| | - Cavallon, Juan de
- (from the article "Central America") Indian resistance delayed the conquest of Costa Rica until 1561, when Juan de Cavallon led a successful colonization expedition there. Although none of his settlements in the Nicoya Bay region ...
- Cavallotti, Felice
- left-wing, antimonarchist journalist and political leader, sometimes called Italy's "Poet of the Democracy." [1 Related Articles]
- cavalry
- military force mounted on horseback, formerly an important element in the armies of all major powers. When employed as part of a combined military formation, its main duties included observing ... [16 Related Articles]
- Cavan
- county in the province of Ulster, northeastern Ireland. It is bounded by Counties Monaghan (northeast), Meath, Westmeath, and Longford (south), and Leitrim (northwest). Northern Ireland lies to the north. Northwestern ...
- cavatina
- musical form appearing in operas and occasionally in cantatas and instrumental music. In early 18th-century cantatas, notably those of J.S. Bach, the cavatina was a short, epigrammatic piece sometimes sung ...
- cave
- natural opening in the Earth large enough for human exploration. Such a cavity is formed in many types of rock and by many processes. The largest and most common caves ... [5 Related Articles]
- Cave Automatic Virtual Environment
- (from the article "virtual reality") A large group of systems involved projecting images in physical spaces more natural than a VR workstation. In 1992 researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago presented the first ...
- cave bear
- extinct species of bear, notable for its habit of inhabiting caves, where its remains are frequently preserved; in European cave deposits, the remains of more than 100,000 cave bears have ...
- cave deposit
- any of the crystalline deposits that form in a solution cave after the creation of the cave itself. These deposits are generally composed of calcium carbonate dissolved from the surrounding ... [1 Related Articles]
- cave fish
- any of the pale, blind, cave-dwelling fishes of the genera Amblyopsis and Typhlichthys, family Amblyopsidae. Cave fishes are small, growing to about 10 cm (4 inches) long, and are found ...
- cave painting
- (from the article "archaeology") ...Neolithic). In the last quarter of the 19th century remarkable Paleolithic discoveries were made in France and Spain; these included the discovery and authentication of actual works of sculpture and ...
- cave pearl
- small, almost spherical concretion of calcite that is formed in a pool of water in a cave and is not attached to the surface on which it forms. Occasionally saturated ...
- cave system
- (from the article "cave") Larger cave systems often have complex patterns of superimposed passages that represent a long history of cave development. The oldest passages, usually but not necessarily those at the highest elevations, ...
- cave temple
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") In the first centuries of Buddhist history in China, rock-cut cave temples and monastic cells rivaled timber-built courtyard temples in importance. In 460 a Chinese priest recommended to the Wei ...
- Cave, Edward
- (from the article "publishing, history of") So far various themes had been tried out; they were first brought together convincingly by the English printer Edward Cave, who began to publish The Gentleman's Magazine in 1731. It ...
- Cave, Hugh Barnett
- American pulp-fiction author (b. July 11, 1910, Chester, Eng.-d. June 27, 2004, Vero Beach, Fla.), entertained and astonished readers with engaging stories covering a wide range of genres, including science ...
- cave, myth of the
- (from the article "philosophy, Western") Knowledge begins with a perception of these earthly shapes, but it ascends from there to the higher realm of Forms, which is approachable to the human mind. In the famous ...
- Cave, Nick
- Australian singer-songwriter, actor, and screenwriter who played a prominent role in the post-punk movement as frontman for the bands the Birthday Party and the Bad Seeds. He is best known ...
- caveat emptor
- (Latin: "let the buyer beware"), in the law of commercial transactions, principle that the buyer purchases at his own risk in the absence of an express warranty in the contract. [1 Related Articles]
- Cavell, Edith
- English nurse who became a popular heroine of World War I and was executed for assisting Allied soldiers to escape from German-occupied Belgium.
- Cavell, Stanley
- (from the article "American literature") Philosophers Richard Rorty and Stanley Cavell and critic Richard Poirier found a native parallel to European theory in the philosophy of Emerson and the writings of pragmatists such as William ...
