revolutionist and propagandist who became the chief interpreter of the "thought of Mao Zedong" and was briefly one of the five most powerful leaders of modern China.
a founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1920) and a major leader in developing the cultural basis of revolution in China. He was removed from his position of leadership in ...
Chinese artist noted for his curious, masterfully executed paintings of ancient personalities. His works suggest the disquiet of the artist caught between the decline of the Ming dynasty and the ...
lawyer and politician who served as president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2000. He was a prominent leader of the proindependence movement that sought to establish statehood for ...
third emperor (reigned 997/998-1022/23) of the Sung dynasty, who strengthened Confucianism and concluded a peace treaty with the nomadic Khitan tribes to the north that ended several decades of warfare. ...
one of the outstanding Chinese Communist military commanders of the 1930s and '40s. He was a party leader and served as foreign minister from 1958 to 1966.
city and port in southern Kiangsu sheng (province), China, situated on the southern bank of the Yangtze River. It was capital of the province in 1928-49.
(Chinese: "realized man"), in Taoism, a god or deified mortal; the term has been the official title of the head of the Cheng-i Taoist sect since the late 13th century.
river in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan, formed by the confluence of two streams (Chandra and Bhaga) in the Punjab Himalayas in India's Himachal Pradesh state. It flows west through ...
county, south-central New York state, U.S., bounded by the Unadilla River to the east. It consists of a hilly region drained principally by the Chenango River (which bisects the county ...
American businessman and one of the first African Americans to become the chief executive officer (CEO) of a Fortune 500 firm, the American Express Company.
people of southern India, numbering about 59,000 at the turn of the 21st century. Most Chenchu live in the state of Andhra Pradesh. They speak variants of Telugu, the Dravidian ...
46th vice president of the United States (2001- ) in the Republican administration of President George W. Bush and secretary of defense (1989-1993) in the administration of President George Bush.
. Present-day strings are metal, although they were probably silk in ancient times. This short zither can still be heard in surviving courtly solo and chamber music in Vietnam, where ...
city in central Honan Province (sheng), China. The provincial capital of Honan since 1954, Cheng-chou forms a prefecture-level municipality (shih). It is situated to the south of the Huang Ho ...
sixth emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), whose court was dominated by eunuchs who weakened the dynasty by a disastrous war with Mongol tribes. In 1435 Chu Ch'i-chen ascended the ...
10th emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), during whose reign eunuchs achieved such power within the government that subsequent rulers proved unable to dislodge them.
town in western Hopeh sheng (province), China. The town has been strategically important throughout history, being situated on the edge of the North China Plain at the foot of ...
beach ridge, usually composed of sand-sized material resting on clay or mud. Chenier is the Louisiana French term for the oak tree belts that mark the distribution of the ridges ...
poet and political journalist, generally considered the greatest French poet of the 18th century. His work was scarcely published until 25 years after his death. When the first collected edition ...
U.S. major general who commanded the U.S. Army Air Forces in China (1942-45) and created the American Volunteer Group (AVG), best known as the Flying Tigers.
village, Indre-et-Loire departement, Centre region, central France, on the right bank of the Cher River. Chenonceaux is famous for its chateau, which bridges the Cher. Founded on ...
market town and historic fortress, historic and present county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), Wales, on the west bank of the River Wye where it forms the border between England and ...
country house, administrative and historic county of Buckinghamshire, England, situated 30 miles (50 km) northwest of London, the official country residence of the prime ministers of Great Britain. The estate ...
river in central France, a tributary of the Loire River. It rises in the northwest of the Massif Central and flows north across the Combrailles Plateau through the towns of ...
naval station, fortified town, and seaport in Manche departement, Basse-Normandie region, northwestern France. It lies along the English Channel, west-northwest of Paris, and is ...
city, Irkutsk oblast (province), far eastern Russia, on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Founded in 1772 as a station on the Great Siberian Post Road, the town developed as ...
light produced by charged particles when they pass through an optically transparent medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium. Devices sensitive to this particular form ...
Soviet physicist who shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physics with fellow Soviet scientists Igor Y. Tamm and Ilya M. Frank for their investigation of the phenomenon called Cherenkov radiation. ...
city, Vologda oblast (province), northwestern Russia. Cherepovets lies on the right bank of the Sheksna River where it flows into the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Volga River. ...
tree of the custard apple family (Annonaceae), of the order Magnoliales. It is native to frost-free, higher elevations throughout tropical America and is widely cultivated in the Old World tropics ...
city and administrative centre, Cherkasy oblast (province), central Ukraine. It lies on the high right bank of the Dnieper River, along the reservoir created by the Kremenchuk hydroelectric station. Founded ...
oblast (province), central Ukraine. The smaller part of the oblast lies on the low left-bank floodplain of the middle Dnieper River; the larger, western part lies on the rolling hills ...
