French librarian and paleographer remembered for his own writings and for editing several works of his younger brother, Jean-Francois Champollion, the brilliant Egyptologist who deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics.
broad avenue in Paris, one of the world's most famous, which stretches 1.17 miles (1.88 km) from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde. It is divided ...
great ruined and abandoned city, the capital of the Chimu kingdom (c. AD 1200-1400) and the largest city in pre-Columbian America. It is situated on the northern coast of present-day ...
one of the most illustrious Cambodian kings (reigned 1516-66) of the post-Angkor era. He successfully defended his kingdom against Cambodia's traditional enemies, the Thais, invaded Siam (Thailand), and brought peace ...
king of Cambodia who sought to balance Siam (Thailand) against Vietnam. Both countries had traditionally contested for the Cambodian territory that lay between their domains.
school of Chinese painting inspired by the "meditative" school of Buddhism called, in Chinese, Chan (Japanese: Zen). Although Chan originated in China with an Indian monk, Bodhidharma, it came to ...
city in southwestern Kwangtung sheng (province), China. Chan-chiang is an important port on Chan-chiang Bay on the eastern side of the Luichow Peninsula and is protected by Nao-chou Island and ...
portion of a church that contains the choir, often at the eastern end. Before modern changes in church practice, only clergy and choir members were permitted in the chancel. The ...
fossil remains of a human (genus Homo) discovered in 1888 in a rock shelter at Chancelade, southwestern France. The 17,000-year-old skeleton was found in a curled posture-an indication of a ...
in western Europe, the title of holders of numerous offices of varying importance, mainly secretarial, legal, administrative, and ultimately political in nature. The Roman cancellarii, minor legal officials who stood ...
(May 1-5, 1863), in the American Civil War, bloody assault by the Union army in Virginia that failed to encircle and destroy the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Following the ...
in England, the court of equity under the lord high chancellor that began to develop in the 15th century to provide remedies not obtainable in the courts of common law. ...
typical skin lesion of the primary stage of infectious syphilis, usually appearing on the penis, labia, cervix, or anorectal region. (Because in women the chancre often occurs internally, it may ...
acute, localized, chiefly sexually transmitted disease, usually of the genital area, caused by the bacillus Haemophilus ducreyi. It is characterized by the appearance, 3-5 days after exposure, of a painful, ...
Rajput clan of Gond origin that for some centuries ruled Bundelkhand in north-central India and fought against the early Muslim invaders. The first Chandela is thought to have ruled early ...
a branched candleholder-or, in modern times, electric-light holder-suspended from the ceiling. Hanging candleholders made of wood or iron and simply shaped were used in Anglo-Saxon churches before the Norman Conquest ...
city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just west of the Hooghly River and part of the Calcutta urban agglomeration. It is connected by road and rail with Calcutta and ...
city and union territory of India. Located on the plain just south of the Shiwalik Hills, about 150 miles (240 kilometres) north of New Delhi, Chandigarh is bounded by the ...
city, Maricopa county, south-central Arizona, U.S. Founded in the 1890s, the city was named for veterinarian and real-estate developer A.J. Chandler, who built an extensive agricultural canal system in the ...
American newspaper publisher who helped change the Los Angeles Times from a conservative regional journal to one of the largest and most influential newspapers in the world.
American author of detective fiction, the creator of the private detective Philip Marlowe, whom he characterized as a poor but honest upholder of ideals in an opportunistic and sometimes brutal ...
American astronomer best known for his discovery (1884-85) of the Chandler Wobble, a movement in the Earth's axis of rotation that causes latitude to vary with a period of 14 ...
river port, south-central Bangladesh, situated at the confluence of the Dakatia and Meghna rivers. It is a major jute-shipping centre, connected by road and rail with Comilla and Noakhali and ...
town in southeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southeastern India. It lies about 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Madras. Chandragiri is historically important for its connection with the Aravidu dynasty of ...
city, eastern Maharashtra state, western India, situated along the Wardha River. The name means "village of the Moon." Chandrapur was the capital of the Gond dynasty from the 12th to ...
Indian-born American astrophysicist who, with William A. Fowler, won the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics for key discoveries that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages ...
French dress designer who ruled over Parisian haute couture for almost six decades. Her elegantly casual designs inspired women of fashion to abandon complicated, uncomfortable clothes and to adopt her ...
congenitally joined twins who gained worldwide fame for their anatomical anomaly. As a result of their fame, the term Siamese twin came to denote the condition of being one of ...
