| | - Carissimi, Giacomo
- one of the greatest Italian composers of the 17th century, chiefly notable for his oratorios and secular cantatas. [4 Related Articles]
- Carjat, Etienne
- (from the article "photography, history of") ...Such conventions were broken by several important subsequent photographers, notably Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, a Parisian writer, editor, and caricaturist who used the pseudonym of Nadar; Etienne Carjat, likewise a Parisian caricaturist; ...
- Carl XVI Gustaf
- king of Sweden from 1973. [5 Related Articles]
- Carle, Antonio
- (from the article "Bizzozero, Giulio") ...Edoardo Bassini, the surgeon who perfected the operation for inguinal hernia (Bassini's operation); Carlo Forlanini, who introduced therapeutic pneumothorax in treating pulmonary tuberculosis; and Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone, who ...
- Carleson, Lennart
- Swedish mathematician and winner of the 2006 Abel Prize "for his profound and seminal contributions to harmonic analysis and the theory of smooth dynamical systems." These include his work with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carleton College
- private coeducational, nonsectarian institution of higher learning in Northfield, Minnesota, U.S., about 40 miles (65 km) south of Minneapolis. In 1866 the Minnesota Conference of Congregational Churches founded Northfield College, ...
- Carleton, Dudley
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...Seen in these terms, Spain could scarcely avoid military intervention in favour of Ferdinand; but to Protestant observers the logic of Spanish intervention seemed aggressive rather than defensive. Dudley Carleton, ...
- Carleton, Mount
- highest point (2,680 feet [817 m]) in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) of Canada, 70 miles (110 km) east of Edmundston, N.B., near Nictau ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carleton, William
- prolific writer who realistically portrayed the life of the rural Irish. [1 Related Articles]
- Carletonville
- town, principal mining centre of the Far West Witwatersrand goldfields, North-West province, north-central South Africa, west of Johannesburg. Carletonville was originally an unplanned settlement established between 1937 and 1957 as ...
- Carlile, Richard
- Radical English journalist who was a notable champion of the freedom of the press. Although convinced that the free propagation of ideas was more important than specific reforms, he was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carlin, George
- American comedian began working in the late 1950s as a wise-cracking radio disc jockey and low-key stand-up comedian known for such whimsical routines as "Wonderful WINO" and the "Hippy Dippy ...
- Carling, Will
- English rugby union football player who was England's most successful and longest-serving captain.
- Carlini, Armando
- Italian philosopher whose Christian spiritualism synthesized contemporary theories espoused by Giovanni Gentile and Benedetto Croce about the nature of phenomena. Basing his theory on the dichotomy of God and worldliness, ...
- Carlinville
- city, seat (1829) of Macoupin county, west-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Springfield. The first settlement on the site, in an area known as ...
- Carlisle
- (from the article "Carlisle") urban area and city (district), administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Cumberland, England, on the Scottish border.
- Carlisle
- borough (town), seat (1751) of Cumberland county, southern Pennsylvania, U.S., in the Cumberland Valley, 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Harrisburg. James Le Tort, a French-Swiss Indian trader, settled with ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carlisle
- urban area and city (district), administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Cumberland, England, on the Scottish border. [1 Related Articles]
- Carlisle Cathedral
- (from the article "Carlisle") The cathedral was originally the church of the Augustinian priory (founded 1093), but much of this building was destroyed by fire in 1292 and 1392. Only part of the Norman ...
- Carlisle Commission
- 1778, during U.S. War of Independence, group of British negotiators sent in 1778, to effect a reconciliation with the 13 insurgent colonies by a belated offer of self-rule within the ...
- Carlisle Indian Boarding School
- (from the article "Native American") However, the so-called Indian schools were often led by men of assimilationist convictions so deep as to be racist. One example is Carlisle Indian Industrial School (in Carlisle, Pa.) founder ...
- Carlisle, Anthony
- (from the article "electromagnetism") Within six weeks of Volta's report, two English scientists, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle, used a chemical battery to discover electrolysis (the process in which an electric current produces a ...
- Carlisle, Charles Howard, 3rd earl of
- chief minister of Great Britain from Dec. 30, 1701, to May 6, 1702, and from May 23 to Oct. 11, 1715.
- Carlisle, John G(riffin)
- lawyer, legislator, and government official. He served as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (1883-89) and secretary of the Treasury (1893-97).
- Carlisle, Kitty
- American actress was an effervescent entertainer who performed onstage and in films but was best remembered as a guest panelist on the TV game shows What's My Line? and ...
- Carlisle, Lucy Hay, countess of
- intriguer and conspirator during the English Civil Wars, celebrated by many poets of the day, including Thomas Carew, William Cartwright, Robert Herrick, and Sir John Suckling.
