| | - cementation
- in geology, hardening and welding of clastic sediments (those formed from preexisting rock fragments) by the precipitation of mineral matter in the pore spaces. It is the last stage in ... [2 Related Articles]
- cemented carbide
- (from the article "powder metallurgy") ...two or more metals with a lubricant and then pressed or briquetted by a hard steel die. Refractory metals, those with high melting points, are compacted with an added binder, ...
- cementite
- (from the article "iron processing") ...carbon (the majority lying in the range of 0.01 to 1.2 percent), and cast irons with 2 to 4 percent carbon. At the carbon contents typical of steels, iron carbide ...
- cementoblast
- (from the article "cementum") ...material covering the roots and sometimes other parts of the teeth of mammals. Cementum is yellowish and softer than either dentine or enamel. It is made by a layer of ...
- cementum
- in anatomy, thin layer of bonelike material covering the roots and sometimes other parts of the teeth of mammals. Cementum is yellowish and softer than either dentine or enamel. It ... [1 Related Articles]
- cemetery
- place set apart for burial or entombment of the dead. Reflecting geography, religious beliefs, social attitudes, and aesthetic and sanitary considerations, cemeteries may be simple or elaborate-built with a grandeur ... [4 Related Articles]
- Cemetery H
- (from the article "India") An intriguing development occurs along the Saraswati valley: there the early Post-Urban stage is associated with the pottery known from the Cemetery H at Harappa. This coincides with a major ...
- Cen Shen
- one of the celebrated poets of the Tang dynasty (618-907) of China.
- cenacle
- a literary coterie formed around various of the early leaders of the Romantic movement in France, replacing the salon as a place for writers to read and discuss their works. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cenci, Beatrice
- young Roman noblewoman whose condemnation to death by Pope Clement VIII aroused public sympathy and became the subject of poems, dramas, and novels, including The Cenci (1819) by Percy Bysshe ...
- Cenci, Francesco
- (from the article "Cenci, Beatrice") Beatrice was the daughter (by his first wife) of Francesco Cenci, a vicious and violent Roman nobleman of great wealth and influence. In 1595 he took his second wife, Lucrezia, ...
- Cendrars, Blaise
- French-speaking poet and essayist who created a powerful new poetic style to express a life of action and danger. His poems Paques a New York (1912; "Easter in New York") ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cenel nEogain
- (from the article "Ireland") ...Connaught, and Meath. Later they claimed to be kings of all of Ireland, although their power rarely extended over Munster or the greater part of Leinster. Two branches of Niall's ...
- Ceni, Rogerio
- (from the article "Football") ...Internacional defeated cup defender Sao Paulo Football Club 4-3 on aggregate (2-1, 2-2). Sao Paulo easily won the Brazilian national championship, and goalkeeper Rogerio Ceni-who had played more than 700 ...
- Cenis, Mount
- massif and pass over the French Alps to Italy, Savoie departement, southeastern France, northeast of Briancon and west of the Italian city of Turin. The pass, an invasion route from ...
- Cennini, Cennino
- late Gothic Florentine painter who perpetuated the traditions of Giotto, which he received from his teacher Agnolo Gaddi. He is best known for writing Il libro dell'arte (1437; The Craftsman's ... [1 Related Articles]
- cenobitic monasticism
- form of monasticism based on "life in common" (Greek koinobion), characterized by strict discipline, regular worship, and manual work. St. Pachomius was the author of the first cenobitic rule, which ... [6 Related Articles]
- Cenomani
- a Celtic people of Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy) who, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, allied with the Romans against other Gallic tribes. After first joining the uprising led ...
