| | - Cousins, Robin
- English figure skater who combined athletic jumping skills with an exceptional talent for artistic impression to win an Olympic gold medal at the 1980 Winter Games in Lake Placid, New ...
- Cousins, Samuel
- English mezzotint engraver, preeminently the interpreter of the painter Sir Thomas Lawrence.
- Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
- French naval officer and ocean explorer, known for his extensive underseas investigations. [2 Related Articles]
- Coustou, Guillaume
- French sculptor who received many royal commissions. His style was narrative and dramatic, with some affinity to Rococo works. [3 Related Articles]
- Coustou, Nicolas
- French sculptor whose style was based upon the academic grand manner of the sculptors who decorated the Palace of Versailles, though with some of the freedom of the Rococo manner. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Cousy, Bob
- American professional basketball player and coach and collegiate coach, who was one of the greatest ball-handling guards in the National Basketball Association (NBA), expert both at scoring and at playmaking. [1 Related Articles]
- Coutance, Louis
- (from the article "Nassau Island") ...Nassau is oval in shape. Surrounded by a fringing reef, the island has sand dunes 35 feet (11 metres) high. The first European sighting of Nassau appears to have been ...
- Coutances
- town, Manche departement, in the Basse-Normandie region of northwestern France, on the Soulle River, near the English Channel. As Cosedia, it was one of ...
- Coutchiching Series
- division of rocks in the region of northern Minnesota and Ontario radiometrically dated to have formed about 2.6 billion years ago during Precambrian Time (the Precambrian lasted from 3.96 billion ...
- Couthon, Georges
- close associate of Robespierre and Louis de Saint-Just on the Committee of Public Safety that ruled Revolutionary France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship and Reign of Terror (1793-94). [1 Related Articles]
- Coutinho, Afranio
- (from the article "Brazilian literature") Scholars dispute the actual beginning of Brazilian literature. Afranio Coutinho, for instance, interprets Brazilian literature as the expression of the nativist experiences in the New World. But Coutinho also underscores ...
- Coutinho, Sonia
- (from the article "Brazilian literature") ...writers who blossomed during this period confronted issues of independence, confinement, rage, madness, silence, lesbianism, and sexual freedom. Among the notable female writers of this period are Sonia Coutinho, whose ...
- Coutinho, Vasco Fernandes
- (from the article "Vitoria") ...Santo estado (state), eastern Brazil. It is situated on the western side of Vitoria Island, in Espirito Santo Bay. Founded in 1535 by Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, who ...
- Couto, Diogo do
- (from the article "Camoes, Luis de") ...to have been like those of thousands of Portuguese scattered at the time from Africa to Japan, whose survival and fortunes were, as he says, always hanging from divine providence's ...
- Coutras, Battle of
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...impact and clarity of a clarion call. The outcome of the war hinged on the encounter between Henry and the army of Henry III, who had come increasingly under the ...
- Coutts, Russell
- To celebrate his 38th birthday, on March 1, 2000, yachtsman Russell Coutts tied a 97-year-old record when he skippered Team New Zealand to its ninth straight winning race with him ... [1 Related Articles]
- coutume
- (French: "custom"), in French law, the body of law in force before the Revolution of 1789 in northern and central France. The word is also used in modern France to ...
- Couturat, Louis
- French philosopher and logician who sought a universal language and symbolic-logic system to study the history of philosophy and the philosophy of mathematics. [1 Related Articles]
- Couture, Randy
- (from the article "Mixed Martial Arts Makes Its Mark") ...to lose money-with some estimates of the red ink at $40 million-before it began to find a profitable niche. A trilogy of fights between Chuck ("the Iceman") Liddell and Randy ...
- Couture, Thomas
- academic painter best known for his portraits and historical genre pictures such as "The Romans of the Decadence" (1847), which created a sensation at the Salon of 1847. [1 Related Articles]
- couvade
- (from French couver "to hatch") ritual behaviour undertaken, usually by a man, during or around the birth of a child. Historically, couvade has been poorly defined; it has encompassed practices ... [3 Related Articles]
- Couve de Murville, Maurice
- French diplomat and economist who served a record term as foreign minister (1958-68). Known for his cool, competent professionalism in foreign affairs and finance, Couve de Murville was considered the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Couzy, Jean
- (from the article "Makalu") ...Mount Everest. Makalu had been observed by climbers of Mount Everest, but attempts to ascend its steep, glacier-covered sides did not begin until 1954. On May 15, 1955, two members-Jean ...
- Covadonga
- village, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It lies east of Oviedo city, at the head of the Sella River ...
