(from the article "coal mining") ...of several characteristics (e.g., ash content, heating value, and sulfur content) in the respective product streams (i.e., clean coal and the reject). Four steps need to be considered: characterization, liberation, ...
a name of a fictional character that suggests a distinctive trait of that character. Examples of charactonyms include Mistress Quickly and Sir Toby Belch.
originally a kind of riddle, probably invented in France during the 18th century, in which a word or phrase is divined by guessing and combining its different syllables, each of ...
(from the article "charadriiform") ...3 genera, approximately 11 species worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, 1 species in the Himalayas; length 29-48 cm (11-19 inches).Small to medium-sized birds. Mostly with bold ...
any member of the large group of birds that includes the sandpipers, plovers, gulls, auks, and their relatives. These birds form an important and familiar segment of the avifauna of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Charadrius") bird genus of the family Charadriidae, including certain species known as killdeer and plover (qq.v.).for more content on this topickilldeer
(from the article "Latin American music") ...rapidly through all of Latin America. Yet in practice these instruments respond to different aesthetic outlooks. In the Andean area, for example, the common charango is a ...
(from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...an autonomous city ruled by an elected senate, and it replaced Babylon as the administrative and commercial centre of the old province of Babylonia. In the south several cities, such ...
French-Canadian poet who was the primary force behind the founding of the Montreal Literary School (1895), a group of symbolists and aesthetes who reacted against the traditional Canadian themes of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sacagawea") ...to communicate with the Shoshones to acquire horses to cross the mountains, the explorers agreed that the pregnant Sacagawea should also accompany them. On Feb. 11, 1805, she gave birth ...
(from the article "Lewis and Clark Expedition") ...proceeded up the Missouri in six canoes and two pirogues. It now consisted of 33 people, including soldiers, civilians, Clark's slave York, and two newly hired interpreters-a French Canadian, Toussaint ...
(from the article "Carbonaro") Outside Italy a similar movement called the Charbonnerie had taken root in France. It participated in outbreaks in 1821, and Lafayette himself condescended to be its head. An international organization ...
(from the article "Charolais") ...into the United States from a herd in Mexico in 1936, but few were later imported because of disease problems of the breed in France. The Charolais is crossbred with ...
(from the article "Bolivia") ...with food and other basic necessities by such towns as Chuquisaca (1538; now Sucre), La Paz (1548), and Cochabamba (1571). From the 16th to the 18th century this central Andean ...
impure form of graphitic carbon (q.v.), obtained as a residue when carbonaceous material is partially burned, or heated with limited access of air. Coke, carbon black (qq.v.), and soot may ... [7 Related Articles]
use of charred sticks of wood to make finished drawings and preliminary studies. The main characteristic of charcoal as a medium is that, unless it is fixed by the application ... [1 Related Articles]
a group of inherited nerve diseases characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles of the lower parts of the extremities. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), the myelin sheath that ... [2 Related Articles]
(species Beta vulgaris variety cicla), an edible leaf beet, a variety of the beet of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), in which the leaves and leafstalks, instead of the roots, have ... [1 Related Articles]
French painter of still lifes and domestic scenes remarkable for their intimate realism and tranquil atmosphere and the luminous quality of their paint. For his still lifes he chose humble ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Chablis") classic white wine of France, made from chardonnay grapes grown in strictly delimited areas surrounding the village of Chablis and along the Serein River in the district of Yonne in ...
(from the article "Chardonnet, Hilaire Bernigaud, comte de") ...de la Soie de Chardonnet ("Society of the Silk of Chardonnet") in Besancon, which in 1891 began to produce the world's first commercially made synthetic fibre, sometimes called Chardonnet silk ...
oblast (province), southeastern Turkmenistan, with an area of 36,200 square miles (93,800 square km). It lies along the middle reaches of the Amu Darya (river), with the Kara-Kum Desert on ...
city and administrative centre, Chardzhou oblast (province), Turkmenistan, on the Amu Darya (river). The second largest city in Turkmenistan, it was founded as a Russian military settlement when the Transcaspian ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") In 1859, Johann Karl Buschmann, a German philologist, correctly identified all the then-known Uto-Aztecan languages as forming a family. In 1883 a French philologist, Hyacinthe de Charencey, divided Uto-Aztecan into ...