- Cenomanian Stage
- first of six main divisions (in ascending order) in the Upper Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Cenomanian Age, which occurred 99.6 to 93.5 million years ago during ... [2 Related Articles]
- cenotaph
- (from Greek kenotaphion, "empty tomb"), monument, sometimes in the form of a tomb, to a person who is buried elsewhere. Greek writings indicate that the ancients erected many cenotaphs, including ... [1 Related Articles]
- cenote
- (from Maya dz'onot), natural well or reservoir, common in the Yucatan Peninsula, formed when a limestone surface collapses, exposing water underneath. The major source of water in modern and ancient ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cenote, cult of the
- (from the article "Chichen Itza") A legendary tradition at Chichen was the Cult of the Cenote, involving human sacrifice to the rain god, in which victims were thrown into the city's major cenote (at the ...
- Cenozoic Era
- third of the major eras of the Earth's history, beginning about 65.5 million years ago and extending to the present. It was the interval of time during which the continents ... [14 Related Articles]
- censives
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...a commoner. It had two parts. The domaine was the house with its grounds: there were usually a church and a mill, but not necessarily fields and woods, for those ...
- censor
- in traditional East Asia, governmental official charged primarily with the responsibility for scrutinizing and criticizing the conduct of officials and rulers. [4 Related Articles]
- censor
- in ancient Rome, a magistrate whose original functions of registering citizens and their property were greatly expanded to include supervision of senatorial rolls and moral conduct. Censors also assessed property ... [4 Related Articles]
- censorship
- the changing or the suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is condemned as subversive of the common good. It occurs in all manifestations of authority to some degree, ... [62 Related Articles]
- census
- an enumeration of people, houses, firms, or other important items in a country or region at a particular time. Used alone, the term usually refers to a population census-the type ... [10 Related Articles]
- census moment
- (from the article "census") In addition to being precise as to territory, the census must be precise as to time; accordingly, a specific moment is almost always selected. This "census moment," often fixed at ...
- Census of Marine Life
- Marine scientists reported in 2006 that the diversity of microscopic marine organisms in the oceans was 10 to 100 times greater than previously estimated and noted that some seawater samples ... [1 Related Articles]
- census tabulator
- (from the article "Hollerith, Herman") ...Institute of Technology, Cambridge; experimented on air brakes; and worked for the Patent Office in Washington, D.C. During all this time he was occupied with the problem of automating the ...
- Centaur
- in Greek mythology, a race of creatures, part horse and part man, dwelling in the mountains of Thessaly and Arcadia. Traditionally they were the offspring of Ixion, king of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Centaur
- (from the article "typography") ...the Bible ever issued in English; his smaller and less ambitious efforts, often decorated with the typographic ornament at which he was a master, possess enormous wit and charm. His ...
- Centaur
- (from the article "Atlas rocket") ...Atlas-Agena rocket is used for launching lunar and planetary probes, as well as Earth-orbiting satellites, such as Seasat, where the Agena is also the spacecraft. Atlas-Centaur, or Centaur, combines the ...
- Centaur object
- any of a population of small bodies, similar to asteroids in size but to comets in composition, that revolve around the Sun in the outer solar system, mainly between the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Centaurea
- genus of about 500 species of herbaceous plants of the composite family (Asteraceae). Most are native to the Old World and chiefly centred in the Mediterranean region.
- Centaurus A
- (from the article "galaxy") The basic characteristics of radio galaxies and the variations that exist among them can be made clear with two examples. The first is Centaurus A, a giant radio structure surrounding ...
- Centaury
- (from the article "Gentianaceae") Centaury (Centaurium) has pink flowers that close in the afternoon; yellow-wort (Blackstonia) has bright yellow flowers and broad leaves. Both genera contain species used in herbal remedies and in the ...
- Centenary Hall
- (from the article "building construction") Concrete was also applied to long-span buildings, an early example being the Centennial Hall (1913) at Breslau, Ger. (now Wroclaw, Pol.), by the architect Max Berg and the engineers Dyckerhoff ...
- Centenius, Gaius
- (from the article "Hannibal") ...and the opposite hills, Hannibal's troops from their prepared positions all but annihilated it, killing thousands and driving others to drown in the lake. Reinforcements of about 4,000 cavalry under ...
- centennial-scale climate variation
- (from the article "climate change") Historical records as well as proxy records (particularly tree rings, corals, and ice cores) indicate that climate has changed during the past 1,000 years at centennial timescales; that is, no ...
