasted and ground roots are used as a ...
- chicuelina
- (from the article "bullfighting") ...with the big colourful cape. Among these passes are the gaonera, in which the cape is held behind the matador's body, and the chicuelina, ...
- Chicxulub
- (from the article "Earth impact hazard") Since that time scientists have identified the probable site of the impact, called the Chicxulub crater, off Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and have come to suspect that similar catastrophic impacts may ...
- Chidambaram
- city, east-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is situated in the fertile Coleroon River valley, on the Madras-Thanjavur (Tanjore) road and rail system. The city supports silk and cotton ...
- Chidambaram, Rajagopala
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...it had no intentions of producing nuclear weapons. Among the key scientists and engineers directly involved were Homi Sethna, chairman of the AEC, Raja Ramanna, head of the BARC physics ...
- Chidchai Vanasatidya
- (from the article "Thailand") Area: 513,120 sq km (198,117 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 64,632,000 | Capital: Bangkok | Chief of state: King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Head of government: Prime Ministers Thaksin Shinawatra, ...
- Chidley Cape
- (from the article "Hudson Bay") ...by the numerous peripheral rivers and also by currents from Foxe Basin in the north, creating a counterclockwise general movement. Outflow occurs along the eastern Hudson Strait coast, rounding Chidley ...
- chief
- (from the article "heraldry") The honourable ordinaries and subordinaries may be generally agreed as numbering about 20. Among them are: the chief, being the top third of the shield; the pale, a third of ...
- chief
- political leader of a social group, such as a band, tribe, or confederacy of tribes. Among many peoples, chiefs have very little coercive authority and depend on community consensus for ... [29 Related Articles]
- chief constable
- (from the article "constable") A chief or high constable in every local area (hundred or franchise) was responsible for suppressing riots and violent crimes and for arming the militia to enable him to do ...
- chief councillor
- (from the article "China") The later Nan Song emperors preferred not to take on the awesome burden of managing the huge and complex bureaucracy. Most of them were concerned chiefly with security and the ...
- chief justice
- the presiding judge in the Supreme Court of the United States, and the highest judicial officer of the nation. The chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice ... [1 Related Articles]
- chief rabbinate
- in Judaism, a supreme religious authority whose decisions bind all those under its jurisdiction. The prototype of the chief rabbinate was the Great Sanhedrin of Jerusalem, which, until the destruction ...
- Chieftain
- (from the article "tank") ...1950s the capabilities of British tank units were augmented by a small number of Conqueror heavy tanks armed with 120-millimetre guns, and in the early 1970s the Centurions were entirely ...
- Chiemsee
- lake, Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. It lies 1,699 feet (518 m) above sea level, between the Inn (to which it drains through the Alz) and Salzach rivers. The largest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chien-an
- (from the article "pottery") Chien ware is called after the original place of manufacture, Chien-an, in Fukien Province. Manufacture was later moved to nearby Chien-yang, probably during the Yuan period. The glaze is very ...
- chien-ho
- (from the article "Hopeh") ...the extremely low-lying tract around the large Pai-yang Lake and the Wen-an Marsh. Water from the streams is used to wash away excess salt in the alkaline soil and to ...
- Chiericati, Palazzo
- (from the article "Palladio, Andrea") ...The architectural motifs used were taken from Serlio and from Sansovino's library of St. Mark's in Venice. Up to 1556 Palladio produced three basic palace types. The first, in 1550, ...
- Chiesetta di Piazza di Siena
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...built the monastery of Santa Scolastica, Subiaco (1774-77), with a barrel-vaulted nave characteristic of the new taste. In 1787 the first baseless Greek Doric columns in Italy appeared in the ...
- Chieti
- city, Abruzzi regione, central Italy, on a hill overlooking the Pescara River, south of Pescara. It originated as Teate, chief town of the Marrucini (an ancient Italic tribe), and was ...