(from the article "Poitou-Charentes") region of France encompassing the western departements of Vienne, Charente, Charente-Maritime, and Deux-Sevres. Poitou-Charentes is bounded by the regions of Pays ...
river in western France, about 225 miles (360 km) long, rising near Rochechouart in the Limousin uplands (Haute-Vienne departement), on the margin of the Massif Central, and flowing generally westward ...
(from the article "Poitou-Charentes") region of France encompassing the western departements of Vienne, Charente, Charente-Maritime, and Deux-Sevres. Poitou-Charentes is bounded by the regions of Pays ...
town, a southeastern suburb of Paris, in Val-de-Marne departement, Ile-de-France region, north-central France, at the confluence of the Seine and Marne rivers immediately southwest of the Bois ...
ancient Greek sculptor who created the Colossus of Rhodes, usually counted among the Seven Wonders of the World. A pupil of the sculptor Lysippus, Chares fashioned for the Rhodians a ... [1 Related Articles]
In March 1998 charismatic Canadian politician Jean Charest abandoned the federal government and the Progressive Conservative Party (PCP) to assume the leadership of the Quebec Liberal Party (QLP). His move ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "heredity") ...and plants have different proportions of the four nucleotides. Some are relatively richer in adenine and thymine, while others have more guanine and cytosine. However, it was found by biochemist ...
(from the article "crime") ...in U.S. states has followed a pattern derived from English traditions and principles with many variations. Prosecutors (district attorneys), serving as the key courtroom figure, establish the charges, which in ...
(from the article "heraldry") The field is said to be "charged" with an object. Heraldic objects are of a large and increasing variety; as more arms are devised, new objects appear as charges-telescopes, aircraft, ...
(from the article "electricity") ...show an extremely large variation in the capability of different materials to conduct electricity. The principal reason for the large variation is the wide range in the availability and mobility ...
in particle physics, an operation that replaces particles with antiparticles (and vice versa) in equations describing subatomic particles. The name charge conjugation arises because a given particle and its antiparticle ... [2 Related Articles]
in physics, constancy of the total electric charge in the universe or in any specific chemical or nuclear reaction. The total charge in any closed system never changes, at least ... [7 Related Articles]
the lowest rank of diplomatic representative recognized under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961). A charge d'affaires is usually accredited to the foreign minister of the country in which ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "diplomacy") ...and other heads of missions of equivalent rank, (2) envoys, ministers, and internuncios accredited to heads of state, and (3) charges d'affaires accredited to ministers of foreign affairs. A charge ...
(from the article "geomagnetic field") The particles of the ring current have a finite lifetime before being lost to the Earth's atmosphere. Two processes-charge exchange and wave-particle interactions-contribute to this loss. Charge exchange is a ...
(from the article "radiation") ...it captures an electron, which it quickly loses. As it slows down, however, the cross section of electron loss decreases relative to that for capture. Basically, the impinging ion undergoes ...
(from the article "electroluminescence") There are two distinct mechanisms that can produce electroluminescence in crystals: pure or intrinsic and charge injection. The principal differences between the two mechanisms are that in the first, no ...
(from the article "telescope") Today, most large observatories use CCDs to record data electronically. Another similar device, the charge injection device, is sometimes employed. The basic difference between the CID and the CCD is ...
(from the article "television") ...the layer allow positive charge from the signal plate (which is maintained at a positive voltage) to pass through the layer, and this current continues to flow during the interval ...
(from the article "mass spectrometry") ...electron bombardment. The ionized methane (CH4+) reacts to form CH5+, which in turn reacts to ionize the sample gas by proton or charge transfer. This process is called chemical ionization, ...