- Centeotl
- (from the article "Chicomecoatl") ...the most ancient and important goddesses in the Valley of Mexico. The number seven in her name is associated with luck and generative power. She was often portrayed as the ...
- Center Theater Group
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...were New York City's high-profile Public Theater, famously founded and nurtured by Joseph Papp and overseen in recent seasons by the redoubtable George C. Wolfe; Los Angeles's powerful, hydra-headed Center ...
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- (from the article "Health and Disease") The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued significantly revised HIV-testing recommendations that took effect in September. Specifically, the health agency recommended HIV testing in the United States ...
- centesima rerum venalium
- (from the article "taxation") ...tax; later, when additional revenue was required, the base of this tax was extended to real estate holdings. In the time of Julius Caesar, a 1 percent general sales tax ...
- Centeter cinerea
- (from the article "tachinid fly") ...in Hawaii has been reduced by the tachinid Ceromasia sphenophori from New Guinea; the coconut moth in Fiji has been controlled by the Malayan tachinid Ptychomyia remota; and Centeter cinerea ...
- centifolia rose
- (from the article "attar of roses") ...Anatolia also produces some attar commercially. In the south of France and in Morocco, rose oil is obtained partly by distilling but principally by extracting the oil from the flower ...
- centimetre
- (from the article "centimetre") unit of length equal to 0.01 metre in the metric system and the equivalent of 0.3937 inch.TABLEInternational System of Units (SI)Internation
- centimetre-gram-second system
- (from the article "viscosity") ...mass of a substance divided by its volume.) The dimensions of kinematic viscosity are area divided by time; the appropriate units are metre squared per second. The unit of kinematic ...
- centipede
- any of various long, flattened, many-segmented predaceous arthropods. Each segment except the hindmost bears one pair of legs. [4 Related Articles]
- Cento
- town, Emilia-Romagna regione, north-central Italy, on the Reno River, 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Bologna. A chapel was built in the church of Santa Maria del Rosario for the ...
- centra
- (from the article "snake") ...definition, there are no ribs on the tail vertebrae. Each vertebra articulates with its neighbour at five different points: first, at the contact point between the main, central bodies of ...
- Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute
- (from the article "Tupolev, Andrey Nikolayevich") ...School (now Bauman Moscow State Technical University), where he became a student and disciple of Nikolay Y. Zhukovsky, widely considered the father of Russian aviation. In 1918 they organized the ...
- Central Africa
- region of Africa that straddles the Equator and is drained largely by the Congo River system. It comprises, according to common definitions, the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), the Central ... [5 Related Articles]
- Central African People's Liberation Movement
- (from the article "Central African Republic") ...during the first round of balloting. Instead, Ange-Felix Patasse, a former prime minister, became the first democratically elected president since independence as the leader of the Central African People's Liberation ...
- Central African Plateau
- (from the article "Zambezi River") ...Africa. Together with its tributaries, it forms the fourth largest river basin of the continent. The river flows eastward for about 2,200 miles (3,540 kilometres) from its source on the ...
- Central African Republic
- landlocked country located in the centre of Africa. The area that is now the Central African Republic has been settled for at least 8,000 years; the earliest inhabitants were the ... [24 Related Articles]
- Central African Republic, flag of the
- national flag with horizontal stripes of blue, white, green, and yellow, all overlapped by a central red vertical stripe; a yellow star is in the upper hoist corner. Its width-to-length ...
- Central African Republic, history of
- (from the article "Central African Republic") HistoryBogandaBoganda, Barthelemythe major nationalist leader of the Central African Republic (formerly Ubangi-Shari) in the critical decolonization period of the 1950s. ...
- Central African Workshop
- art workshop established in the late 1950s by Frank McEwen, the director of the Rhodesian Art Gallery in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe), in order to encourage local African artists. ...
