lawyer and politician, antislavery leader before the U.S. Civil War, secretary of the Treasury (1861-64) in Pres. Abraham Lincoln's wartime Cabinet, sixth chief justice of the United States (1864-73), and ...
associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, whose acquittal in an impeachment trial (1805) inspired by President Thomas Jefferson for political reasons strengthened the independence of the judiciary.
a literary work or portion of a literary work that is of a light or mollifying nature in comparison with that which precedes or accompanies it. The metaphor may stem ...
metalwork technique used to define or refine the forms of a surface design and to bring them to the height of relief required. The metal is worked from the front ...
French mathematician who, independently of the Swiss German mathematician Jakob Steiner, elaborated on the theory of modern projective geometry, the study of the properties of a geometric line or other ...
French painter who attained some measure of success in his attempt to fuse the Neoclassicism of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and the Romanticism of Eugene Delacroix.
(French: "hunter"), member of an armoured unit of the French army. Originally (1743) chasseurs, or chasseurs a pied ("on foot"), were light-infantry regiments. By the outbreak of World War I ...
(Vitex agnus-castus), aromatic shrub growing to 5 metres (about 16 feet) tall, bearing spikes of rose-lavender flowers. It belongs in the verbena family (Verbenaceae), order Lamiales.
a rhymed folk verse usually composed of four lines. The chastushka is traditional in form but often has political or topical content. The word is a derivative of the Russian ...
liturgical vestment, the outermost garment worn by Roman Catholic priests and bishops at mass and by some Anglicans and Lutherans when they celebrate the Eucharist. The chasuble developed from an ...
any of the 190 species belonging to the songbird family Turdidae (order Passeriformes) that are generally smaller and have slenderer legs and more colourful plumage than true, or typical, thrushes. ...
in France, during the 13th and 14th centuries, a castle, or structure arranged for defense rather than for residence. Later the term came to designate any seignorial residence and so, ...
town, northeast France, Aisne departement, Picardie region, east-northeast of Paris. It is situated on the Marne River on the slopes of a hill, at the top of which are the ...
French author and diplomat, one of his country's first Romantic writers. He was the preeminent literary figure in France in the early 19th century and had a profound influence on ...
town, Monteregie region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the Chateauguay River, just south of its confluence with the St. Lawrence. The site of a Jesuit ...
(Oct. 26, 1813), in the War of 1812, engagement in which the British compelled U.S. forces to abandon a projected attack on Montreal and thus exerted a decisive influence on ...
city, capital of Indre departement, Centre region, central France. It lies along the Indre River, south of Orleans, on the main road and railway from Paris to Toulouse. It derives ...
ornament, used by both men and women and usually fastened to belt or pocket, with chains bearing hooks on which to hang small articles such as watches, keys, seals, writing ...
in Paris, the principal seat of common-law jurisdiction under the French monarchy from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. Located on the right bank of the Seine River, the ...
town, Vienne departement, Poitou-Charentes region, west-central France. It lies north-northeast of Poitiers, on the main road from Paris to Bordeaux. Situated on the Vienne River, it derives its name from ...
city, seat of Kent county, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the head of navigation on the Thames River. The town originated in 1793 as a naval dockyard and was ...
town, Northumberland county, eastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies near the mouth of the Miramichi River opposite Newcastle, 84 miles (135 km) north-northwest of Moncton. Founded about 1800 by Francis ...
port, Medway unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Kent, southeastern England. The port lies along the River Medway just above its confluence with the River Thames, on the southeastern ...
island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about 500 miles (800 km) east of New Zealand. Composed of 10 islands, they are primarily of volcanic formation, but areas of limestone ...
narrow passage of the eastern North Pacific through the northern Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska, U.S. It extends for 150 miles (240 km) from the junction of Icy Strait and Lynn ...
Middle American Indians of southwestern Oaxaca state in southern Mexico. The Chatino language is closely related to the neighbouring Zapotec language, and there are many cultural similarities between the two ...
the property of some minerals to exhibit a wavy, luminous band with a silky lustre, reminiscent of the eye of a cat, in the centre of a cabochon-cut (polished, with ...
estate near Rowsley, Derbyshire Dales district, administrative and historic county of Derbyshire, England, containing the principal seat of the English dukes of Devonshire. Chatsworth House itself stands near the left ...
river having its source in several headstreams in the Blue Ridge Mountains in northeastern Georgia, U.S. It flows southwestward across northern Georgia to West Point, south of which its course ...
city, seat (1819) of Hamilton county, southeastern Tennessee, U.S. The city lies along the Moccasin Bend of the Tennessee River, near the Georgia border, about 115 miles (185 km) north ...
