| | - Cahita
- group of North American Indian tribes that inhabited the northwest coast of Mexico along the lower courses of the Sinaloa, Fuerte, Mayo, and Yaqui rivers. They spoke about 18 closely ...
- Cahita language
- (from the article "Cahita") ...North American Indian tribes that inhabited the northwest coast of Mexico along the lower courses of the Sinaloa, Fuerte, Mayo, and Yaqui rivers. They spoke about 18 closely related dialects ...
- Cahn, Sammy
- American lyricist who, in collaboration with such composers as Saul Chaplin, Jule Styne, and Jimmy Van Heusen, wrote songs that won four Academy Awards and became number one hits for ... [6 Related Articles]
- Cahn-Ingold-Prelog
- (from the article "Prelog, Vladimir") ...configurations (like a person's right and left hands). With Robert Cahn and Sir Christopher Ingold, he developed a nomenclature for describing complex organic compounds. This system, known as CIP, provided ...
- Cahokia
- village, St. Clair county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1699 by Quebec missionaries and named for a tribe of Illinois ...
- Cahokia Mounds
- archaeological site occupying some 5 square miles (13 square km) on the Mississippi River floodplain opposite St. Louis, Missouri, near Cahokia and Collinsville, southwestern Illinois, U.S. The site originally consisted ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site
- (from the article "Cahokia Mounds") ...The site originally consisted of about 120 mounds spread over 6 square miles (16 square km), but some of the mounds and other ancient features have been destroyed. Some 70 ...
- Cahora Bassa
- arch dam and hydroelectric facility on the Zambezi River in western Mozambique. The dam, located about 80 miles (125 km) northwest of Tete, is 560 feet (171 m) high and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Cahora Bassa
- (from the article "Africa") ...movements, that caused ridges to be formed across the courses of the major rivers. Waterfalls are often found where the rivers are still engaged in cutting downward as they flow ...
- Cahora Bassa, Lake
- (from the article "Cahora Bassa") The dam impounds Lake Cahora Bassa, which is 150 miles (240 km) long and 19 miles (31 km) wide at its widest point. The lake has a capacity of 51,075,000 ...
- Cahors
- town, capital of Lot departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, formerly capital of Quercy province, southern France. It is situated on a rocky peninsula surrounded by the ...
- cahow
- (from the article "petrel") Some of the better known gadfly petrels are the endangered Bermuda petrel, or cahow (Pterodroma cahow, sometimes considered a race of P. hasitata); the dark-rumped petrel, also called the Hawaiian ...
- Cahuachi
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") In the time of the Nazca style what has been described as a small city was located in each of the south-coast valleys of Pisco, Ica, Nazca, and Acari. At ...
- Cahuilla
- North American Indian tribe that spoke a Uto-Aztecan language. They originally lived in what is now southern California, in an inland basin of desert plains and rugged canyons south of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cai Lun
- Chinese court official who is traditionally credited with the invention of paper. [1 Related Articles]
- cai luong
- Vietnamese theatre style, the term meaning reformed or renewed theatre. It evolved during the French colonial period of Vietnam's history (1862-1954) and clearly showed the influence of European drama. It ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cai Yuanpei
- educator and revolutionary who served as head of Peking University in Beijing from 1916 to 1926 during the critical period when that institution played a major role in the development ... [1 Related Articles]
- Caiaphas
- (from the article "Jesus Christ") ...prefect and the local populace, which was hostile toward pagans and wanted to be free of foreign interference. His political responsibility was to maintain order and to see that tribute ...
- Caibarien
- port city, central Cuba. Caibarien is a major centre for the collection and distribution of goods from the agricultural hinterland, which produces mainly sugarcane, tobacco, and fruit. Sponge fishing is ...
- Caillaux, Joseph
- French statesman who was an early supporter of a national income tax and whose opposition to World War I led to his imprisonment for treason in 1920. [1 Related Articles]
- cailleac
- (from the article "Harvest Home") ...antiquity and surviving to modern times in isolated regions. Participants celebrate the last day of harvest in late September by singing, shouting, and decorating the village with boughs. The cailleac, ...