- Covadonga Mountains National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") Southeast of the village, in the Europa Peaks, is the Covadonga Mountains National Park, which was established in 1918. The park's heavily wooded area of 65 square miles (169 square ...
- Covadonga, Battle of
- (from the article "Covadonga") ...of the Sella River valley, near the base of the Europa Peaks, which form the highest massif of the Cantabrian Mountains. The village is noted as the reputed site of ...
- covalent bond
- DPin chemistry, the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. The binding arises from the electrostatic attraction of their nuclei ... [28 Related Articles]
- covalent carbide
- (from the article "carbide") There are only two carbides that are considered completely covalent; they are formed with the two elements that are most similar to carbon in size and electronegativity, boron (B) and ...
- covalent compound
- (from the article "amide") any member of either of two classes of nitrogen-containing compounds related to ammonia and amines. The covalent amides are neutral or very weakly acidic substances formed by replacement of the ...
- covalent crystal
- (from the article "chemical bonding") There exists a class of solids called network solids in which the bonding is essentially due to a network of covalent bonds that extends throughout the solid. Such solids are ...
- covalent radius
- (from the article "atomic radius") ...between the pair of chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule and between the carbon atoms in diamond are examples of covalent bonds. In these and similar cases, the atomic radius ...
- covalent solid
- (from the article "electronics") ...Because of this equality in the number of positively and negatively charged constituent particles, the atom as a whole is electrically uncharged. When atoms are combined into certain solids called ...
- covalent-ionic resonance
- (from the article "chemical bonding") Even a homonuclear bond, which is a bond between atoms of the same element (as in Cl2), is not purely covalent, because a more accurate description would be in terms ...
- covariance
- (from the article "probability theory") ...and a = E(Y) − bE(X). The numerator of the expression for b is called the covariance of X and Y and is denoted Cov(X, Y). Let Y = a + bX denote the optimal linear predictor. The mean ...
- Covarrubias, Antonio de
- (from the article "Greco, El") ...continued to live in Toledo, busily engaged on commissions for the churches and monasteries there and in the province. He became a close friend of the leading humanists, scholars, and ...
- Covarrubias, Miguel
- Mexican painter, writer, and anthropologist.
- Covas, Mario
- Brazilian politician (b. April 21, 1930, Santos, Braz.-d. March 6, 2001, Sao Paulo, Braz.), was one of Brazil's most influential and respected politicians and a founder of the Brazilian Social ...
- Covasna
- judet (county), east-central Romania. The eastern Carpathian Mountains, including the Vrancei and Baraolt ranges, rise above settlement areas in the valleys of the county, which is drained southwestward by the ...
- covellite
- a sulfide mineral that is a copper ore, cupric sulfide (CuS). It typically occurs as an alteration product of other copper sulfide minerals (chalcopyrites, chalcocite, and bornite) present in the ...
- coven
- basic group in which witches are said to gather. One of the chief proponents of the theory of a coven was the English Egyptologist Margaret Murray in her work The ... [2 Related Articles]
- covenant
- (from the article "contract") From perhaps the 13th century on, English common law dealt with contractual problems primarily through two actions: debt and covenant. When a fixed sum of money was owed, under an ...
- covenant
- (from the article "servitude") ...profits. Easements allow the right to enter and use, for a specified purpose, land that is owned by another (e.g., the right to install and maintain an electric power line ...
- covenant
- a binding promise of far-reaching importance in the relations between individuals, groups, and nations. It has social, legal, religious, and other aspects. This discussion is concerned primarily with the term ... [19 Related Articles]
- Covenant of the League of Nations
- (from the article "war") ...see war, law of.) As far as the legality of war is concerned, there has arisen in the 20th century a general consensus among states, expressed in several international treaties, ...
- covenant theology
- type of Reformed (Calvinist) theology emphasizing the notion of a covenant, or alliance, instituted by God, which humans are obligated to keep. This concept was developed in the latter part ... [1 Related Articles]
- Covenanter
- any of the Scottish Presbyterians who at various crises during the 17th century subscribed to bonds or covenants, notably to the National Covenant (1638) and to the Solemn League and ... [9 Related Articles]
- Covent Garden
- square in the City of Westminster, London. It lies just northwest of the Strand. For more than 300 years it held the principal fruit, flower, and vegetable market of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Coventry
- (from the article "Coventry") city and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Midlands, historic county of Warwickshire, England.
- Coventry
- city and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Midlands, historic county of Warwickshire, England. [3 Related Articles]
- Coventry
- town (township), Tolland county, east-central Connecticut, U.S., on the Willimantic River amid rolling hills. Although the area, known as Waramaug, was first settled about 1700, only in 1709 did a ...