- Carlisle, Sir James
- (from the article "Antigua and Barbuda") Area: 442 sq km (171 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 85,900 | Capital: Saint John's | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Sir James Carlisle and, ...
- Carlism
- a Spanish political movement of traditionalist character, originating in the 1820s in the apostolico or extreme clerical party and mobilized in 1827 in the form of paramilitary ... [7 Related Articles]
- Carlist wars
- (from the article "Carlism") The disputed succession and its ideological overtones provoked the Carlist War of 1833-39. Although the Carlists were defeated, thereafter they upheld their cause in the face of the constitutional regime ...
- Carlit Peak
- (from the article "Pyrenees") ...and the rest of Europe; as a consequence, these two countries traditionally have developed stronger associations with Africa than with the rest of Europe, and they have become tied to ...
- Carlo, conte di Firmian of Trent
- (from the article "Italy") In Vienna the Department of Italy oversaw Milanese affairs after 1757 and orchestrated a second wave of reforms during the 1760s. Another imperial official, Carlo, conte di Firmian of Trent, ...
- Carloforte
- only town on the small Isola di San Pietro (area 20 sq mi [52 sq km]), just off the southwest coast of Sardinia, Italy. The town was named after Charles ...
- Carloman
- eldest son of Louis II the German and Emma and father of the emperor Arnulf. Appointed by his father to govern the eastern frontier of Bavaria, Carloman rebelled against his ...
- Carloman
- the younger brother of Charlemagne, with whom, at the instance of their father, Pippin III the Short, he was anointed king of the Franks in 754 by Pope Stephen II ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carloman
- Frankish prince, son of Charles Martel and brother of Pippin III the Short. [4 Related Articles]
- Carloman
- second son of Louis II and king of France or the West Franks (882-884). On Louis II's death (879) Carloman was associated with his brother Louis III as king of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carlos de Austria
- prince of Asturias, son of King Philip II of Spain and Maria of Portugal, heir to the Spanish throne, whose hatred for his father led him to conspire with the ...
- Carlos Luis De Borbon, Count De Montemolin
- the second Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist, Spanish pretender (as Charles VI) who twice attempted unsuccessfully to seize the throne and who by perpetuating the breach within the Bourbon royal family ...
- Carlos Maria de los Dolores de Borbon y Austria-este, duke de Madrid
- the fourth Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist, pretender to the Spanish throne (as Charles VII) whose military incompetence and lack of leadership led to the final decline of the Carlist cause.
- Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbon, conde de Molina
- the first Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne (as Charles V) and the second surviving son of King Charles IV (see Carlism). [5 Related Articles]
- Carlos, John
- (from the article "Smith, Tommie") Smith competed for San Jose (California) State College. At the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, he won the gold medal for the 200-metre race, but he and a teammate, ...
- Carlota
- wife of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. [2 Related Articles]
- Carlota Joaquina
- (from the article "Michael") ...family to Brazil in 1807, escaping from Napoleon's armies, but returned with them in 1821 to Portugal. He was then-and remained-much under the influence of his Spanish mother, Queen Carlota ...
- Carlow
- county in the province of Leinster, southeastern Ireland. One of the smallest Irish counties, Carlow is bounded by Counties Kildare (north), Wicklow and Wexford (east), and Kilkenny and Laoighis (west). ...
- Carlow
- urban district and county seat, County Carlow, Ireland, on the left bank of the River Barrow. An Anglo-Norman stronghold, the town received charters of incorporation in the 13th and 17th ...
- Carlowitz, Treaty of
- (Jan. 26, 1699), peace settlement that ended hostilities (1683-99) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Austria, Poland, Venice, and Russia) and transferred Transylvania and much of Hungary from ... [10 Related Articles]
- Carlsbad
- city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. Located 35 miles (55 km) north of San Diego, Carlsbad lies along a lagoon on the Pacific Ocean just south of Oceanside, in ...
- Carlsbad
- city, seat (1889) of Eddy county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S. It lies on the right bank of the Pecos River. Founded in 1887 and first known as Eddy (for its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carlsbad Caverns National Park
- area of the Chihuahuan Desert in southeastern New Mexico, U.S., near the base of the Guadalupe Mountains (a segment of the Sacramento Mountains). It was established in 1923 as a ...
- Carlsbad Decrees
- series of resolutions (Beschlusse) issued by a conference of ministers from the major German states, meeting at the Bohemian spa of Carlsbad (now Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic) on Aug. 6-31, ... [4 Related Articles]
- Carlsbad twin
- (from the article "feldspar") Both crystals and irregularly shaped grains of feldspars are commonly twinned. Some individual grains are twinned in two or more ways. Two common kinds of twinning-those designated Carlsbad twinning and ...