- Caillebotte, Gustave
- French painter, art collector, and impresario who combined aspects of the academic and Impressionist styles in a unique synthesis.
- Cailletet, Louis-Paul
- French physicist and ironmaster, noted for his work on the liquefaction of gases.
- Caillie, Rene-Auguste
- the first European to survive a journey to the West African city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu). [3 Related Articles]
- Caillois, Roger
- (from the article "sacred") Not only is there an ambivalence in the individual's reaction to the numinous quality of the sacred but the restrictions, the tabus, can be expressive of the creative power of ...
- Cailloux, Bernd
- (from the article "Literature") Bernd Cailloux's novel Das Geschaftsjahr 1968/69, like Missfeldt's Steilkuste, was an attempt to come to terms with German history-but in this case with the history of Cailloux's so-called 1968 generation, ...
- Caiman
- (from the article "caiman") Caimans are placed in three genera: Caiman includes the broad-snouted (C. latirostris) and spectacled (C. crocodilus) caimans; Melanosuchus, the black caiman (M. niger); and Paleosuchus, two species (P. trigonatus and ...
- caiman
- any of several species of Central and South American reptiles that are related to alligators and are usually placed with them in the family Alligatoridae. Caimans, like all other members ...
- caiman lizard
- any member of a genus (Dracaena) of lizards in the family Teiidae. These lizards (D. guianensis and D. paraguayensis) are found streamside in forested areas of South America. D. guianensis ...
- Cain
- in the Old Testament, first-born son of Adam and Eve, who murdered his brother Abel (Genesis 4:1-16). Cain, a farmer, became enraged when the Lord accepted the offering of his ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cain, James M.
- novelist whose violent, sexually obsessed, and relentlessly paced melodramas epitomized the "hard-boiled" school of writing that flourished in the United States in the 1930s and '40s. Three classics of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cain, John, Jr.
- (from the article "Victoria") Bolte was succeeded as premier by two other Liberals, Sir Rupert Hamer (1972-81) and Lindsay Thompson, who was defeated by Labor's John Cain, Jr. Cain's administration (1982-90) was marked by ...
- Caine Prize for African Writing
- (from the article "World Literary Prizes 2007") ...to his highly acclaimed childhood memoir Ake (1981). Compatriot Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie published her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun, and Segun Afolabi garnered the 2005 Caine Prize for ...
- Caine, Sir Hall
- British writer known for his popular novels combining sentiment, moral fervour, skillfully suggested local atmosphere, and strong characterization.
- Caine, Sir Michael
- internationally successful British motion-picture actor renowned for his versatility in numerous leading and character roles. [1 Related Articles]
- Caingang
- (from the article "group marriage") ...extremely rare; nowhere does it appear to have existed as the prevailing form of marital arrangement. Of the 250 societies reported by the American anthropologist George P. Murdock (1949), only ...
- Cainite
- member of a Gnostic sect mentioned by Irenaeus and other early Christian writers as flourishing in the 2nd century AD, probably in the eastern area of the Roman Empire. The ...
- Cains, Thomas
- (from the article "glassware") Fine lead glass in the New England area was first successfully made in the South Boston works of the Boston Crown Glass Company. Thomas Cains was making flint glass there ...
- Caiophora
- (from the article "Loasaceae") ...hairs that can result in discomfort for days; its oddly formed flowers have five pouchlike yellow petals covering united stamens and distinctive large coloured nectaries. The closely related Caiophora (or ...
- Caird, Edward
- philosopher and leader in Britain of the Neo-Hegelian school. [2 Related Articles]
- Caird, John
- British theologian and preacher, and an exponent of theism in Hegelian terms.
- Cairene rug
- Egyptian floor covering believed to have been made in or near Cairo from at least as early as the 15th century to the 18th. The early production, under the Mamluk ...