(November 23-25, 1863), in the American Civil War, a decisive engagement fought at Chattanooga on the Tennessee River in late November 1863, which contributed significantly to victory for the North. ...
small, curved fracture found on glaciated rock surfaces. Chatter marks are commonly 1-5 centimetres (12-2 inches) but may be submicroscopic or as much as 50 cm in length. They occur ...
Indian author, whose novels firmly established prose as a literary vehicle for the Bengali language and helped create in India a school of fiction on the European model.
Germanic tribe that became one of the most powerful opponents of the Romans during the 1st century AD. At that time the Chatti expanded from their homeland near the upper ...
the outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and "the first finder of our language." His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English. ...
floor covering handmade by the Chaudor (Chodor) Turkmen. Usually, they are made either in carpet size or as bag faces (the fronts of bags used for storage in tents or ...
town and port, north-central Myanmar (Burma). Situated in the Irrawaddy River basin, it is a petroleum port for the Singu-Chauk oil fields. Traditionally, people of the Mon group gathered asphalt ...
the most eminent surgeon of the European Middle Ages, whose Chirurgia magna (1363) was a standard work on surgery until at least the 17th century. In this work he describes ...
French Revolutionary leader, social reformer, and promoter of the anti-Christian cult of the goddess Reason. He was put to death by the Revolutionary tribunal because of his democratic extremism.
town, capital of Haute-Marne departement, Champagne-Ardenne region, eastern France, southeast of Paris. Situated on the edge of a plateau at the confluence of the Marne and the Suize rivers in ...
great-grandson of the elder Charles Chauncy, Congregationalist minister and one of the leading critics of the Great Awakening (q.v.) revivalist movement in the British American colonies in the mid-18th century.
resort-colony and town (township), Chautauqua county, western New York, U.S. The resort-colony lies on Chautauqua Lake (18 miles [29 km] long, 1-2 miles [1.5-3 km] wide), near Lake Erie, 16 ...
county, extreme southwestern New York state, U.S., bordered by Lake Erie to the north and Pennsylvania to the west and south. A band of lowlands along Lake Erie rises to ...
popular U.S. movement in adult education that flourished during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The original Chautauqua Lake Sunday School Assembly in western New York, founded in 1874 ...
French politician who served three times as premier of France and played a controversial role in the surrender of France to Nazi Germany during World War II.
in 17th- and 18th-century India, a levy of one-fourth of the revenue demand (or actual collection) of a district from which the Marathas claimed rights of passage or overlordship. The ...
prominent French family that had great influence in affairs of state from the 16th to 19th centuries and produced many notable diplomats and clergymen and several peers.
French chemist who was corecipient, with Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock, of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2005 for developing metathesis, an important chemical reaction used in ...
excessive and unreasonable patriotism, similar to jingoism. The word is derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier who, satisfied with the reward of military honours and a ...
town, Neuchatel canton, western Switzerland. It is situated in the Jura Mountains, near the French border, northwest of Neuchatel city. First mentioned in the 14th century, it was chartered in ...
county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S. Most of Chaves county lies in the Great Plains, with the extreme western section including the Guadalupe and Sacramento Mountains and a portion of the ...
city, Vila Real distrito ("district"), northern Portugal. It lies along the Tamega River, north-northeast of Vila Real town. The city, 5 miles (8 km) south of the Spanish frontier, is ...
earliest highly developed culture in pre-Columbian Peru, which flourished between about 900 and 200 BC. During this time Chavin artistic influence spread throughout the northern and central parts of what ...
(Sechium edule), tendril-bearing perennial vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), native to the New World tropics, where it is widely cultivated for its edible fruits. Chayote also is grown as ...
city, Zapadocesky kraj (region), extreme western Czech Republic. Cheb lies along the Ohre River, near the German border. Its history has been full of violence, for it guards the easiest ...
city and capital, Chuvashia republic, Russia. It lies on the right bank of the middle Volga River, between Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. Although Cheboksary is known to have existed since ...