Chinese explorer, the first man to bring back a reliable account of the lands of central Asia to the court of China. He was dispatched by the Han dynasty emperor ...
powerful Chinese minister during the last years of the reign (1566/67-72) of Lung-ch'ing and the first decade of the reign (1572-1620) of Wan-li, both of the Ming dynasty. His benevolent ...
Chinese rebel leader at the close of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Following a disastrous famine in the northern province of Shensi in 1628, Chang became the leader of a gang ...
Chinese warlord who, in the Sian Incident (1936), compelled the Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek to form a wartime alliance with the Chinese Communists against Japan.
in Chinese mythology, one of the Pa Hsien, the Eight Immortals of Taoism. In art he is depicted carrying a phoenix feather and the peach of immortality; he rides (often ...
founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1920s and 1930s. After briefly contesting the leadership of the party with Mao Zedong in 1935 (the last ...
Chinese soldier and later a warlord who dominated Manchuria and parts of North China between 1913 and 1928. He maintained his power with the tacit support of the Japanese; in ...
city in southeastern Fukien Province (sheng), China. The city is situated on the north bank of the Hsi Hsi (stream), some 25 mi (40 km) upstream from Amoy in the ...
Costa Rican-born American physicist and the first Hispanic astronaut. Chang-Diaz aspired to be an astronaut as a young child. In 1967 his parents sent him from Costa Rica to live ...
shih (municipality) and seat of Chang-hua hsien (county), west central Taiwan, situated southwest of T'ai-chung in the centre of the western coastal plain. Founded in the 17th century, the city ...
hsien (county), west central Taiwan, occupying an area of 415 sq mi (1,074 sq km). It is bordered by the hsiens of T'ai-chung (north), Nan-t'ou (east), and Yun-lin (south) and ...
dynasty that ruled a vast area in central Africa between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers (now in Zimbabwe). The dynasty was the greatest power in central Africa from the 15th ...
traditional English art of ringing a set of tower bells in an intricate series of changes, or mathematical permutations (different orderings in the ringing sequence), by pulling ropes attached to ...
in European folklore, a deformed or imbecilic offspring of fairies or elves substituted by them surreptitiously for a human infant. According to legend, the abducted human children are given to ...
large two-headed, hourglass-shaped (waisted) drum common to much Korean traditional music. In its construction it resembles the Japanese tsuzumi (q.v.) drums. It is 66 cm (26 inches) long.
(Korean: "long life"), wooden or stone pole carved with a human face and placed at the entrance (and sometimes to the north, south, east, and west) of a Korean village ...
pastoral region situated primarily in southwestern Queensland, Australia, but extending slightly into northeastern South Australia and northwestern New South Wales.
archipelago in the English Channel, west of the Cotentin peninsula of France, at the entrance to the Gulf of Saint-Malo, 80 miles (130 km) south of the English coast. The ...
island chain extending some 150 miles (240 km) along, and about 12-70 miles (20-115 km) off, the Pacific coast of southern California. The islands form two groups. The Santa Barbara ...
rail tunnel between England and France that runs beneath the English Channel. The Channel Tunnel, 31 miles (50 km) long, consists of three tunnels: two for rail traffic and a ...
town on the southwestern tip of Newfoundland, Canada. It is the terminal for car ferries across Cabot Strait from North Sydney, Nova Scotia, and is the connecting point for the ...
in solid-state physics, the directionally selective penetration of crystalline solids by a beam of atoms. The effect was predicted in 1912 by the German physicist Johannes Stark but was not ...
U.S. physician and one of the founders of the Boston Lying-In Hospital (1832), brother of the clergyman William Ellery Channing; he was the first (1847) to use ether as an ...
U.S. author and moralist, Congregationalist and, later, Unitarian clergyman. Known as the "apostle of Unitarianism," Channing was a leading figure in the development of New England Transcendentalism and of organized ...
(French: "song"), French art song of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The chanson before 1500 is preserved mostly in large manuscript collections called chansonniers.
medieval French song in the form of a dialogue, often between a husband and a wife, a knight and a shepherdess, or lovers parting at dawn. Specific forms of such ...
any of the Old French epic poems forming the core of the Charlemagne legends. More than 80 chansons, most of them thousands of lines long, have survived in manuscripts dating ...
Old French epic poem that is probably the earliest (c. 1100) and certainly the masterpiece of chanson de geste (q.v.). The poem's probable author was a Norman poet, Turold, whose ...