- Central Alaskan Yupik language
- (from the article "Eskimo-Aleut languages") Yupik, a dialectal form meaning "real person," includes five languages: Central Alaskan Yupik, spoken southward from Norton Sound; Pacific Yupik, commonly called Alutiiq, spoken from the Alaska Peninsula eastward to ...
- Central Alps
- (from the article "Alps") The Central Alps occupy an area from the Great St. Bernard Pass east of Mont Blanc on the Swiss-Italian border to the region of the Splugen Pass north of Lake ...
- Central America
- southernmost region of North America, lying between Mexico and South America and comprising Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize. (Geologists and physical geographers sometimes extend the ... [15 Related Articles]
- Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement
- (from the article "Costa Rica") In Costa Rica's first-ever national referendum, held on Oct. 7, 2007, citizens voted in favour of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) with the United States, becoming the ...
- Central American and northern Andean Indian
- member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting Central America (south from Guatemala) and the northern coast of South America, including the northern drainage of the Orinoco River; the West ... [17 Related Articles]
- Central American Common Market
- association of five Central American nations that was formed to facilitate regional economic development through free trade and economic integration. Established by the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration ... [2 Related Articles]
- Central American Court of Justice
- (from the article "Honduras") Pres. Ricardo Maduro announced his desire to freeze funds for the Central American Court of Justice and the Central American Parliament, arguing that the money would be better spent on ...
- Central American Free Trade Zone
- (from the article "Central American Common Market") ...American Integration system to coordinate political and economic policies, the CACM renewed its activity in the 1990s. By 1993, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua had ratified a new Central ...
- Central American Parliament
- (from the article "Honduras") Pres. Ricardo Maduro announced his desire to freeze funds for the Central American Court of Justice and the Central American Parliament, arguing that the money would be better spent on ...
- Central American Sea
- (from the article "Caribbean Sea") ...climate, however, does the Caribbean resemble the Mediterranean. The preferred oceanographic term for the Caribbean is the Antillean-Caribbean Sea, which, together with the Gulf of Mexico, forms the Central American ...
- Central American seaway
- (from the article "Tertiary Period") ...between five and seven million years ago, allowing the transit of cold water currents and marine faunas between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Atlantic and Pacific were also linked ...
- Central American squirrel monkey
- (from the article "squirrel monkey") ...arms, and feet are yellow to orange. Common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) have olive or grayish crowns and are found only in South America, whereas the endangered ...
- Central American States, Organization of
- international organization formed in 1951 to reestablish regional unity in Central America. Member states are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The organization includes executive, legislative, and economic ...
- Central American tapir
- (from the article "perissodactyl") ...Peru, up to altitudes of nearly 4,600 metres (about 15,000 feet). Agricultural and pastoral expansion have resulted in some decline in the status of this species, but it is still ...
- Central Andes
- (from the article "Andes Mountains") The Central Andes begin at latitude 35° S, at a point where the cordillera undergoes a sharp change of character. Its width increases to about 50 miles, and it becomes ...
- Central Arizona Project
- (from the article "Colorado River") ...among the lower-basin states, as well as the amounts that had been implicitly "reserved" for Indian tribes and federal public lands. This decision paved the way for funding of the ...
- Central Artery/Tunnel Project
- (from the article "Boston") ...and isolated neighbourhoods. Increasingly, it became clear that the Central Artery was becoming unable to cope with continually growing vehicular traffic, and a major construction project-the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, commonly ...
- Central Asia
- central region of Asia, extending from the Caspian Sea in the west to the border of western China in the east. It is bounded on the north by Russia and ... [9 Related Articles]
- Central Asia, history of
- history of the area from prehistoric and ancient times to the present. [12 Related Articles]
- Central Asian arts
- the literary, performing, and visual arts of a large portion of Asia embracing the Turkic republics (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan), Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and parts ... [2 Related Articles]
- Central Asian literatures
- the poetry and prose writings produced in a variety of languages in Central Asia, roughly defined as the region bounded to the east by the Tarim Basin in China, to ...