- cairn
- a pile of stones that is used as a boundary marker, a memorial, or a burial site. Cairns are usually conical in shape and were often erected on high ground. ...
- Cairn Gorm
- (from the article "Glenmore") ...north-central Scotland. Established in 1948 and comprising 12,000 acres (5,000 hectares), the park extends upward from 1,000 feet (300 metres) near the town of Aviemore to include the summit of ...
- cairn terrier
- working terrier breed developed in Scotland to rout vermin from cairns (rock piles). The modern breed's characteristics are carefully patterned on those of the dog's ancestor, a 17th-century terrier of ...
- Cairncross, John
- British government official who was identified in 1991 as the long-sought "fifth man" in the notorious Soviet spy ring that included Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, Donald MacLean, and Anthony Blunt ...
- Cairnes, John Elliott
- Irish economist who restated the key doctrines of the English classical school in his last and largest work, Some Leading Principles of Political Economy Newly Expounded (1874).
- Cairngorm Mountains
- highest mountain massif in the British Isles, named after one of its peaks-Cairn Gorm, with an elevation of 4,084 feet (1,245 metres)-part of the Grampian Mountains in the Highlands of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cairngorms National Nature Reserve
- (from the article "Cairngorm Mountains") ...Mountains, centred on the town of Aviemore, has developed and expanded rapidly since World War II. Recreational activities include skiing, ice and rock climbing, and pony trekking. The associated Cairngorms ...
- Cairns
- city and port, northeastern Queensland, Australia, on Trinity Inlet of Trinity Bay. Founded in the 1870s as a government customs collection point, it grew in the late 19th century as ...
- Cairns, James Ford
- Australian left-wing politician (b. Oct. 4, 1914, Melbourne, Australia-d. Oct. 12, 2003, Melbourne), was best known for his passionate antiwar activism. Cairns was first elected to Parliament in 1955 and ...
- Cairo
- city, capital of Egypt, and one of the largest cities in Africa. Cairo has stood for more than 1,000 years on the same site on the banks of the Nile, ... [17 Related Articles]
- Cairo
- city, seat (1860) of Alexander county, extreme southern Illinois, U.S. The city stands on a low-lying delta at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Bridges over both rivers ...
- Cairo Conference
- (November-December 1943), either of two meetings of Allied leaders held in Cairo during World War II. At the first Cairo Conference (November 22-26), British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. ... [4 Related Articles]
- Cairo Conferences
- (from the article "Iraq") ...to confirm the nomination. Sir Percy Cox, recently appointed a high commissioner for Iraq, was responsible for carrying out the plebiscite. A provisional government set up by Cox shortly before ...
- Cairo Declaration
- (from the article "China") ...The campaign to open a land route across northern Burma had run into serious difficulty. At the first Cairo Conference in November, Chiang met Churchill and Roosevelt for the first ...
- Cairo Prophets
- (from the article "biblical literature") The earliest extant Hebrew Bible codex is the Cairo Prophets written and punctuated by Moses ben Asher in Tiberias (in Palestine) in 895. Next in age is the Leningrad Codex ...
- Cairo spiny mouse
- (from the article "African spiny mouse") ...Depending upon the species, fur covering the upperparts may be gray, grayish yellow, brownish red, or reddish. Black (melanistic) individuals occur in populations of the golden spiny mouse and the ...
- Cairoli, Benedetto
- politician, leader of the left during the Risorgimento, and three times premier of united Italy.
- Caisse de la Dette Publique
- (from the article "Egypt") ...in the last years of Isma'il's reign. Various expedients to postpone bankruptcy (e.g., the khedive's sale in 1875 of his Suez Canal shares to Britain) had failed, and in 1876 ...
