town, in the provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of La Rioja, northern Spain, on the south bank of the Cidacos River near ...
industrial seaport on the Strait of Dover, Pas-de-Calais departement, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France, 21 miles (34 km) by sea from Dover (the shortest crossing ... [7 Related Articles]
city, Washington county, eastern Maine, U.S., on the St. Croix River (there spanned by an international bridge to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada), 98 miles (158 km) east-northeast of Bangor. ...
in Greek mythology, the winged twin sons of Boreas and Oreithyia. On their arrival with the Argonauts at Salmydessus in Thrace, they liberated their sister Cleopatra, who had been thrown ...
(from the article "Edward III") ...Paris. After this unsuccessful campaign he was glad to conclude preliminaries of peace at Brittany (May 8, 1360). This treaty, less onerous to France than that of London, took its ...
(from the article "Holocene Epoch") ...Transition"). In The Netherlands the barrier beaches re-formed close to the present coastline, and widespread tidal flats developed to the interior. These are known as the Calais Beds (or Calaisian) ...
city, northern Chile, on the Rio Loa in an extremely arid region. It lies on the western slope of the Andes at an altitude of 7,435 feet (2,266 metres) and ...
(from the article "quilting") Thrifty colonial women would have recycled precious fabric scraps to make and repair garments and bedding. However, the earliest surviving American quilts tend to be wholecloth calamancos, in which the ...
(from the article "ebony") ...branches and oblong leaves. D.montana of India yields a yellowish gray, soft but durable wood. D. quaesita is the tree from which is obtained the wood known in Sri ...
islands lying between Mindoro and Palawan, west-central Philippines. The group comprises Busuanga, Culion, and Coron islands and about 95 lesser coral isles and islets. The main islands are quite hilly ...
(from the article "calamine") either of two zinc minerals. The name has been dropped in favour of the species names hemimorphite (q.v.; hydrous zinc silicate) and smithsonite (q.v.; zinc carbonate).for more specific content on ...
alloy of copper with zinc, produced by heating fragments of copper with charcoal and a zinc ore, calamine or smithsonite, in a closed crucible to red heat (about 1,300° C, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "spider") ...pair having been either lost or reduced to a nonfunctional cone (colulus) or flat plate (cribellum), through which open thousands of minute spigots. Spiders with a cribellum also have a ...
(from the article "Equisetopsida") ...1 metre (3 feet) tall, with small, wedge-shape leaves; 2 families: Sphenophyllaceae and Cheirostrobaceae.Two families: Calamitaceae, extinct tree horsetails; and Equisetaceae, herbaceous living horsetails and fossil allies with needlelike ...
genus of tree-sized, spore-bearing plants that lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods (about 360 to 250 million years ago). Calamites had a well-defined node-internode architecture similar ... [1 Related Articles]
legendary American frontierswoman whose name was often linked with that of Wild Bill Hickok. The facts of her life are confused by her own inventions and by the successive stories ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "wren-warbler") ...their tails cocked up. The name also denotes certain birds of the family Maluridae that are found in Australia and New Zealand. Among the sylviid wren-warblers are those of the ...
(from the article "bird") The typical contour feather consists of a tapered central shaft, the rachis, with paired branches (barbs) on each side. An unbranched basal section of the rachis is called the calamus, ...
(from the article "palm") ...continental bounds are Chamaerops in Europe and Africa, Elaeis (oil palm) and Raphia (raffia palm, or jupati) in Africa and America, and Borassus (palmyra palm), Calamus (rattan palm), Hyphaene (doum ...
(from the article "palm") ...or ivory, palm (Phytelephas aequatorialis) grown for vegetable ivory; and a fibre palm (Aphandra natalia). In Southeast Asia the production of rattan from species of Calamus (C. caesius, C. manan, ...
(from the article "palm") ...in some New World areas. Palms are dominant in another type of vegetation on the landward fringe of mangrove swamps in the western Malay Archipelago, where Oncosperma tigillarium and Calamus ...
(from the article "palm") ...(Phytelephas aequatorialis) grown for vegetable ivory; and a fibre palm (Aphandra natalia). In Southeast Asia the production of rattan from species of Calamus (C. caesius, C. manan, and C. trachycoleus) ...
(from the article "palm") ...grown for vegetable ivory; and a fibre palm (Aphandra natalia). In Southeast Asia the production of rattan from species of Calamus (C. caesius, C. manan, and C. trachycoleus) is a ...
English Presbyterian theologian who contributed significantly to the writings of Smectymnuus (1641), the pen name under which was published the Calvinists' famous reply to the Anglican apology for bishops and ...
(from the article "nuclear reactor") ...only by other countries. The result of this policy was CANDU-the line of natural uranium-fueled reactors moderated and cooled by heavy water. A reactor of this kind consists of a ...
