| | - Carter, Betty
- American jazz singer who is best remembered for the scat and other complex musical interpretations that showcased her remarkable vocal flexibility and musical imagination. [1 Related Articles]
- Carter, Chris
- "The truth is out there." This enigmatic mantra appeared in the opening credits and was silently implied throughout each episode of Chris Carter's Emmy award-winning science-fiction television series "The X-Files." ...
- Carter, Don
- American professional bowler who dominated the game from 1951 through 1964.
- Carter, Elizabeth
- English poet, translator, and member of a famous group of literary "bluestockings" who gathered around Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu.
- Carter, Elliott
- American composer, a musical innovator whose erudite style and novel principles of polyrhythm, called metric modulation, won worldwide attention. He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize for music, in 1960 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Carter, Helen
- American singer and musician who was a member of the Carter Family band--considered the "first family" of country music--and, after it disbanded, of Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters, who ...
- Carter, Howard
- British archaeologist, who made one of the richest and most celebrated contributions to Egyptology: the discovery (1922) of the largely intact tomb of King Tutankhamen. [3 Related Articles]
- Carter, Janette
- American musician (b. July 2, 1923, Maces Spring, Va.-d. Jan. 22, 2006, Kingsport, Tenn.), the last second-generation member of the Carter Family-known as the "first family" of country music-was instrumental ...
- Carter, Jimmy
- 39th president of the United States (1977-81), who served as the nation's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. His perceived inability to deal successfully ... [37 Related Articles]
- Carter, John W.
- (from the article "forgery") ...of pilgrimage for scholars from Europe and the United States. He constantly exposed piracies and forgeries and always denied that he was a dealer. The shock was accordingly the greater ...
- Carter, Kevin
- South African photojournalist (b. Sept. 13, 1960, Johannesburg, South Africa--d. July 27, 1994, Johannesburg), recorded on film the racial strife and political chaos of his native South Africa, but he ...
- Carter, Maybelle
- American guitarist whose distinctive playing style and long, influential career mark her as a classic figure in country music. [2 Related Articles]
- Carter, Mrs. Leslie
- American actress with a sweeping, highly dramatic style, often called "the American Sarah Bernhardt."
- Carter, Nell
- American singer and actress (b. Sept. 13, 1948, Birmingham, Ala.-d. Jan. 23, 2003, Beverly Hills, Calif.), won a Tony Award in 1978 for her exuberant performance in the Broadway musical ...
- Carter, Ron
- (from the article "Davis, Miles") ...1960s were transitional, less-innovative years for Davis, although his music and his playing remained top-calibre. He began forming another soon-to-be-classic small group in late 1962 with bassist Ron Carter, pianist ...
- Carter, Rosalynn
- American first lady (1977-81), the wife of Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States, and mental health advocate. She was one of the most politically astute and active of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Carter, Rubin
- (from the article "Washington, Denzel") ...activist Malcolm X, Washington gave a complex and powerful performance and earned an Academy Award nomination for best actor. He received a second best-actor nomination for his portrayal of boxer ...
- Carter, Sara
- (from the article "Carter Family") ...Spring, Virginia, U.S.-d. November 7, 1960Kentucky), his wife, Sara, nee Sara Dougherty (b. July 21, 1898, Flatwoods, Virginia-d. January 8, 1979, Lodi,...
- Carter, Thomas
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...Howard's Cinderella Man was a profound and feeling account of the boxer James J. Braddock and his changing fortunes in the hard world of the Great Depression. Coach Carter (directed ...
- Carter, Wilfred Arthur Charles
- ("WIF"; "MONTANA SLIM"), Canadian country music singer whose down-home, simple songs about fur trappers, cowboy life, and other homegrown subjects made him one of the country's most popular attractions during ...
- Carter, William Morris
- (from the article "Uganda") ...successor, Sir Hesketh Bell, announced that he wished to develop Uganda as an African state. In this he was opposed by a number of his more senior officials and in ...
- Carter, Xavier
- (from the article "Track and Field Sports") American sprinters rewrote the 200-m all-time lists. Xavier Carter, a 20-year-old Lousiana State University sophomore who turned professional in June after becoming the first athlete to win a 100-m/400-m double ...
- Carteret, Philip
- (from the article "New Britain") ...Jakob Le Maire, who believed it was part of a landmass including New Guinea and New Ireland. His theory was disproved (1699-1700) by the Englishman William Dampier, who named the ...
- Carteret, Sir George, Baronet
- British Royalist politician and colonial proprietor of New Jersey. [1 Related Articles]
- Cartesian Circle
- (from the article "Descartes, Rene") The inherent circularity of Descartes's reasoning was exposed by Arnauld, whose objection has come to be known as the Cartesian Circle. According to Descartes, God's existence is established by the ...