- Cavendish
- unincorporated rural community, Queens county, on the central northern coast of Prince Edward Island, Canada, 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Charlottetown. It lies near a sandy beach (called Penamkeak ...
- Cavendish experiment
- measurement of the force of gravitational attraction between pairs of lead spheres, which thus allowed the first calculation of the value of the gravitational constant, G, the number expressing the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cavendish Laboratory
- (from the article "Thomson, Sir J.J.") Thomson was, however, by no means a scientific recluse. During his most fruitful years as a scientist, he was administrative head of the highly successful Cavendish Laboratory. (It was there ...
- Cavendish, Elizabeth
- (from the article "Montagu, Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of, Marquess of Monthermer") He succeeded his father as Baron Montagu of Boughton in 1684. In 1689 William III made him Earl of Montagu and privy councillor. In 1692 he married Elizabeth Cavendish, wealthy ...
- Cavendish, George
- English courtier and writer who won a minor but lasting reputation through a single work, his Life of Cardinal Wolsey, a landmark in the development of English biography, an important ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cavendish, Henry
- natural philosopher, the greatest experimental and theoretical English chemist and physicist of his age. Cavendish was distinguished for great accuracy and precision in researches into the composition of atmospheric air, ... [6 Related Articles]
- Cavendish, Lord Frederick Charles
- British statesman, protege of William Ewart Gladstone, who was murdered by Irish nationalists the day after his arrival in Dublin as chief secretary to the lord lieutenant of Ireland and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cavendish, Thomas
- English navigator and freebooter, leader of the third circumnavigation of the Earth. [4 Related Articles]
- Caventou, Joseph-Bienaime
- (from the article "Pelletier, Pierre-Joseph") Pelletier was professor at and, from 1832, director of the School of Pharmacy, Paris. In 1817, in collaboration with the chemist Joseph-Bienaime Caventou, he isolated chlorophyll, the green pigment in ...
- cavern
- (from the article "Appalachian Mountains") ...Appalachia, especially where there are softer limestone rocks that yield to the constant solution by water and weak acids, numerous caves are a distinctive feature of the physiography. The chief ...
- Cavern, The
- (from the article "The Cavern") In the early 1960s Liverpool, England, was unique among British cities in having more than 200 active pop groups. Many played youth clubs in the suburbs, but some made the ...
- cavernous hemangioma
- (from the article "hemangioma") Cavernous hemangioma, a rare, red-blue, raised tumour, is constituted of rather large blood vessels enclosed within a framework of connective and fatty tissues. Although most often associated with the skin, ...
- Caves, Monastery of the
- (from the article "Anthony of Kiev") ...Anthony resigned as spiritual leader and retired to another grotto. Soon the prince of Kiev, Izyaslav, ceded Mount Beretsov to the monks, and Anthony laid the foundation for the Kiev-Pechersk ...
- cavesson
- (from the article "horsemanship") The noseband, a strap of the bridle that encircles the horse's nose, may be either a cavesson, with a headpiece and rings for attaching a long training rein, or a ...
- Cavett, Frank
- (from the article "1952: Other Winners") Screenplay: Charles Schnee for The Bad and the BeautifulMotion Picture Story: Frederic M. Frank, Theodore St. John, Frank Cavett for The Greatest Show on EarthStory and Screenplay: T.E.B. Clarke for ...
- cavetto molding
- (from the article "molding") (1) The cavetto is a concave molding with a profile approximately a quarter-circle, quarter-ellipse, or similar curve. (2) A scotia molding is similar to the cavetto but has a deeper ...
- caviar
- the eggs, or roe, of sturgeon preserved with salt. It is prepared by removing the egg masses from freshly caught fish and passing them carefully through a fine-mesh screen to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cavill, Charles
- (from the article "swimming") ...for covering any considerable distance. The stroke was in use in the Pacific at the end of the 19th century and was taken up by the Australian swimmer Henry Wickham ...