(from the article "astronomy") ...intervals can be followed and their pulse shapes monitored. The arrival of individual photons can be recorded with photomultiplier tubes or with more advanced and sensitive detectors, such as charge-coupled ...
(from the article "halogen element") ...that it combines with various Lewis bases. The interaction is weak, however, and few solid complex compounds have been isolated. The complexes are easily detected in solution and are referred ...
(from the article "radiation") The charge-transfer state is an excited state. In a certain sense, electronic excitation involves motion of an electron from a lower orbit to a higher one. Quantum mechanics notes that ...
(from the article "radiation measurement") The term heavy charged particle refers to those energetic particles whose mass is one atomic mass unit or greater. This category includes alpha particles, together with protons, deuterons, fission fragments, ...
(from the article "fusion reactor") ...to tremendous density and temperature so that fusion power is produced in the few nanoseconds before the pellet blows apart. The compression is accomplished by focusing an intense laser beam ...
(from the article "small arm") ...five cartridges and fed them up into the chamber through the action of a spring as each spent case was ejected. Other magazine rifles, such as the Mauser, used a ...
(from the article "Massachusetts") ...of the hills; there is a body of water in almost every one of the more than 350 communities. Many bear long Indian names, most notably Lake Chaubunagungamaug (in Webster), ...
principal tributary feeding Lake Chad in north-central Africa. It flows through Chad and the Central African Republic and is formed by the Bamingui (its true headstream), the Gribingui, and the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Designations and classification of the Nilo-Saharan languages") ...Because many of the languages included in this family were located in the watersheds of the Chari and Nile rivers or in the areas between them, the name Macro-Sudanic was ...
Merovingian king of the Franks, the eldest son of Chlotar I and Ingund. He shared in the partition of the Frankish kingdom that followed his father's death in 561, receiving ... [2 Related Articles]
king of Aquitaine from 630. On the death of his father, Chlotar II, in 629, the entire Frankish realm went to his brother, Dagobert I, but Dagobert ceded to him ...
Greek mercenary leader from Euboea who fought sometimes on the side of the Athenians, at other times on the side of their enemies. He served under the Athenian general Iphicrates ...
city, east-central Afghanistan, at an altitude of 5,250 ft (1,600 m). The city lies on the road from Kabul (the national capital, 40 mi [65 km] south) to the northern ...
locality in the City of Westminster, London. It is situated at the busy intersection of the streets called the Strand and Whitehall, just south of Trafalgar Square. The name derives ...
open, two- or four-wheeled vehicle of antiquity, probably first used in royal funeral processions and later employed in warfare, racing, and hunting. The chariot apparently originated in Mesopotamia in about ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "Orissa") The town of Puri is the site of the Jagannatha temple, perhaps the most famous Hindu shrine in India, and of the temple's annual Chariot Festival, which attracts hundreds of ...
in the ancient world, a popular form of contest between small, two-wheeled vehicles drawn by two-, four-, or six-horse teams. The earliest account of a chariot race occurs in Homer's ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "theatre") The final step in scene-shifting was introduced by Giacomo Torelli in 1641, when he perfected the chariot-and-pole system. According to this system, slots were cut in the stage floor to ...
attribute of astonishing power and capacity ascribed to the person and personality of extraordinarily magnetic leaders. Such leaders may be political and secular as well as religious. They challenge the ...
(from the article "Christianity") As the uncontrollable principle of life in the church, the Holy Spirit considerably upset Christian congregations from the very outset. Paul struggled to restrict the anarchist elements, which are connected ...
(from the article "social change") ...movements. This in itself might be regarded as a potential cause of social change. Weber called attention to this factor in conjunction with his concept of "charismatic leadership." The charismatic ...
(from the article "fundamentalism") ...members of the Christian Coalition, the most influential organization of the Christian Right in the 1990s-including its one-time president Pat Robertson-identified themselves as "charismatic Evangelicals" (see Evangelical church). Although charismatics ...