- caisson
- in engineering, boxlike structure used in construction work underwater or as a foundation. It is usually rectangular or circular in plan and may be tens of metres in diameter. [8 Related Articles]
- Caitanya
- Hindu mystic whose mode of worshipping the god Krishna (Krsna) with ecstatic song and dance had a profound effect on Vaisnavism in Bengal. [8 Related Articles]
- Caitanya sect
- intensely emotional form of Hinduism that has flourished from the 16th century, mainly in Bengal and eastern Orissa, India. It takes its name from the medieval saint Caitanya (Chaitanya; 1485-1533), ... [2 Related Articles]
- Caithness
- historic county in extreme northern Scotland, facing the Atlantic Ocean and the Pentland Firth (which separates it from the Orkney Islands) on the north and the North Sea on the ...
- caitya
- (Sanskrit: "that which is worthy to be gazed upon," thus "worshipful"), in Buddhism, a sacred place or object. Originally, caityas were said to be the natural homes of earth spirits ... [1 Related Articles]
- caityagrha
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...were often placed in a circular building with a domical metal and timber roof supported by concentric rows of stone pillars. This type of building, known in ancient India as ...
- Caius, John
- prominent Humanist and physician whose classic account of the English sweating sickness is considered one of the earliest histories of an epidemic. [3 Related Articles]
- caja de ahorros
- (from the article "Spain") Spain has a second distinct set of banks known as cajas de ahorros (savings banks), which account for about half of the country's total savings deposits and ...
- Cajamarca
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The Cajamarca Basin is the site of a pottery style (called cursive) that was entirely independent of known outside influences and that spanned at least the Early Intermediate Period and ...
- Cajamarca
- city, northern Peru, lying at 9,022 feet (2,750 metres) above sea level on the Cajamarca River. An ancient Inca city, it was the site of the capture, ransom, and execution ... [2 Related Articles]
- cajeput oil
- (from the article "paperbark tree") ...a height of 8 metres (25 feet); it has spongy white bark that peels off in thin layers. M. leucadendron, also called river tea tree, is sometimes confused with the ...
- Cajetan
- one of the major Catholic theologians of the Thomist school. [2 Related Articles]
- Cajetan of Thiene, Saint
- Venetian priest who co-founded the Theatine order and became an important figure of the Catholic Reformation. [1 Related Articles]
- cajon de tajpeo
- (from the article "Native American music") ...also play Spanish instruments such as the violin, guitar, and harp. In addition, the Mixtec have adopted certain percussion instruments introduced by African peoples; these include the cajon de tapeo, ...
- Cajori, Florian
- Swiss-born U.S. educator and mathematician whose works on the history of mathematics were among the most eminent of his time. [1 Related Articles]
- cajuave
- (from the article "Native American music") ...Musical bows continue to be played by some native peoples from Mexico and South America. Peoples of the Chaco region in the Southern Cone have a musical bow called the ...
- Cajun
- descendant of French Canadians whom the British, in the 18th century, drove from the captured French colony of Acadia (now Nova Scotia and adjacent areas) and who settled in the ...
- Cakchiquel
- Mayan Indian people of the midwestern highlands of Guatemala, closely related linguistically and culturally to the neighbouring Quiche and Tzutujil (qq.v.). They are agricultural, and their culture and religion are ... [3 Related Articles]
- Cakchiquel language
- member of the Quiche group of Mayan languages, spoken in central Guatemala. Closely related to and sometimes considered simply a dialect of Cakchiquel is Tzutujil (Zutuhil), spoken in the same ...
- cake
- in general, any of a variety of breads, shortened or unshortened, usually shaped by the tin in which it is baked; more specifically, a sweetened bread, often rich or delicate. [3 Related Articles]
- cake flour
- (from the article "flour") ...flour, a starch-free, high-protein, whole wheat flour; all-purpose flour, refined (separated from bran and germ), bleached or unbleached, and suitable for any recipe not requiring a special flour; cake flour, ...
- cake urchin
- any of the echinoid marine invertebrates of the order Clypeastroida (phylum Echinodermata), in which the body is flattened. The surface is covered with short spines (often furlike) and inconspicuous pedicellariae ...