Chinese American mathematician and educator whose researches in differential geometry developed ideas that now play a major role in mathematics and in mathematical physics.
city and administrative centre of Chernihiv oblast (province), north-central Ukraine, on the Desna River, northeast of Kiev. Archaeology suggests a 7th-century origin, although Chernihiv was first mentioned in 907. It ...
oblast (province), north-central Ukraine. It lies in the basin of the Desna River, in a low plain, largely covered by tracts of reed and grass marsh and by mixed forests ...
oblast (province), southwestern Ukraine. It extends from an apex on the crestline of the Carpathian Mountains, across the foothills and the Seret and Prut valleys, to a baseline on the ...
city and administrative centre of Chernivtsi oblast (province), southwestern Ukraine, situated on the upper Prut River in the Carpathian foothills. First documentary reference to Chernivtsi dates from 1407, when it ...
accident in 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Soviet Union, the worst accident in the history of nuclear power generation. The Chernobyl power station was situated at ...
city, Khakassia republic, south-central Russia, situated just west of the port of Podkunino on the Yenisey River. The city is the centre of mining in the Minusinsk coal basin, which ...
a founder of the Russian Social Revolutionary Party in 1902, who spent much of his life in exile but was briefly a minister in provisional governments in Russia (May 5-Sept. ...
one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Chernozems (from the Russian words for "black earth") are humus-rich grassland soils used ...
Pan-Slavist and Russian general noted for expanding the Russian Empire into Central Asia and for his leadership of the Serbs against the Turks in 1876.
North American Indian people of Iroquoian lineage who inhabited eastern Tennessee and the western Carolinas. Formerly they had lived around the Great Lakes, migrating to the south after their defeat ...
county, northern South Carolina, U.S. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south by the Pacolet River, and to the southeast by the Broad River, into ...
city, seat (1861) of Cherokee county, northwestern Iowa, U.S., on the Little Sioux River, about 50 miles (80 km) east-northeast of Sioux City. A colony from Milford, Massachusetts, settled a ...
a North American Indian language, member of the Iroquoian family, spoken by the Cherokee people originally inhabiting Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Cherokee was one of the first ...
village, East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya state, northeastern India, located on the Shillong plateau about 35 mi (55 km) southwest of Shillong. It is noted for having the world's second ...
any of various trees belonging to species of Prunus and their edible fruits. Most cherry species are native to the Northern Hemisphere, where they are widely grown. Some 10 to ...
(Prunus laurocerasus, also Laurocerasus officinalis), evergreen shrub, of the rose family (Rosaceae), native to Europe but cultivated, particularly as a hedge plant, in other temperate regions. The Carolina cherry laurel ...
(November 11, 1778), during the American Revolution, Iroquois Indian attack on a New York frontier settlement in direct retaliation for colonial assaults on two Indian villages. Earlier in the year ...
range running northwest to southeast through the Sakha republic and Magadan oblast (province), Russia. The range, extending more than 900 miles (1,500 km), forms a part of ...
ancient region comprising the Crimea and, often, the city of Chersonesus, located three miles west of modern Sevastopol, Ukraine. The city, founded on the Heracleotic Chersonese (or Chersonesos Micra [Small ...
ancient region comprising the modern Gallipoli Peninsula, located on the European side of the Hellespont (the Dardanelles, in modern Turkey). A major wheat-exporting region, it was on the main trade ...
very fine-grained quartz (q.v.), a silica mineral with minor impurities. Several varieties are included under the general term chert: jasper, chalcedony, agate (qq.v.), flint, and novaculite.
in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic literature, a celestial winged being with human, animal, or birdlike characteristics who functions as a throne bearer of the deity. Derived from ancient Middle Eastern ...
Italian-born French composer during the period of transition from Classicism to Romanticism; he contributed to the development of French opera and was also a master of sacred music. His mature ...
(Anthriscus cerefolium), annual herb of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). It is native to regions of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea and to western Asia. Chervil is cultivated in Europe ...
district, administrative and historic county of Oxfordshire, south-central England, occupying an area of 228 square miles (590 square km). The River Cherwell and the Oxford Canal extend north from Oxford ...
independent city, southeastern Virginia, U.S. It lies along the Elizabeth River on the Tidewater coastal plain, adjacent to Suffolk, Portsmouth, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach, and extends southward from Hampton Roads ...
American waterway 14 miles (22 km) long connecting the head of the Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware River estuary. The canal cuts across the narrow northern neck of the 180-mile- ...
former waterway, extending 184.5 miles (297 km) along the east bank of the Potomac River between Washington, D.C., and Cumberland in western Maryland. Begun in 1828, the canal was intended ...
American railroad company established in 1868 with the consolidation of two smaller lines, the Virginia Central and the Covington and Ohio. It subsequently acquired a number of other lines, culminating ...
largest inlet in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern United States. Created by the submergence of the lower courses of the Susquehanna River and its tributaries, it is 193 ...