(from the article "crustacean") ...limbs; no abdominal limbs; larva usually a nauplius; free-living and parasitic; worldwide; marine, freshwater, and some semi-terrestrial; at least 8,500 species.Antennules long, usually held stiffly at right angles to ...
genus of orchids, family Orchidaceae, containing about 150 species of primarily terrestrial plants native to Asia and South Africa, with one Central American and West Indian species. Some species lose ...
(from the article "crustacean") Copepods and krill are important components of most marine food webs. Planktonic (i.e., drifting) copepods, such as Calanus, and members of the order Euphausiacea (euphausiids), or krill, may be present ...
city, capital of Calarasi judet (county), southeastern Romania. It is located at the border with Bulgaria on the Borcea arm of the Danube and along Lake Calarasi, about 60 mi ...
city, northeastern Quindio department, Colombia, on the western slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Central, at 5,039 ft (1,536 m) above sea level. Like neighbouring Armenia, the departmental capital, it ...
Huguenot cloth merchant whose execution caused the philosopher Voltaire to lead a campaign for religious toleration and reform of the French criminal code. [3 Related Articles]
priest, teacher, patron saint of Roman Catholic schools, and founder of the Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum (Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God ...
(from Czech kolesa: "wheels"), also called Caleche, or Barouche, any of various open carriages, with facing passenger seats and an elevated coachman's seat joined to the front of ...
Italian editor, publisher, and writer whose book Le nozze di Cadmo e Armonia (1988; The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony) achieved international critical and popular acclaim.
(from the article "Andes Mountains") ...all exceed 19,000 feet. The two main ranges and several volcanic secondary chains enclose depressions called salars because of the deposits of salts they contain; in northwestern Argentina, the Sierra ...
major military and religious order in Spain. The order was originated in 1158 when King Sancho III of Castile ceded the fortress of Calatrava to Raymond, abbot of the Cistercian ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "amphictyony") ...of water supplies; the hieromnemones could punish offenders and even proclaim a sacred war against them. Other important amphictyonies were the Delian and, in the Archaic period, the Calaurian (composed ...
(from the article "folk art") ...stock characters. Block printing was also used to produce games, announcements for traveling shows, and forms for certificates. The English broadsheets and the Mexican calaveras (literally "skulls," ...
a gold telluride mineral (AuTe2) that is a member of the krennerite group of sulfides and perhaps a structurally altered form (paramorph) of krennerite (q.v.); it generally contains some silver ...
(from the article "Babuyan Islands") ...of strong winds discourage the cultivation of rice or corn (maize). Instead, root crops, particularly sweet potatoes, are widely grown, and the surplus supports a small livestock industry. Calayan is ...
city, on the western coast of Samar Island, Philippines. The city lies along the Samar Sea at the mouth of the Calbayog River. It is a religious and educational centre, ...
(from the article "Lycoperdaceae") ...of the fruiting body (basidiocarp), are edible before maturity, at which time the internal tissues become dry and powdery. Puffs of spores discharge when the fruiting structure is disturbed. Calbovista ...
(from the article "basalt") Basalts may be broadly classified on a chemical and petrographic basis into two main groups: the calc-alkali and the alkali basalts. Calc-alkali basaltic lavas are characterized by calcic plagioclase with ...
(from the article "igneous rock") ...the subalkaline and alkaline rocks. The subalkaline rocks have two divisions based mainly on the iron content, with the iron-rich group called the tholeiitic series and the iron-poor group called ...
(from the article "tarsal") ...above with the bones of the lower leg to form the ankle joint. The other six tarsals, tightly bound together by ligaments below the talus, function as a strong weight-bearing ...
(from the article "ooze") ...distant enough from land so that the slow but steady deposition of dead microorganisms from overlying waters is not obscured by sediments washed from the land. The oozes are subdivided ...
(from the article "echinoderm") ...plates with holes to exquisitely symmetrical wheels, and are usually numerous; one tropical species, for example, has more than 26,000,000 ossicles in its body wall. A ring of plates, called ...
(from the article "metamorphic rock") ...rich in potassium (K), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and water (H2O), with lesser amounts of manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), calcium (Ca), and other constituents. Calcareous rocksare ...
(from the article "sinter") Calcareous sinter, sometimes called tufa, calcareous tufa, or calc-tufa, is a deposit of calcium carbonate, exemplified by travertine. So-called petrifying springs, not uncommon in limestone districts, yield calcareous waters that ...