- Chifeng
- city, southeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (qu), northeastern China. It lies on the upper reaches of the Yingjin River, a tributary of the upper Liaoha River (itself ... [1 Related Articles]
- chiffchaff
- (Phylloscopus collybita), warbler (family Sylviidae, order Passeriformes) of western Eurasia, named for its song. This greenish brown bird, 11 cm (4.5 inches) long, with pale eye stripe, restlessly hunts insects ... [1 Related Articles]
- chiffon
- in textiles, lightweight, sheer fabric of plain weave, usually of silk or one of the synthetic fibres. Although delicate in appearance, it is a relatively strong, balanced fabric and can ...
- chiffon cake
- (from the article "baking") ...white cake uses egg whites instead of whole eggs; devil's food cake, differing from chocolate cake chiefly in that the devil's food batter is adjusted to an alkaline level with ...
- Chifley, Joseph Benedict
- statesman, prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949, and leader of the Australian Labor Party (1945-51). His ministry was noted for banking reform and expansion of social services and ... [1 Related Articles]
- chiflik
- (from the article "Bulgaria") ...of the central government to keep the spahis and local officials under control. During the 17th and 18th centuries the spahis succeeded in converting their fiefs to
- Chifunyise, Stephen
- (from the article "theatre, African") In Zimbabwe the most effective theatre was in the hands of small semiprofessional companies such as The People's Theatre, directed by Ben Sibenke in Harare. In Zambia Stephen Chifunyise toured ...
- chigai-dana
- in Japanese architecture, shelves built into a wall, a feature of the shoin style of domestic architecture, which first appeared during the Kamakura period (1192-1333). What was previously a freestanding ...
- Chigasaki
- city, southern Kanagawa ken (prefecture), north-central Honshu, Japan. Originally a small post town, it developed in the late 19th century as a fashionable suburb of the Tokyo-Yokohama ...
- chigger
- the larva of any of approximately 10,000 species of mites in the invertebrate subclass Acari (the mites and ticks). The name is also erroneously applied to an insect better known ... [3 Related Articles]
- chigi
- (from the article "jinja") ...at regular intervals, retaining through each reconstruction original elements of great antiquity, such as frames, floors, or roof beams. A distinctive feature of Shinto architecture is the chigi, a scissors-shaped ...
- Chigi Chapel
- (from the article "Rome") ...main chapel has tombs by Andrea Sansovino and frescoes by Pinturicchio. In the Cerasi Chapel are Caravaggio's "Conversion of St. Paul" and his "Crucifixion of St. Peter." The Chigi Chapel, ...
- Chigi Family
- a Sienese family that rose from banking in the 13th century to princely rank in papal Rome and in the Holy Roman Empire in the 17th century.
- Chigi vase
- (from the article "Villa Giulia, Museo Nazionale di") ...necropolis at Caere. Many artifacts such as vases, bronzes, armour, mirrors, and votive statuettes are among the treasures of the collection. The fine collection of Greek vases includes the famous ...
- Chigi, Agostino
- (from the article "Chigi Family") The first member of the family to win more than local eminence was Agostino Chigi, "il Magnifico" (c. 1465-1520), a merchant prince who, as a banker in Rome, developed one ...
- Chignecto Bay
- (from the article "Fundy, Bay of") Steep bedrock cliffs up to 200 feet (60 m) high bound the bay and channel its waters until they separate into two narrow niches, Chignecto Bay on the north and ...
- Chignecto Isthmus
- narrow neck of land in the centre of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, connecting Nova Scotia with New Brunswick and the Canadian mainland, between Northumberland Strait (leading to the Gulf ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chigua
- small genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae. The two species in the genus are endemic to lowland rainforest habitats in Colombia. The genus is similar to the closely related ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chigwell
- town in the Epping Forest district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England, on the River Roding on the northeastern perimeter of the metropolitan area of London. It includes the ...
- chigyo
- (from the article "Japan") ...strengthening feudal landownership were at this stage carried out not so much to gain control over the complicated landholding and taxation system of the farmers as to define the size ...
- Chih Nu
- in Chinese mythology, the heavenly weaving maiden who used clouds to spin seamless robes of brocade for her father, the Jade Emperor (Yu Ti). Granted permission to visit the earth, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chih-chih
- (from the article "Central Asia, history of") ...remaining tribes, the northern Hsiung-nu, maintained themselves in Mongolia until the middle of the 2nd century, when they finally succumbed to the Hsien-pei, their neighbours. Another group, led by Chih-chih, ...