- central atom
- (from the article "chemical bonding") ...however, that do not conform to the octet rule. The most common exceptions to the octet rule are the so-called hypervalent compounds. These are species in which there are more ...
- central bank
- institution, such as the Bank of England, the U.S. Federal Reserve System, or the Bank of Japan, that is charged with regulating the size of a nation's money supply, the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Central Bank of Brazil
- (from the article "Brazil") The National Monetary Council, under the direction of the minister of finance, is Brazil's chief financial policy-making body. It oversees the Central Bank of Brazil, which issues currency (the real) ...
- Central Bank of Chile
- (from the article "Chile") The peso is the national currency of Chile. The Central Bank of Chile, established in 1925, is the official bank of the country; it implements the internal banking policies of ...
- Central Bank of Iraq
- (from the article "Iraq") All banks and insurance companies were nationalized in 1964. The Central Bank of Iraq (founded in 1947 and one of the first central banks in the Arab world) has the ...
- Central Bank of Ireland
- (from the article "Ireland") ...punt) was linked to the British pound sterling until 1979, when the republic joined the European Monetary System. Today, the euro, the EU's single currency, is the country's official currency. ...
- Central Bank of Kenya
- (from the article "Kenya") The state-run Central Bank of Kenya, established by legislation in 1966, regulates the money supply (the monetary unit is the Kenyan shilling), assists in the development of the monetary, credit, ...
- Central Bank of Malta
- (from the article "Malta") The Central Bank of Malta was founded in 1968. Malta's former currency, the lira, was adopted in 1972. On Jan. 1, 2008, the euro became the country's official currency. The ...
- Central Bank of Namibia
- (from the article "Namibia") ...Standard Bank Namibia (subsidiaries of South African parent companies), account for most banking business. Reorganization of land, housing, and development banks was begun after independence. The Central Bank of Namibia ...
- Central Bank of Nicaragua
- (from the article "Nicaragua") The Central Bank of Nicaragua, established in 1961, has the sole right of issue of the national currency, the cordoba. The financial system had been dominated by the government-owned Finance ...
- Central Bank of Sri Lanka
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") Banking and the issue of currency are controlled by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Until the late 1970s, commercial banking was the near-exclusive monopoly of two state-run banks, the ...
- Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- (from the article "Korea, North") The Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the sole bank of issue. It receives all national revenues and precious metals and provides government agencies with working ...
- Central Bank of The Gambia
- (from the article "Gambia, The") The Central Bank of The Gambia issues the national currency, the dalasi. There are several private banks in the country as well.
- Central Bank of Uruguay
- (from the article "Uruguay") ...known as an offshore financial centre. Partly because of the large volume of international banking, the vast majority of Uruguayan bank deposits are in U.S. dollars and other foreign currencies. ...
- Central Bank of West African States
- (from the article "Mali") ...countries in western Africa, is a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine). These countries share a common bank, the Central Bank ...
- Central Bank of Yemen
- (from the article "Yemen") The Central Bank of Yemen was formed in 1990 from the merger of the central banks of the two Yemens. It is responsible for issuing the rial, the national currency, ...
- Central Brahui Range
- southern offshoot of the Himalayas, lying in the centre of the Balochistan plateau, Pakistan. It extends southward for about 225 miles (360 km) from the Pishin Lora and Zhob rivers ... [1 Related Articles]
- central bulge
- (from the article "Milky Way Galaxy") Surrounding the nucleus is an extended bulge of stars that is nearly spherical in shape and that consists primarily of Population II stars, though they are comparatively rich in heavy ...
- Central Cattle Pattern
- (from the article "Southern Africa") ...grazing animals, others associate the appearance of domestic stock with the emergence of a different and distinctive tradition of ceramics and a characteristic settlement pattern-known as the Central Cattle Pattern-that ...
- Central Chamber
- (from the article "Dajokan") ...the Dajokan was finally restructured on Sept. 13, 1871, into three chambers: a Left Chamber (Sa-in), the legislative body; a Right Chamber (U-in), which directed the various ministries; and a ...
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