- cakewalk
- couple dance that became a popular stage act for virtuoso dancers as well as a craze in fashionable ballrooms around 1900. Couples formed a square with the men on the ... [2 Related Articles]
- caking coal
- (from the article "coal utilization") When many bituminous coals are heated, they soften and form a plastic mass that swells and resolidifies into a porous solid. Coals that exhibit such behaviour are called caking coals. ...
- Cakmak, Fevzi
- Turkish marshal and statesman who played a leading role in the establishment of the Turkish Republic.
- Cakobau
- (from the article "Pacific Islands") In Melanesia events transpired differently. In Fiji the missionaries who landed in 1835, accompanied by an envoy from George of Tonga, made no headway with the rising chief Cakobau, who ...
- cakravala cakravartin
- (from the article "chakravartin") Buddhist and Jaina sources distinguish three types of secular chakravartin: cakravala cakravartin, a king who rules over all four of the continents posited by ancient Indian cosmography; dvipa cakravartin, a ...
- Caks, Aleksandrs
- (from the article "Latvian literature") Several poets were still influenced or inspired by folk songs, but Aleksandrs Caks (pseudonym of Aleksandrs Cadarainis) created a new tradition, describing in free verse, with exaggerated images, the atmosphere ...
- Cakste, Janis
- patriot and president (1922-27) of the Republic of Latvia, who, through political activity in Latvia and Russia and on diplomatic missions to the West, helped spearhead Latvia's struggle for independence.
- Calabar
- town and port, capital of Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria. It lies along the Calabar River, 5 miles (8 km) upstream from that river's entrance into the Cross River estuary. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Calabar bean
- (from the article "Calabar") ...120 miles [193 km] west) was originally given by 15th-century Portuguese navigators to the African inhabitants of that part of the Gulf of Guinea coast. This region was the main ...
- calabash tree
- (Crescentia cujete), tree of the family Bignoniaceae, 6 to 12 metres (20 to 40 feet) tall, that grows in Central and South America, the West Indies, and extreme southern Florida. ...
- calabazilla
- (Cucurbita foetidissima), perennial prostrate vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to southwestern North America. A calabazilla has triangular, long-stalked, finely toothed leaves, yellow flowers about 6.3 to 10.2 cm ...
- Calabozo
- city, Guarico estado (state), central Venezuela. It lies along the Guarico River, 110 miles (180 km) south-southwest of Caracas, on a piedmont plain between the mountains and the Llanos (plains). ...
- Calabresi, Guido
- (from the article "tort") Very different was the theory of general deterrence principally argued by the U.S. legal scholar and judge Guido Calabresi in The Cost of Accidents (1970). In Calabresi's ...
- Calabria
- regione, southern Italy, composed of the province of Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio di Calabria, and Vibo Valentia. Sometimes referred to as the "toe" of the Italian "boot," Calabria is a ... [6 Related Articles]
- Calabrian Apennines
- (from the article "Apennine Range") ...elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines, 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the Lucanian Apennines, 7,438 feet at Mount Pollino; ...
- Calabrian expedition of 1844
- (from the article "Italy") In the early 1840s, renewed Mazzinian attempts at armed rebellion were ruthlessly suppressed. Among these was the Calabrian expedition of 1844, organized by the Venetian Bandiera brothers and seven of ...
- Calabrian Stage
- a name given by many geologists to the rock layer whose base defines the beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch, approximately 1.8 million years ago. As defined in 1985, the global ... [1 Related Articles]
- Caladium
- (from the article "houseplant") ...and a succession of flowerlike leaves (spathes), usually white. Species of Anthurium, many of which, such as the flamingo flower, have colourful spathes, do best in humid conditions. Caladium's tropical ...
- Calah
- ancient Assyrian city situated south of Mosul in northern Iraq. The city was first excavated by A.H. Layard during 1845-51 and afterward principally by M.E.L. (later Sir Max) Mallowan (1949-58). [7 Related Articles]
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