- Chih-i
- Buddhist monk, founder of the eclectic T'ien-t'ai (Japanese: Tendai) Buddhist sect, which was named for Chih-i's monastery on Mount T'ien-t'ai in Chekiang, China. His name is frequently but erroneously given ... [2 Related Articles]
- chiho
- (from the article "Japan") Early in the 20th century it was recognized that larger geographic divisions were needed. By 1905 a system of eight chiho (regions) had been set up that ...
- Chihuahua
- estado (state), northern Mexico. It is bounded to the north and northeast by the United States (New Mexico and Texas), to the east by the state of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Chihuahua
- city, capital of Chihuahua estado (state), northern Mexico. The city lies at an elevation of about 4,800 feet (1,460 metres) in a valley of the Sierra Madre ...
- Chihuahua
- smallest recognized dog breed, named for the Mexican state of Chihuahua, where it was first noted in the mid-19th century. The Chihuahua is thought to have been derived from the ...
- Chihuahuan Desert
- (from the article "Deserts of the world") ...and winter temperatures are extreme. The highest temperatures in the country, exceeding 110 °F (43 °C), occur in July and August in central Baja California and in the northern Sonoran ...
- Chihuly, Dale
- American artist whose work in glass sculpture-often presented in complex and dynamic public projects-led to a resurgence of interest in that medium. [1 Related Articles]
- Chijol Canal
- (from the article "Tampico") ...conditions, and for several years Tampico ranked as the greatest oil port in the world. Pipelines lead from the nearby fields, and fleets of barges transport oil from farther up ...
- Chikamatsu Monzaemon
- Japanese playwright, widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of that country. He is credited with more than 100 plays, most of which were written as joruri dramas, ... [7 Related Articles]
- chikan work
- delicate, fine Indian embroidery done in white cotton threads on plain muslin. The ancient history of this style is uncertain, but it is known that in the 18th century it ...
- Chikatilo, Andrei Romanovich
- Soviet serial killer who murdered at least 50 people between 1978 and 1990. His case is noteworthy not only because of the large number of his victims but because efforts ... [1 Related Articles]
- Chikmagalur
- town, southwestern Karnataka state, southern India. The town serves as a major centre for coffee processing and trading. Fertilizer is treated there for use in the local coffee, cardamom, and ...
- Chikulamayembe
- (from the article "Malawi") ...Zambia and Mozambique. North of the Maravi territory, the Ngonde founded a kingdom about 1600. In the 18th century, a group of immigrants from the eastern side of Lake Malawi ...
- Chikwakwa Theatre
- (from the article "Zambia") ...Line of Rail, Chipata, Mongu, and Kasama) have sped this process. Various forms of theatre have flourished. In the last years of colonial rule, dance drama was developed for nationalist ...
- Chil, Manuel
- (from the article "Latin American art") The Rococo doll-like sculpture that was standard in Europe in the 18th century was best executed in Latin America by the Quito school. For example, Manuel Chil, an Indian artist ...
- Chiladze, Otar
- (from the article "Georgian literature") ...continued in the spirit of Javakhishvili's novels centred on rogues with the magnificent Data Tutashkhia (1972) and the autobiographical Gora Mborgali (1995), while Otar Chiladze, with Gzaze erti katsi midioda ...
- Chilalo, Mount
- (from the article "Ethiopia") The Eastern Highlands are much smaller in extent than the Western Highlands, but they offer equally impressive contrast in topography. The highest peaks are Mount Batu, at 14,127 feet, and ...
- Chilam Balam, Books of
- group of documents written in Yucatec Maya with Spanish characters during the 17th and 18th centuries. A principal source of knowledge of ancient Mayan custom, they contain myth, prophecy, medical ... [3 Related Articles]
- Chilan
- (from the article "Ah Kin") ...gods. The chief priest (Ah Kin Mai) served in the various capacities of administrator, teacher, healer, astronomer, adviser to the chief, and diviner. Priests specializing in prophecy were known as ...
- chilblain
- an inflammatory swelling of the skin of the hands or feet, resulting from exposure to cold. The condition is believed to result from cold hypersensitivity of small vessels of the ... [1 Related Articles]
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