- Cartesian coordinates
- (from the article "geomagnetic field") Both electric and magnetic fields are described by vectors, which can be represented in different coordinate systems, such as Cartesian, polar, and spherical. In a Cartesian system the vector is ...
- Cartesian product
- (from the article "set theory") The Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted by A × B, is defined as the set consisting of all ordered pairs (a, b) for which a ∈ A and b ∈ B. For example, ...
- Cartesianism
- the philosophical and scientific traditions derived from the writings of the French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650). [20 Related Articles]
- Carthage
- great city of antiquity, traditionally founded on the north coast of Africa by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814 BC. It is now a residential suburb of the city of ... [37 Related Articles]
- Carthage
- city, seat (1833) of Hancock county, western Illinois, U.S. It lies near the Mississippi River, about 85 miles (135 km) southwest of Davenport, Iowa. Laid out in 1833 and named ...
- Carthage
- city, seat of Jasper county, southwestern Missouri, U.S. It lies along Spring River, just east of Joplin. Established in 1842, it was named for ancient Carthage. During the American Civil ...
- Carthage, councils of
- (from the article "canon law") ...decretal law (answers of popes to questions of bishops in matters of discipline), which did not exist in the East. The African canons, like the Eastern canons at Chalcedon, were ...
- Carthage, Exarchate of
- semiautonomous African province of the Byzantine Empire, centred in the city of Carthage, in North Africa. It was established in the late 6th century by the Byzantine emperor Maurice (reigned ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carthaginian
- (from the article "Leptis Magna") Founded as early as the 7th century BC by Phoenicians of Tyre or Sidon, it was later settled by Carthaginians, probably at the end of the 6th century BC. Its ...
- carthamin
- (from the article "safflower") ...Nile River and into Ethiopia. The safflower plant grows from 0.3 to 1.2 metres (1 to 4 feet) high and has flowers that may be red, orange, yellow, or white. ...
- Carthusian
- an order of monks founded by St. Bruno of Cologne in 1084 in the valley of Chartreuse, north of Grenoble, Fr. The Carthusians, who played an important role in the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Cartier, Alfred
- (from the article "jewelry") In Paris in 1898 Alfred Cartier and his son Louis founded a jewelry firm of great refinement. The firm was distinguished for a production characterized by very fine settings, largely ...
- Cartier, Jacques
- French mariner, whose explorations of the North American coast and the St. Lawrence River (1534, 1535, 1541-42) laid the basis for later French claims to Canada. He appears also to ... [15 Related Articles]
- Cartier, Sir George-Etienne, Baronet
- statesman, Canadian prime minister jointly with John A. Macdonald (1857-58; 1858-62), and promoter of confederation and the improvement of Anglo-French relations in Canada. [3 Related Articles]
- Cartier-Bresson, Henri
- French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. His theory that photography can capture the meaning beneath outward appearance in instants of extraordinary clarity is ... [3 Related Articles]
- cartilage
- connective tissue forming the skeleton of mammalian embryos before bone formation begins and persisting in parts of the human skeleton into adulthood. Cartilage is the only component of the skeletons ... [16 Related Articles]
- cartilaginous bone
- (from the article "skeletal system, human") The cranium is formed of bones of two different types of developmental origin-the cartilaginous, or substitution, bones, which replace cartilages preformed in the general shape of the bone; and membrane ...
- cartilaginous joint
- (from the article "joint") These joints, also called synchondroses, are the unossified masses between bones or parts of bones that pass through a cartilaginous stage before ossification. Examples are the synchondroses between the occipital ...
- Cartimandua
- queen of the Brigantes, a large tribe in northern Britain, whose rule depended upon support from the invading Roman armies. [1 Related Articles]
- Cartland, Dame Barbara
- English author of more than 700 books, mostly formulaic novels of romantic love set in the 19th century. [1 Related Articles]
- cartographic intelligence
- (from the article "intelligence") Derived from maps and charts, cartographic intelligence is crucial for all military operations. During the Falkland Islands War, for example, British forces depended heavily on cartography. They also interviewed schoolteachers ...
- cartography
- the art and science of graphically representing a geographical area, usually on a flat surface such as a map or chart; it may involve the superimposition of political, cultural, or ... [11 Related Articles]
- cartomancy
- (from the article "augury") ...the hexagram created by the tossing of yarrow stalks. Among the vast number of sources of augury, each with its own specialist jargon and ritual, were atmospheric phenomena (aeromancy), cards ...
- carton
- (from the article "termite") Arboreal nests are ovoid structures built of "carton" (a mixture of fecal matter and wood fragments), which resembles cardboard or papier-mache. Carton may be papery and fragile, or woody and ...