(from the article "sponge") Calcareous spicules, characteristic of the Calcarea, are composed chiefly of calcium carbonate in crystalline forms; e.g., calcite, aragonite. Most calcareous spicules have one axis (monoaxon), which is usually pointed at ...
any of a class (Calcarea) of sponges characterized by skeletons composed entirely of calcium carbonate spicules (needlelike structures). Calcareous sponges occur mainly on the rocky bottoms of the continental shelves ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "primate") ...characteristics reflective of their common ancestry. When compared with body weight, the primate brain is larger than that of other terrestrial mammals, and it has a fissure unique to primates ...
(from the article "sponge") ...spicules or of a calcareous network; genera include Clathrina, Leucetta, Petrobiona (a pharetronid).Larva called amphiblastula (oval in shape with front ...
(from the article "Teresa of Avila, Saint") ...a jurisdictional dispute erupted between the friars of the restored Primitive Rule, known as the Discalced (or "Unshod") Carmelites, and the observants of the Mitigated Rule, the Calced (or "Shod") ...
(from the article "malacostracan") ...by internal mechanisms. Organs of sound reception include, in brachyurans, the chordotonal organs on the hinges of walking legs. Highly specialized sound and vibration receptors include the antennal calceoli of ...
(from the article "Diaguita") Indian peoples of South America, formerly inhabiting northwestern Argentina and the Chilean provinces of Atacama and Coquimbo. The Calchaqui, a northwestern Argentine subgroup of the Diaguita, are the best-documented. Their ...
in Greek mythology, the son of Thestor (a priest of Apollo) and the most famous soothsayer among the Greeks at the time of the Trojan War. He played an important ...
(from the article "amphibole") ...this group. The mineral nomenclature of the amphiboles is divided into four principal subdivisions based on B-group cation occupancy: (1) the iron-magnesium-manganese amphibole group, (2) the calcic amphibole group, (3) ...
(from the article "Platonism") In the 4th century the Christian exegete Calcidius (Chalcidius) prepared a commentary on Plato's Timaeus, which exerted an important influence on the medieval interpretation of the Timaeus. A Christian Platonic ...
(from the article "animal disease") ...of animals, may occur in the liver as a result of certain inherited diseases of animals; the condition is known as glycogen infiltration. The abnormal deposition of calcium salts, which ...
(from the article "sedimentary rock") In addition to the ancient analogues of the modern carbonate deposits described above are freshwater limestones (marls) and limestone muds (or calcilutites) of deep-water abyssal plains. Freshwater limestones of limited ...
(from the article "metallurgy") Calcination of carbonates to oxides is done in a horizontal rotary kiln, which is a mild-steel circular shell lined with refractory material and having a length 10 to 12 times ...
(from the article "sponge") ...small in size; inhabit shallow waters of all seas, from intertidal regions to depths of 200 m (660 ft); a few species to 800 m (2,600 ft); about 300 species.
(from the article "aluminum processing") Calcined alumina is aluminum oxide that has been heated at temperatures in excess of 1,050° C (1,900° F) to drive off nearly all chemically combined water. In this form, alumina ...
(from the article "sports") ...activity more as an art form than as a combat. Northern Europeans emulated them. Humanistically inclined Englishmen and Germans admired the cultivated Florentine game of calcio, a ...
one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Calcisols are characterized by a layer of translocated (migrated) calcium carbonate-whether soft and ...
the most common form of natural calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a widely distributed mineral known for the beautiful development and great variety of its crystals. It is polymorphous (same chemical formula ... [22 Related Articles]
(from the article "ocean") Carbonate oozes cover about half of the world's seafloor. They are present chiefly above a depth of 4,500 metres; below that they dissolve quickly. This depth is named the Calcite ...
(from the article "mineral") The common anhydrous carbonates are divided into three groups that differ in structure type: calcite, aragonite, and dolomite. The copper carbonates azurite and malachite are the only notable hydrous varieties ...
(from the article "calcite") When sedimentary and diagenetic limestones undergo metamorphism, the calcite is frequently recrystallized and tends to become coarsely crystalline. The resulting rocks are calcite marbles. Some calcite marbles, however, appear to ...
a protein hormone secreted in humans and other mammals by parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and in birds, fishes, and other nonmammalian vertebrates by cells of the ultimobranchial bodies, ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "bone") ...the tubular reabsorption of calcium from the ultrafiltrate that would otherwise be excreted into the urine. It also stimulates the kidney to activate the major circulating form of vitamin D ...
chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of main Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. It is the most abundant metallic element in the human body and the fifth ... [46 Related Articles]
(from the article "bentonite") ...emulsions, insecticides, soaps, pharmaceuticals, and paints; in the manufacture of paper; for clarifying water, juices, and liquors; and as a water softener to remove calcium from hard water. Calcium bentonites ...
(from the article "chemical industry") ...to light if this box were magnified and examined closely. These substances, however, can in general also be made from acetylene, and acetylene can also be made from a completely ...