- Cavill, Syd
- (from the article "swimming") ...stroke for covering any considerable distance. The stroke was in use in the Pacific at the end of the 19th century and was taken up by the Australian swimmer Henry ...
- cavitation
- formation of vapour bubbles within a liquid at low-pressure regions that occur in places where the liquid has been accelerated to high velocities, as in the operation of centrifugal pumps, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Cavite
- city, southern Luzon, Philippines.
- Cavite Mutiny
- (Jan. 20, 1872), brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal, which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine nationalist movement. Ironically, the ... [1 Related Articles]
- cavity wall
- (from the article "masonry") In 20th-century housing, masonry is frequently used over wood-stud construction. Cavity walls, highly resistant to moisture, are often built of two vertical layers of masonry separated by a layer of ...
- Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte di (count of)
- Piedmontese statesman, a conservative whose exploitation of international rivalries and of revolutionary movements brought about the unification of Italy (1861) under the House of Savoy, with himself as the first ... [12 Related Articles]
- cavy
- any of 14 species of South American rodents comprising guinea pigs, maras, yellow-toothed cavies, mountain cavies, and rock cavies. All except the maras have robust bodies, short limbs, large heads ...
- Cawdor
- village and castle in the Highland council area, historic county of Nairnshire, Scotland, south of Nairn, near Inverness. The local castle, according to a now discredited tradition perpetuated by Shakespeare, ...
- Cawdrey, Robert
- (from the article "dictionary") ...work, titled A Table Alphabetical, Containing and Teaching the True Writing and Understanding of Hard Usual English Words, Borrowed from the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or French &c., by Robert Cawdrey, ...
- Cawl, Faarax M. I.
- (from the article "African literature") In prose, the fiction of Faarax M.I. Cawl, which incorporates oral historical narratives and poems, marks a transition from oral to written form. His novel Aqoondarro waa u nacab jacayl ...
- Caxias
- city, east central Maranhao estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Rio Itapicuru, at 207 feet (63 metres) above sea level. Formerly known as Sao Jose das Aldeias ...
- Caxias do Sul
- city, northeastern Rio Grande do Sul estado (state), southern Brazil, lying at 2,490 feet (760 metres) above sea level on the range of hills separating the Antas ...
- Caxias, Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva, duque de
- military hero and statesman who gave the military a prominent position in the government of the Brazilian empire. [3 Related Articles]
- Caxton, William
- the first English printer, who, as a translator and publisher, exerted an important influence on English literature. [8 Related Articles]
- cay
- small, low island, usually sandy, situated on a coral reef platform. Such islands are commonly referred to as keys in Florida and parts of the Caribbean. Sand cays are usually ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cayambe Volcano
- (from the article "Ecuador") ...The western and central ranges of the Andes bordering the Sierra constitute the country's highest and most continuous mountain chains. Many peaks are volcanic or snow-covered; these include Cayambe (18,996 ...
- Cayatte, Andre
- motion-picture director best known for films on crime and justice.
- Cayay, Sierra de
- (from the article "Central, Cordillera") There is a gradual transition between the Cordillera Central and the lower Sierra de Cayey farther east, the peaks of which rise to 3,000 feet (900 m). The central mountains ...
- Cayenne
- capital and Atlantic Ocean port of French Guiana. It is located at the northwestern end of Cayenne Island, which is formed by the estuaries of the Cayenne and Mahury rivers. ... [1 Related Articles]
- cayenne pepper
- (from the article "cayenne pepper") very pungent spice produced by drying and grinding the orange to deep-red fruits of small-fruited species of Capsicum. See pepper.cayenne pepperCayenne pepper.Andre Karwath
- Cayey
- town, central Cayey Mountains, Puerto Rico. The town, at an altitude of 1,300 feet (400 metres), was founded in 1773 as Cayey de Muesas on the Spanish military highway linking ...