- Carton de Wiart, Henri, Comte
- statesman, jurist, and author who helped further governmental responsibility for social welfare in Belgium.
- cartoon
- originally, and still, a full-size sketch or drawing used as a pattern for a tapestry, painting, mosaic, or other graphic art form, but also, since the early 1840s, a pictorial ... [12 Related Articles]
- cartoon
- (from the article "rug and carpet") ...the mind and hand of the weaver or indirectly from a pattern drawn on paper. Using the latter technique, a rug can be executed directly from the pattern, or the ...
- Cartoon Painters of Tapestry, Association of
- (from the article "tapestry") In 1947 Lurcat founded the important Association des Peintures-Cartonniers de Tapisserie (Association of Cartoon Painters of Tapestry). Also active in this organization were the important French tapestry designers Marc Saint-Saens ...
- cartouche
- in architecture, ornamentation in scroll form, applied especially to elaborate frames around tablets or coats of arms; by extension, the word is applied to any oval shape or even to ... [2 Related Articles]
- cartridge
- in weaponry, unit of small-arms ammunition, composed of a metal (usually brass) case, a propellant charge, a projectile or bullet, and a primer. The first cartridges, appearing in the second ... [2 Related Articles]
- cartridge case
- (from the article "ammunition") Small-arms ammunition is always of the fixed type; complete rounds are usually called cartridges, and projectiles are called bullets (or shot in shotguns). Cartridge cases are most commonly made of ...
- cartridge clip
- (from the article "small arm") ...In 1885 Ferdinand Mannlicher of Austria had introduced a boxlike magazine fitted into the bottom of the rifle in front of the trigger guard. This magazine was easily loaded by ...
- Cartwright, Alexander Joy
- chief codifier of the baseball rules from which the present rules were developed. [1 Related Articles]
- Cartwright, Dame Silvia
- (from the article "New Zealand") Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 4,141,000 | Capital: Wellington | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Dame Silvia Cartwright and, from ...
- Cartwright, Edmund
- English inventor of the first wool-combing machine and of the predecessor of the modern power loom. [3 Related Articles]
- Cartwright, John
- advocate of radical reform of the British Parliament and of various constitutional changes that were later incorporated into the People's Charter (1838), the basic document of the working class movement ...
- Cartwright, Nancy
- (from the article "science, philosophy of") ...successful in different respects and to different degrees at characterizing the behaviour of bits and pieces of the natural world. This theme was thoroughly pursued by the American philosopher Nancy ...
- Cartwright, Peter
- Methodist circuit rider of the American frontier.
- Cartwright, Sir Richard John
- statesman and finance minister of Canada's Liberal Party; he supported free trade between the United States and Canada, in opposition to the trade protectionism of the Conservatives.
- Cartwright, Thomas
- (from the article "Parliament, Admonition to") ...government by ministers and elders rather than by a higher order of clergy (bishops). The Queen, however, resisted this document. The authors were imprisoned and the leader of the Presbyterians, ...
- Cartwright, William
- British writer greatly admired in his day as a poet, scholar, wit, and author of plays in the comic tradition of Ben Jonson.
- Caruaru
- city, eastern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Ipojuca River at 1,804 feet (550 metres) above sea level. Caruaru originated as a weekly market centre; it ...
- caruncle
- (from the article "primate") ...by hormones circulating at certain periods of the reproductive cycle. For instance, in the gelada (Theropithecus), the skin on the front of the female chest, which normally bears a string ...
- Carupano
- city, northern Sucre estado (state), northeastern Venezuela. It was founded in 1647 to be a centre of cacao production and trade; African slaves provided the necessary labour and contributed to ...
- Carus
- Roman emperor 282-283. [4 Related Articles]
- Carus, Carl Gustav
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...subjection to the spirit of God in nature; in suggesting through landscape the eternal presence of the Creator, he intended to induce in the beholder a state of religious awe. ...
- Caruso, David
- After emerging from virtual obscurity in late 1993 to become the actor labeled "TV's hunkiest tough guy" by early 1994 only to be branded a television pariah by late summer, ...
- Caruso, Enrico
- the most admired Italian operatic tenor of the early 20th century and one of the first musicians to document his voice on gramophone recordings. [4 Related Articles]
- Carvajal y Lancaster, Jose de
- (from the article "Spain") ...the work of Spanish ministers with a particular interest in the navy and foreign trade-Jose Patino, Zenon de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, marques de la Ensenada, and Jose de Carvajal y ...
- Carvajal y Mendoza, Luisa de
- missionary who, moved by the execution of the Jesuit Henry Walpole in 1595, decided to devote herself to the cause of the faith in England.