- Carlsberg Ridge
- submarine ridge of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The ridge is a portion of the Mid-Indian Ridge and extends from near Rodrigues Island to the Gulf of Aden, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Carlsen, Nils
- (from the article "Curling") Canada's Kyle George won the men's title at the world junior championships in Pinerolo, Italy, with a 6-5 victory in an extra end over Sweden's Nils Carlsen. Logan Gray of ...
- Carlson's Raiders
- (from the article "Carlson, Evans") U.S. Marine officer during World War II who led guerrilla fighters (Carlson's Raiders) on daring military incursions in the Pacific area.
- Carlson, Chester F.
- American physicist who was the inventor of xerography, an electrostatic dry-copying process that found applications ranging from office copying to reproducing out-of-print books. [1 Related Articles]
- Carlson, Evans
- U.S. Marine officer during World War II who led guerrilla fighters (Carlson's Raiders) on daring military incursions in the Pacific area.
- Carlsson, Arvid
- Swedish pharmacologist who, along with Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel, was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his research establishing dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in ...
- Carlsson, Ingvar Gosta
- (from the article "Sweden") On Feb. 28, 1986, Prime Minister Palme was assassinated, shocking a country unused to political violence (this was the first political assassination in modern Swedish history). He was replaced by ...
- Carlstadt, Andreas Rudolf Bodenstein von
- German theologian and early supporter of Martin Luther who later dissented from Lutheran views by pressing for more extensive reforms in theology and church life. [2 Related Articles]
- Carlsten
- (from the article "lighthouse") ...However, the greatly increased intensity and the advantage of using a pattern of flashes to identify the light gradually overcame their objections. The first revolving-beam lighthouse was at Carlsten, near ...
- Carlton Communications
- (from the article "Cameron, David") ...a special adviser to Norman Lamont, then chancellor of the Exchequer, and the following year he undertook the same role for Michael Howard, then home secretary. Cameron joined the media ...
- Carlton, Steve
- professional baseball player. In 1983 Carlton became the second pitcher to surpass Walter Johnson's career record of 3,508 strikeouts (Nolan Ryan was the first). [1 Related Articles]
- Carlucci, Frank
- (from the article "Powell, Colin") ...and 1968-69, and then studied at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. In 1972 he took his first political position, as a White House fellow, and soon became an assistant ...
- Carlyle, Thomas
- British historian and essayist, whose major works include The French Revolution, 3 vol. (1837), On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (1841), and The History of Friedrich II of ... [11 Related Articles]
- Carmack, John
- (from the article "DOOM") ...to styles of play, notions of authorship, and public scrutiny of game content. The authors of DOOM were a group of programmers, led by John Romero and ...
- Carmagnola, Il
- (from the article "condottiere") Less fortunate was another great condottiere, Carmagnola, who first served one of the viscounts of Milan and then conducted the wars of Venice against his former masters but at last ...
- carmagnole
- originally, a Piedmontese peasant costume (from the Italian town of Carmagnola) that was well known in the south of France and brought to Paris by the revolutionaries of Marseille in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carman, Bliss
- Canadian regional poet of the Maritime Provinces and the New England region of the United States who is remembered chiefly for poignant love poems and one or two rhapsodies in ...
- Carman, George Alfred
- British barrister (b. Oct. 6, 1929, Blackpool, Lancashire, Eng.-d. Jan. 2, 2001, London, Eng.), was renowned for his devastating cross-examinations, mastery of forensic details, and adroit courtroom witticisms, as well ...
- Carmania
- (from the article "Alexander the Great") ...satraps of Persis, Susiana, Carmania, and Paraetacene; three generals in Media, including Cleander, the brother of Coenus (who had died a little earlier), were accused of extortion and summoned to ...
- Carmarthen
- town, administrative centre of the historic and present county of Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin), Wales. The town of Carmarthen is located on the River Tywi 8 miles (13 km) above its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carmarthenshire
- county of southwestern Wales, extending inland from the Bristol Channel. The present county is coterminous with the historic county of the same name. It rises from sea level along the ...
- Carme
- (from the article "Moons of Jupiter") Before the turn of the 21st century, eight outer moons were known, comprising two distinct orbital families (as can be seen in the table). The more distant group-made up of ...
- Carmel
- city, Monterey county, western California, U.S. It lies on the Carmel River and Carmel Bay, adjacent to Monterey, at the northern edge of the Big Sur region. The river was ...
- Carmel Canyon
- (from the article "Monterey Canyon") ...America. The canyon has three tributaries at its upper reaches in Monterey Bay, California: minor Soquel Canyon to the north, the main Monterey Canyon head aligned east-west off Moss Landing, ...
- Carmel Church
- (from the article "Lisbon") The Se and most of the churches were repaired or rebuilt, but the 14th-century Carmel (Carmo) Church was left as it was. Looming from its hilltops over the Baixa, the ...
- Carmel Sea
- (from the article "Jurassic Period") In the western interior of North America, the Middle Jurassic is characterized by a series of six marine incursions. These epicontinental seaways are referred to collectively as the Carmel and ...