(from the article "bivalve") The bivalve shell is made of calcium carbonate embedded in an organic matrix secreted by the mantle. The periostracum, the outermost organic layer, is secreted by the inner surface of ...
(from the article "nervous system") As with potassium channels, there is more than one type of calcium channel. The inward calcium current is slower than the sodium current. There are at least two types of ...
(from the article "deliquescence") The effectiveness of calcined calcium chloride in settling road dust is a result of its deliquescence. When spread in the form of a powder or flakes, it absorbs more than ...
(from the article "carbide") ...→ C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 Calcium carbide also reacts with nitrogen gas at elevated temperatures (1,000-1,200 °C [1,800-2,200 °F]) to form calcium cyanamide, CaCN2.CaC2 + N2 → CaCN2 + C This ...
condition in which calcium is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Calcium is the mineral that is most likely to be deficient in the average diet. It is the chief ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "cadmium poisoning") ...from inhalation may cause a loss of the sense of smell, coughing, difficult breathing, weight loss, and injury of the liver and kidneys. Treatment usually includes the oral administration of ...
(from the article "optical ceramics") ...optical transparency with high scratch resistance. Similarly, single-crystal or infrared-transparent polycrystalline ceramics such as sodium chloride (NaCl), rubidium-doped potassium chloride (KCl), calcium fluoride (CaF), and strontium fluoride (SrF2) have been ...
(from the article "parturient paresis") ...circulatory collapse and death. The death rate in untreated animals may run as high as 90 percent. Fever is not a sign in this disorder. The most effective treatment is ...
(from the article "calcium") Calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime Ca(OH)2, is obtained by the action of water on calcium oxide. When mixed with water, a small proportion of it dissolves, forming a solution ...
(from the article "Industrial chemicals") ...finishing the bleaching process is used to produce white cloth, to prepare fabrics for other finishes, or to remove discoloration that has occurred in other processes. Chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium ...
(from the article "Processes affecting the major chemical components of groundwater") ...channels in the cell membrane, (2) regulation of cellular activity by way of intracellular chemical signals, such as cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), inositol phosphates, or calcium ions, and (3) regulation ...
(from the article "geology") There are two main branches of sedimentary petrology. One branch deals with carbonate rocks, namely limestones and dolomites, composed principally of calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite). Much ...
(from the article "polymer, inorganic") ...ion to rather complex structures containing chains and rings of three- and four-coordinated boron atoms. (See chemical bonding for a description of molecular shapes.) For example, calcium metaborate, CaB2O4, consists ...
(from the article "saltpetre") ...distinguished as (1) ordinary saltpetre, or potassium nitrate, KNO3; (2) Chile saltpetre, cubic nitre, or sodium nitrate, NaNO3; and (3) lime saltpetre, wall saltpetre, or calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2. These three ...
(from the article "nitride") There are two principal methods of preparing nitrides. One is by direct reaction of the elements (usually at elevated temperature), shown here for the synthesis of calcium nitride, Ca3N2.3Ca + ...
(from the article "Table 1: Raw Materials Used in the Manufacture of Portland Cement") Calcium oxide, also known as lime, or quicklime, CaO, is a white or grayish white solid produced in large quantities by roasting calcium carbonate so as to drive off carbon ...
(from the article "connective tissue") Like other connective tissues, bone consists of cells, fibres, and ground substance, but, in addition, the extracellular components are impregnated with minute crystals of calcium phosphate in the form of ...
(from the article "cement") The most important hydraulic constituents are the calcium silicates, C2S and C3S. Upon mixing with water, the calcium silicates react with water molecules to form calcium silicate hydrate (3CaO · ...
(from the article "calcium") Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is a naturally occurring calcium salt. It is commonly known in its dihydrate form, CaSO4·2H2O, a white or colourless powder called gypsum. As uncalcined gypsum, the sulfate ...
(from the article "crystal") ...orbitals.) Two electrons are transferred from the cations to the anions, leaving each with a closed shell. The alkaline earth chalcogenides form ionic binary crystals such as barium oxide (BaO), ...
(from the article "sedimentary rock") ...If volcanic rock fragments such as andesite and basalt are most abundant, the rock is termed a volcanic arenite. If chert and carbonate rock fragments are predominant, the name chert ...
calcium-rich duricrust, a hardened layer in or on a soil. It is formed on calcareous materials as a result of climatic fluctuations in arid and semiarid regions. Calcite is dissolved ... [2 Related Articles]
the earliest known calculator, built in 1623 by the German astronomer and mathematician Wilhelm Schickard. He described it in a letter to his friend the astronomer Johannes Kepler, and in ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "chemical bonding") There are two strands of approach to the computation of molecular structure. In the semiempirical approach, the calculation draws on a number of experimentally determined characteristics to help in the ...