- Carvaka
- a quasi-philosophical Indian school of materialists who rejected the notion of an afterworld, karma, liberation (moksha), the authority of the sacred scriptures, the Vedas, and the immortality of the self. ... [5 Related Articles]
- Carvalho, Apolonio Pinto de
- Brazilian politician and activist (b. Feb. 9?, 1912, Corumba, Braz.-d. Sept. 23, 2005, Rio de Janeiro, Braz.), battled fascists at home, in Spain, and in France. He was an officer ...
- Carvalho, Bernardo
- (from the article "Brazilian literature") ...with works invoking such themes as multiculturalism, identity, and the insecurities of modern-day life. The most recognized of these novelists at the turn of the 21st century were Bernardo Carvalho, ...
- Carvalho, Daniel
- (from the article "Football") ...through a drive by Brazilian Rogerio Fidelis Regis. The Portuguese team held the lead until the 57th minute, when Aleksey Berezutsky equalized the score from a free kick taken by ...
- Carvalho, Henrique de
- (from the article "Saurimo") city, northeastern Angola. Located at an elevation of 3,557 feet (1,084 metres) above sea level, it is a garrison town and local market centre. Saurimo was formerly named after Henrique ...
- carvel
- (from the article "Celtic literature") More characteristic of Manx folk culture were the ballads and carols, or carvels. Among the most notable of the former are an Ossianic ballad describing the fate of Finn's enemy, ...
- carvel construction
- type of ship construction characteristic in Mediterranean waters during the Middle Ages, as contrasted with clinker construction in northern waters. In carvel construction the planks were fitted edge to edge ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carver chair
- American spool chair with a rush seat and turned (shaped on a lathe) legs that rise above the seat level to frame the back and to support the armrests. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carver, George Washington
- American agricultural chemist, agronomist, and experimenter whose development of new products derived from peanuts (groundnuts), sweet potatoes, and soybeans helped revolutionize the agricultural economy of the South. For most of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carver, John
- first governor of the Pilgrim settlement at Plymouth in New England. [1 Related Articles]
- Carver, Jonathan
- early explorer of North America and author of one of the most widely read travel and adventure books in that period. [1 Related Articles]
- Carver, Raymond
- American short-story writer and poet whose realistic writings about the working poor mirrored his own life. [2 Related Articles]
- Carver, Richard Michael Power Carver, Baron
- British field marshal (b. April 24, 1915, Bletchingley, Surrey, Eng.-d. Dec. 9, 2001, Fareham, Hampshire, Eng.), rose steadily through the military ranks from 1935, when he graduated from Sandhurst and ...
- Carver, Robert
- outstanding Scottish composer whose extant works include five masses and two motets. One of the motets, for 19 voices, was found in a large choir book compiled in the first ...
- carving
- (from the article "sculpture") Whatever material is used, the essential features of the direct method of carving are the same; the sculptor starts with a solid mass of material and reduces it systematically to ...
- Cary sisters
- American poets whose work was both moralistic and idealistic. Alice Cary (b. April 26, 1820, Mount Healthy, near Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S., -d. Feb. 12, 1871, New York, N.Y., ) ...
- Cary, Alice
- (from the article "Cary sisters") The Cary sisters grew up on a farm and received little schooling. Nevertheless they were for their time well educated, Alice by their mother and Phoebe by Alice, and they ...
- Cary, Annie Louise
- opera singer whose rich dramatic voice, three-octave range, and command of the grand style made her the foremost American contralto for a decade in the late 19th century.
- Cary, Elisabeth Luther
- American art and literary critic, best remembered as art critic of The New York Times during the first quarter of the 20th century.
- Cary, Henry Francis
- English biographer and translator, best known for his blank verse translation of The Divine Comedy of Dante.
- Cary, Joyce
- English novelist who developed a trilogy form in which each volume is narrated by one of three protagonists.
- Cary, Phoebe
- (from the article "Cary sisters") The Cary sisters grew up on a farm and received little schooling. Nevertheless they were for their time well educated, Alice by their mother and Phoebe by Alice, and they ...
- carya-padas
- (from the article "South Asian arts") While developments in Bengali literature began somewhat earlier, they followed the same general course as those in Hindi. The oldest documents are Buddhist didactic texts, called carya-padas ("lines on proper ...
- Carya-tantra
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...the initiate a diamond-like body beyond all duality. The four stages in the process are described in four different groups of tantras (the Kriya-tantra,
- caryatid
- in classical architecture, draped female figure used instead of a column as a support. In marble architecture they first appeared in pairs in three small buildings (treasuries) at Delphi (550-530 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Caryocar
- (from the article "Malpighiales") ...branches and have many long, spreading stamens; the petals are relatively inconspicuous. The seedling root is spirally twisted. The family contains 2 genera, Anthodiscus (15 species) and Caryocar (6 species), ...
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