- Cayley, Arthur
- English mathematician and leader of the British school of pure mathematics that emerged in the 19th century. The interested viewer may read an extract from the geometry article he wrote ... [6 Related Articles]
- Cayley, Sir George, 6th Baronet
- English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft. [7 Related Articles]
- Caylus, Anne-Claude-Philippe de Tubieres, comte de
- French archaeologist, engraver, and man of letters. [1 Related Articles]
- Cayman Basin
- (from the article "Caribbean Sea") ...Yucatan Channel, which runs between Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula and has a sill depth (i.e., the depth of the submarine ridge between basins) of about 5,250 feet (1,600 metres). ...
- Cayman Brac
- (from the article "Cayman Islands") island group and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the islands of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac, situated about 180 miles (290 km) ...
- Cayman Islands
- island group and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the islands of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac, situated about 180 miles (290 km) ... [12 Related Articles]
- Cayman Islands, flag of
- British overseas territory flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) with a Union Jack in the upper hoist quarter and a badge containing the Cayman Islands coat of arms ...
- Cayman Ridge
- (from the article "Caribbean Sea") ...has a sill depth (i.e., the depth of the submarine ridge between basins) of about 5,250 feet (1,600 metres). The Cayman Basin, to the south, is partially separated from the ...
- Cayman Trench
- submarine trench on the floor of the western Caribbean Sea between Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. It extends from the Windward Passage at the southeastern tip of Cuba toward Guatemala. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Caymmi, Dorival
- Brazilian singer and songwriter became a national icon with his deep velvety voice and romantic lyrics that evoked the charm of Bahia's fishing villages, beaches, and beautiful women. Caymmi vaulted ...
- Cayo Redondo
- (from the article "Ciboney") ...Cuba and Hispaniola differed greatly from one another in the material base of their cultures. While both were primarily hunters and gatherers, the technology of the Ciboney of Cuba, called ...
- Cayor
- (from the article "Senegal") ...diverse area situated between Ferlo and the Atlantic and extending from the False Delta in the north to Cape Verde Peninsula in the south was once home to the historical ...
- Cayor
- (from the article "Wolof empire") ...the Wolof state was ruled by a king, or burba, whose duties were both political and religious. During the 14th century, it began to develop satellite states, of which the ...
- Cayrol, Jean
- French poet, novelist, and essayist, who stood at the frontiers of the New Novel (nouveau roman), the avant-garde French novel that emerged in the 1950s. [1 Related Articles]
- Cayuga
- Iroquoian-speaking North American Indians, members of the Iroquois Confederacy, who originally inhabited the region bordering Cayuga Lake in what is now central New York state. (See also Iroquois.) [5 Related Articles]
- Cayuga
- county, central New York state, U.S., bounded by Lake Ontario to the north and Cayuga Lake to the southwest. It consists of a region of rolling hills in the Finger ...
- Cayuga, Lake
- (from the article "lake") ...seiching results from thermal stratification. The layers separated by the thermoclines oscillate relative to one another. Observed uninodal periods for Loch Earn, Lake Geneva, Lake Baikal, and Lake Cayuga (New ...
- Cayuse
- (from the article "Whitman, Marcus") In 1836 Whitman founded a mission among the Cayuse Indians at Waiilatpu, 6 miles (10 km) west of present-day Walla Walla. The Spaldings established a mission among the Nez Perce ...
- cayuse
- North American wild or Indian-tamed horse, descended from horses taken to the New World by the Spanish in the 16th century. The name comes from that of an Indian tribe ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cayuse language
- (from the article "Penutian languages") ...languages, plus three extinct Costanoan languages), Sahaptin (two languages), Yakonan (two extinct languages), Yokutsan (three languages), and Maiduan (four languages)-plus Klamath-Modoc, Cayuse (extinct), Molale (extinct), Coos, Takelma (extinct), Kalapuya, Chinook ...
- Cazaly, Roy
- Australian rules football player who was renowned for his extraordinary marking ability. He was the inspiration for the phrase "Up there Cazaly," which became a battle cry used by fans ...
- Cazorla, Pact of
- (from the article "Alfonso II") ...permanent. Aragonese involvement in France became steadily greater during Alfonso's reign. Nevertheless, the conquest of Teruel (1171) opened the way for the conquest of Valencia; and, in 1179, the pact ...