- Coventry, Kirsty
- (from the article "Swimming") ...when she won both the 200-m and 400-m individual medley for the second straight Olympics. No other woman had won both medleys in one Olympiad or had repeated as Olympic ...
- Coventry, Sir John
- English politician, remembered for his connection with the Coventry Act of 1671.
- Coventry, Sir William
- English statesman, one of the ablest and most respected figures of Charles II's reign.
- Coventry, Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron
- English lawyer, lord keeper of England from 1625 to 1640.
- cover collapse sink
- (from the article "cave") ...form by the dissolution of bedrock at the intersections of joints or fractures. Others result from the collapse of cave roofs, and still others form entirely within the soil. The ...
- cover crop
- (from the article "fruit farming") ...to depths of three to six feet (one to two metres). In very infertile sites, or sites where the physical condition of the surface soil is poor, it may be ...
- cover subsidence sink
- (from the article "cave") ...of bedrock at the intersections of joints or fractures. Others result from the collapse of cave roofs, and still others form entirely within the soil. The latter, known as cover ...
- Coverdale, Miles
- bishop of Exeter, Eng., who translated (rather freely; he was inexpert in Latin and Greek) the first printed English Bible. [3 Related Articles]
- Coverdell, Paul
- American politician (b. Jan. 20, 1939, Des Moines, Iowa-d. July 18, 2000, Atlanta, Ga.), was a Republican U.S. senator from Georgia from 1993 until his death. After working in his ...
- covered bridge
- timber-truss structure carrying a roadway over a river or other obstacle, popular in folklore and art but also of major significance in engineering history. The function of the roof and ...
- covered roasting
- (from the article "braising") the cooking of meat or vegetables by heating them slowly with oil and moisture in a tightly sealed vessel. Braising differs from stewing, in which the food is immersed in ...
- covering
- (from the article "combinatorics") It is easily seen that six equal circular disks may be placed around another disk of the same size so that the central one is touched by all the others ...
- covering
- (from the article "international payment and exchange") Foreign exchange advisers to corporations had to watch for such possibilities and propose a readjustment of assets entailing a movement out of the weak currency. It was not necessary that ...
- Coverley, Sir Roger de
- (from the article "English literature") ...after the laxity of the Restoration and wrote extensively, with descriptive and reformative intent, about social and family relations. Their political allegiances were Whig, and in their creation of Sir ...
- covert
- (from the article "integument") The wing tract includes the flight feathers proper (remiges) and their coverts (tectrices). The remiges include the primaries, arising from the "hand" and digits and attached to the hand's skeleton; ...
- covert action
- (from the article "intelligence") ...to refer to the collection, analysis, and distribution of such information and to secret intervention in the political or economic affairs of other countries, an activity commonly known as "covert ...
- covert conditioning
- (from the article "aversion therapy") ...such as nausea, when combined with the undesirable behaviour; this method has been common in the treatment of alcoholism, in which the therapeutic drug and the alcohol together cause the ...
- coverture
- Anglo-American common-law concept, derived from feudal Norman custom, that dictated a woman's subordinate legal status during marriage. Prior to marriage a woman could freely execute a will, enter into contracts, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Covic, Dragan
- (from the article "Bosnia and Herzegovina") ...3,853,000 | Capital: Sarajevo | Heads of state: Nominally a tripartite (Serb, Croat, Muslim) presidency with a chair that rotates every eight months; members in 2005 were Borislav Paravac (Serb); ...
- Covilha, Pero da
- early Portuguese explorer of Africa, who established relations between Portugal and Ethiopia. [1 Related Articles]
- coving
- in architecture, concave molding or arched section of wall surface. An example is the curved soffit connecting the top of an exterior wall to a projecting eave. The curve typically ...
- Covington
- city, one of the seats of Kenton county (the other being Independence), north-central Kentucky, U.S. It is situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking rivers, adjoining Newport (east) ...
- cow
- (from the article "cow") in animal husbandry, the mature female of domesticated cattle (q.v.).PHOTOGRAPHSBrangus cowBrangus cow.Henry Elder/Encyclo
- cow parsnip
- broadly, any plant of the genus Heracleum, in the parsley family (Apiaceae). The genus comprises about 60 species, which are distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and on tropical mountains. ...
- cow, sanctity of the
- in Hinduism, the belief that the cow is representative of divine and natural beneficence and should therefore be protected and venerated. The cow has also been associated with various deities, ... [1 Related Articles]
- cow-dung bomb
- (from the article "bomb") ...shape is determined by the initial size, viscosity, and flight velocity of the lava bomb. Some, called spindle bombs, are shaped like a football or spindle of thread; others, called ...