American dancer and actress won acclaim for her glamorous looks and sensual, technically flawless dancing in a handful of 1950s movie musicals, notably The Band Wagon (1953) and Silk Stockings ...
(from the article "income tax") The justification for deduction of contributions to religious, charitable, educational, and cultural organizations is usually found in the encouragement of socially desirable activities rather than in any allowance for differences ...
Greek novelist, author of Chaereas and Callirhoe, probably the earliest fully extant romantic novel in Western literature. The romances of Chariton and of Achilles Tatius are the only ones preserved ...
in Christian thought, the highest form of love, signifying the reciprocal love between God and man that is made manifest in unselfish love of one's fellow men. St. Paul's classical ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Christianity") ...major perspectives, which have historically overlapped and sometimes coexisted in mutuality or contradiction. The first perspective, both chronologically and in continuing popularity, is personal charity. This was the predominant form ...
(from the article "Louisiana") The so-called Charity Hospital system, supported and administered by the state, is fairly unusual among the 50 states. The system maintains several general and psychiatric hospitals. The Charity Hospital of ...
a Roman Catholic religious congregation founded at Paris in 1633 by St. Vincent de Paul and St. Louise de Marillac. The congregation was a radical innovation by 17th-century standards; it ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Clarke, Mary Frances") ...Catholic children in Dublin. In 1833 the five women immigrated to the United States and began teaching in Philadelphia. They formally organized themselves on All Saints Day, November 1, 1833, ...
type of English elementary school that emerged in the early 18th century to educate the children of the poor. They became the foundation of 19th-century English elementary education. Supported by ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio") Italian religious philosopher and founder of the Institute of Charity, or Rosminians, a Roman Catholic religious organization for educational and charitable work.
any of numerous Roman Catholic congregations of noncloistered women who are engaged in a wide variety of active works, especially teaching and nursing. Many of these congregations follow a rule ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Canadian literature") ...[1973; "Urges"]) created a poetry of intimacy and desire rooted in everyday life. But as published poetry became more esoteric, the general public turned to chansonniers such as Robert Charlebois, ...
fusion of folktale motifs, pious exempla, and hero tales that became attached to Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor of the West, who assumed almost legendary stature even before ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Belgium") ...important ports are Zeebrugge-Brugge, Ostend, Ghent, and Brussels. Navigable inland waterways include the Meuse and the Schelde, which are navigable throughout their length in Belgium. A canal from Charleroi to ...
count of Flanders (1119-27), only son of St. Canute, or Canute IV of Denmark, by Adela, daughter of Robert I the Frisian, count of Flanders. After the assassination of Canute ... [2 Related Articles]
king of a troubled Portugal that was beset by colonial disputes, grave economic difficulties, and political unrest during his reign (1889-1908). [3 Related Articles]
county, southern Maryland, U.S., bounded by the Potomac River to the south and west, Mattawoman Creek to the north, and the Patuxent and Wicomico rivers to the east. It is ...
third son of the Frankish emperor Lothar I. Upon his father's death (855) he inherited the Rhone valley of Burgundy and Provence. He was the first king of Provence, but ... [1 Related Articles]
emperor (Kaiser) of Austria and, as Charles IV, king of Hungary, the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (Nov. 21, 1916-Nov. 11, 1918). [9 Related Articles]
king of Sardinia-Piedmont (1831-49) during the turbulent period of the Risorgimento, the movement for the unification of Italy. His political vacillations make him an enigmatic personality. [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "Charles XIII") ...aged and childless, was elected king in his place, but by the end of 1809 he was in failing health. The Riksdag (parliament) provided for the succession by naming Duke ...
Grossherzog (grand duke) of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, an enlightened ruler, and patron of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He made his court and the University of Jena leading intellectual centres of Germany during ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Prague") ...later to attract scholars and students from throughout the Continent. His reign also saw the growth of the planned New Town (Nove mesto) adjacent to the Old Town; construction of ...