- cbap
- (from the article "Khmer literature") The cbap are didactic poems that were written by monks and used for moral instruction. The earliest surviving examples date from the 17th century, although the genre is believed to ...
- CBGB-OMFUG
- (from the article "CBGB-OMFUG") New York City's proto-punk new wave was a downtown thing, crawling out of the damp stonework in yet-to-be-gentrified Soho and the Lower East Side well before the trendy clothing stores ...
- CBS Building
- (from the article "building construction") ...of the perimeter-framed tube with a largely solid-walled interior tube or shear walls to give further lateral stability. This was employed by Eero Saarinen and Kevin Roche in the 35-story ...
- CBS Corporation
- major American broadcasting company and operator of the CBS national radio and television networks. The company was incorporated in 1927 as United Independent Broadcasters, Inc. Its name was changed a ... [11 Related Articles]
- CBS Records Group
- (from the article "Sony Corporation") ...late 1980s, Sony executives, especially the company president and the chairman of Sony Corporation of America, Norio Ohga, wanted to add entertainment content to Sony's operations. In 1988 it bought ...
- CCaMK
- (from the article "Life Sciences") ...oxygen, and food, and in return the bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into substances that the plant needs for growth. By mutating a gene in the plants that produce a key ...
- CCITT-6
- (from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT), a United Nations body that establishes worldwide telecommunications standards. The first system was standardized internationally as CCITT-6 signaling; within North America, CCITT-6 was modified ...
- cD galaxy
- (from the article "galaxy") A third effect of the dense cluster environment is the presence in some clusters-usually rather small, dense clusters-of an unusual type of galaxy called a cD galaxy. These objects are ...
- CD-Recordable disc
- (from the article "CD-ROM") ...the publishing world, where large multimedia files are regularly exchanged, because of incompatibility with standard CD and CD-ROM players. In the early 1990s a new type of CD became available: ...
- CD-ROM
- type of computer memory in the form of a compact disc that is read by optical means. A CD-ROM drive uses a low-power laser beam to read digitized (binary) data ... [12 Related Articles]
- CD3 complex
- (from the article "immune system") The T-cell receptor is associated with a group of molecules called the CD3 complex, or simply CD3, which is also necessary for T-cell activation. These molecules are agents that help ...
- CD4
- (from the article "AIDS") ...of white blood cells critical to the immune system known as helper T lymphocytes, or helper T cells. Helper T cells are also called CD4+ T cells because they have ...
- CD4 count
- (from the article "AIDS") ...in a decline in the number of helper T cells. Physicians follow the course of the disease by determining the number of helper T cells (CD4+ cells) in the blood. ...
- CD8
- (from the article "immune system") ...to the bond between the T cell and the target cell. Helper T cells display a coreceptor called CD4, which binds to class II MHC molecules, and cytotoxic T cells ...
- CDK5
- (from the article "post-traumatic stress disorder") About 12.5 percent of people with PTSD have increased levels of a kinase (a type of regulatory enzyme) called CDK5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5). Normally, CDK5 works with other proteins in ...
- cDNA library
- (from the article "recombinant DNA technology") Another type of library is a cDNA library. Creation of a cDNA library begins with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) instead of DNA. Messenger RNA carries encoded information from DNA to ...
- CDP-diglyceride
- (from the article "metabolism") ...of phospholipids, however, phosphatidic acid is not hydrolyzed; rather, it acts as the R&singlehorzbond;&phosphorylgrp; in reaction [77], the NTP here being cytidine triphosphate (CTP). A CDP-diglyceride is produced, and inorganic ...
- Ceallach
- (from the article "Malachy, Saint") Malachy was educated at Armagh, where he was ordained priest in 1119. Archbishop Ceallach (Celsus) of Armagh, during his absence to administer the bishopric of Dublin, appointed Malachy vicar in ...
- Ceanannus Mor
- market town and urban district of County Meath, Ireland, on the River Blackwater. The town was originally a royal residence. In the 6th century it was granted to St. Columba ...
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