- Carmel, Mount
- mountain range, northwestern Israel; the city of Haifa is on its northeastern slope. It divides the Plain of Esdraelon ('Emeq Yizre'el) and the Galilee (east and north) from the coastal ... [4 Related Articles]
- Carmelite
- member of one of the four great mendicant orders (those orders whose corporate as well as personal poverty made it necessary for them to beg for alms) of the Middle ... [3 Related Articles]
- Carmet, Jean-Gabriel-Edmond
- French actor (b. April 25, 1920, Tours, France--d. April 20, 1994, Sevres, near Paris, France), appeared in some 200 motion pictures in a career that spanned 50 years. Carmet began ...
- Carmichael, Hoagy
- American composer, singer, self-taught pianist, and actor who wrote several of the most highly regarded popular standards in American music. [1 Related Articles]
- Carmichael, Leonard
- U.S. psychologist and educator who, as secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1953 to 1964, was responsible for the modernization of the "nation's attic."
- Carmichael, Stokely
- West-Indian-born civil-rights activist, leader of black nationalism in the United States in the 1960s and originator of its rallying slogan, "black power." [2 Related Articles]
- Carmina Burana
- 13th-century manuscript that contains songs (the Carmina Burana proper) and six religious plays. The contents of the manuscript are attributed to the goliards (q.v.), wandering scholars and students in western ... [3 Related Articles]
- carmine
- red or purplish-red pigment obtained from cochineal (q.v.), a red dyestuff extracted from the dried bodies of certain female scale insects native to tropical and subtropical America. Carmine was used ... [1 Related Articles]
- Carmo Silveira, Maria do
- (from the article "Sao Tome and Principe") Area: 1,001 sq km (386 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 152,000 | Capital: Sao Tome | Chief of state: President Fradique de Menezes | Head of government: Prime Ministers ...
- Carmona
- town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain; it overlooks the Andalusian Plain from its site on a ...
- Carmona, Antonio Oscar de Fragoso
- Portuguese general and statesman who rose to political prominence in the wake of the successful military revolt of 1926 and who, as president of Portugal from 1928 to 1951, served ... [2 Related Articles]
- Carnac
- village, Morbihan departement, Bretagne (Brittany) region, western France, near the Atlantic coast, just southwest of Auray. It is the site of more than 3,000 prehistoric stone monuments. ... [1 Related Articles]
- carnallite
- a soft, white halide mineral, hydrated potassium and magnesium chloride (KMgCl3·6H2O), that is a source of potassium for fertilizers. Carnallite occurs with other chloride minerals in the upper layers of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Carnap, Rudolf
- German-born U.S. philosopher of Logical Positivism. He made important contributions to logic, the analysis of language, the theory of probability, and the philosophy of science. [17 Related Articles]
- Carnarvon Gorge
- gorge in southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the eastern slopes of Carnarvon Range of the Great Dividing Range. The gorge, sometimes called "The Grand Canyon of Queensland," is about 20 miles ...
- Carnarvon National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...sections the sandstone has been so undercut by erosion that hikers at the bottom cannot see the top directly upward. The gorge is the central feature of the 969-square-mile (2,510-square-kilometre) ...
- Carnarvon Range
- plateau section of the Great Dividing Range, southeast-central Queensland, Australia. The Carnarvon Range lies 230 to 280 miles (370 to 450 km) inland from the coast west of Bundaberg and ...
- Carnarvon Terms
- (from the article "Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th earl of") ...its federal system and dominion status. In his second term of office, however, his 1875 proposal for a South African federation on the Canadian pattern failed. In 1878 he proposed ...
- Carnarvon, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th earl of, Baron Porchester Of Highclere
- British Egyptologist who was the patron and associate of archaeologist Howard Carter in the discovery of the tomb of King Tutankhamen.
- Carnarvon, Henry George Reginald Molyneux Herbert, 7th earl of
- British horse racing manager (b. Jan. 19, 1924, Highclere, Hampshire, Eng.-d. Sept. 11, 2001, Winchester, Hampshire), managed a stud farm and a racing stable for his own horses and those ...
- Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th earl of
- British statesman, a liberally inclined member of Conservative Party governments, who tried, with varying success, to establish federal self-government in British overseas possessions. [3 Related Articles]
- Carnatic music
- music of southern India (generally south of the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh state) that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions and was relatively unaffected by the Arabic and Iranian ... [5 Related Articles]
- Carnatic Wars
- series of military contests during the 18th century between the British, the French, the Marathas, and Mysore for control of the coastal strip of eastern India from Nellore (north of ...
- carnation
- (Dianthus caryophyllus), herbaceous plant of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae), native to the Mediterranean area. It is widely cultivated for its fringe-petaled flowers, which often have a spicy fragrance.
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