- cow-nosed ray
- (from the article "stingray") Two other families, the butterfly rays (Gymnuridae) and cow-nosed rays (Rhinopteridae), are found in shallow coastal waters of tropical and warm temperate seas and reach widths of about 2 m.
- Cowan, Edith
- (from the article "Western Australia") ...in the House of Representatives in 1943. That same year, Western Australia sent the first woman into the federal Senate, having already elected Australia's first woman member of a state ...
- Cowan, J.
- (from the article "tank") ...devices used by the Assyrians in the 9th century BC. The two ideas began to merge in the battle cars proposed in 1335 by Guido da Vigevano, in 1484 by ...
- Coward, Sir Noel
- English playwright, actor, and composer best known for highly polished comedies of manners. [5 Related Articles]
- cowbane
- any of several poisonous plants, including seven species of Oxypolis, in the parsley family (Apiaceae), that are especially poisonous to cattle. The plants grow in marshes and are widely distributed ...
- cowberry
- (from the article "cranberry") Other fruits of species in the genus Vaccinium are erroneously called cranberries. The cowberry, or foxberry (V. vitis-idaea), also known as mountain, or rock, cranberry, or as lingonberry, is not ...
- cowbird
- any of five species of birds that belong to the family Icteridae (order Passeriformes) that are named for their habit of associating with cattle in order to prey upon insects ... [1 Related Articles]
- cowboy
- in the western United States, a horseman skilled at handling cattle, an indispensable labourer in the cattle industry of the trans-Mississippi west, and a romantic figure in American folklore. Pioneers ... [10 Related Articles]
- cowboy hat
- (from the article "sombrero") In Mexico the brim of the sombrero could be as much as two feet (60 centimetres) wide. Adopted by ranchers and frontiersmen in the United States, the sombrero was modified ...
- Cowbridge
- market town, Vale of Glamorgan county, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), Wales. Centrally located in the Vale of Glamorgan, Cowbridge dates from the 14th century and prospered as the chief ... [1 Related Articles]
- Cowdray, Weetman Dickinson Pearson, 1st Viscount
- British engineer and a developer of the Mexican petroleum industry.
- Cowdrey, Colin
- British cricket player and administrator (b. Dec. 24, 1932, Putumala, India-d. Dec. 5, 2000, Angmering, West Sussex, Eng.), was one of England's finest batsmen and the first player to represent ...
- Cowell, Henry
- American composer who, with Charles Ives, was among the most innovative American composers of the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Cowell, Simon
- English entrepreneur, recording executive, and television producer and personality, known for his harsh criticism of contestants on the show Pop Idol and its American spin-off, [1 Related Articles]
- Cowen, Brian
- Irish politician who was deputy prime minister of Ireland (2007- ), leader of Fianna Fail (2008- ), and prime minister of Ireland (2008- ). [1 Related Articles]
- Cowen, Sir Frederic Hymen
- conductor, pianist, and composer who was widely regarded as one of the most versatile British musicians of his time.
- Cowens, Dave
- (from the article "Boston Celtics") Havlicek was still a key contributor, along with Dave Cowens, Paul Silas, and Jo Jo White, on teams that won titles in 1973-74 and 1975-76. In the 1980s the NBA ...
- Cowes
- town at the northern extremity of the Isle of Wight, historic county of Hampshire, England, 11 miles (18 km) south of Southampton. The estuary of the River Medina separates East ...
- Cowes Castle
- (from the article "Cowes") Cowes Castle (1540) was built for coastal defense by Henry VIII; it has been the headquarters of the Royal Yacht Squadron (founded 1815) since 1856. Nearby Osborne House became Queen ...
- Cowie, Mervyn Hugh
- British wildlife conservationist who was the founder and, for 20 years, director of Kenya's Royal National Parks; he also assisted in the development of parks and tourism throughout East Africa ...
- cowl
- (from the article "fluid mechanics") ...edge; the current of air channeled through this slot imparts forward momentum to the fluid in the boundary layer on the upper surface of the wing to hinder this fluid ...
- cowl
- hooded cloak worn by monks, usually the same colour as the habit of the order. Originally a common outer garment worn by both men and women, it was prescribed by ...
- Cowl, Jane
- highly successful American playwright and actress of the first half of the 20th century.
- Cowles Commission for Research in Economics
- (from the article "Koopmans, Tjalling C.") In 1944 Koopmans joined the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics at the University of Chicago, where he extended his technique to a wide variety of economic problems. When the ...
- Cowles family
- publishing family known for Look and other mass magazines popular in the mid-20th century and for the newspapers it developed in two important regions of the United States.
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