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C: computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by American computer scientist Dennis M. Ritchie at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T Bell Laboratories). C was designed as a minimalist language to ... [1 Related Articles]
C band: (from the article "radar") ...It is similar in principle to Nexrad but is a shorter-range system since it has to observe dangerous weather phenomena only in the vicinity of an airport. It operates from ...
C clef: (from the article "clef") The C clef, or movable C clef, determines the position of middle C. It is commonly found in two principal positions: as an alto clef (standard for the viola), in ...
C fibre: (from the article "pain") ...therefore, they are associated with the sharp, well-localized pain that first occurs. These fibres are thinly myelinated and are activated by mechanical and thermal stimuli. Smaller, unmyelinated C fibres respond ...
C horizon: (from the article "soil") Below the A and B horizons is the C horizon, a zone of little or no humus accumulation or soil structure development. The C horizon often is composed of unconsolidated ...
C ring: (from the article "Saturn") ...in optical depth, with an average value of 0.1. The A ring extends from 2.02 to 2.27 Saturn radii and has optical depths of 0.4 to 1.0. Interior to the ...
C&G Trophy: (from the article "Cricket") In domestic cricket in England, Warwickshire won the county championship, Gloucestershire the one-day C&G Trophy, and Leicestershire the Twenty20 Cup (the 20-over-a-side tournament that, in its second season, lured a ...
C++: (from the article "computer programming language") The C++ language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T in the mid-1980s, extended C by adding objects to it while preserving the efficiency of C programs. It has been one ...
C-141: (from the article "logistics") ...of World War II vintage that carried out the Berlin airlift of 1948-49 had a capacity of about four tons (3,640 kilograms) and a maximum range of 1,500 miles (2,400 ...
C-17 Globemaster III: (from the article "aerospace industry") ...transporters have special features such as short-takeoff-and-landing capability, loading ramps, airdrop capability, and paratroop doors. In the United States, Boeing builds the four-turbofan C-17 Globemaster III airlifter. Airbus Military, a ...
C-3 cycle: (from the article "bacteria") ...synthesize all their cell constituents using carbon dioxide as the carbon source. The most common pathways for synthesizing organic compounds from carbon dioxide are the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle, ...
C-4 cycle: (from the article "Poaceae") The most significant variation in the internal structure of grass leaves involves anatomical differences associated with two photosynthetic pathways: the pathway that synthesizes a four-carbon (C-4) compound and that which ...
C-47: U.S. military transport aircraft that served in all theatres during World War II and continued in service long afterward. It was used to haul cargo, transport troops, drop paratroops, tow ...
C-5: (from the article "aerospace industry") ...proposals to build a large transporter for the U.S. Air Force. Lockheed and engine manufacturer General Electric won the contract and developed the world's largest aircraft at that time, the ...
C-5A: (from the article "logistics") ...Coast to South Vietnam in 43 hours and evacuate wounded back to the East Coast (10,000 miles) in less than a day. By 1970 these capabilities were dwarfed by the ...
c-axis: (from the article "ice") ...near 0° C, the ice crystal commonly takes the form of sheets or planes of oxygen atoms joined in a series of open hexagonal rings. The axis parallel to the ...
C-class asteroid: (from the article "Asteroid taxonomic classes") Among the larger asteroids (those with diameters greater than about 25 km), the C-class asteroids are the most common, accounting for about 65 percent by number. This is followed, in ...
C-Fern: (from the article "water fern") ...bred and are maintained in culture collections, and detailed instructions on creating new mutant lines have been developed. These are made available to researchers and teachers under the trade name ...
C-Group culture: (from the article "Nubia") ...he named Yam, whence he obtained a Pygmy whom he brought to Pepi II. Toward the end of Harkhuf's career, the Nubian chiefs united, imperiling the Aswan expeditions. A new ...
c-L-myc oncogene: (from the article "oncogene") ...prefixes, suffixes, and superscripts provide further delineation. About 60 human oncogenes have been identified. Breast cancer has been linked to the c-neu oncogene and lung cancer to the c-L-myc gene. ...
c-neu oncogene: (from the article "oncogene") ...for cell or chromosome; additional prefixes, suffixes, and superscripts provide further delineation. About 60 human oncogenes have been identified. Breast cancer has been linked to the c-neu oncogene and lung ...
C1: (from the article "immune system") ...antibodies must be bound to antigens (the antigen-antibody complex mentioned above). Free antibodies do not activate complement. To initiate the cascade, the first complement protein in the pathway, C1, must ...
C3: (from the article "complement") ...embedded in the surface membranes of invading microorganisms and does not require the presence of antibodies. Both pathways converge to activate the pivotal protein of the complement system, called C3.
C3b: (from the article "immune system") ...activated. The classical and alternative complement pathways converge here, at the cleavage of the C3 molecule, which, once split, produces C3a and the large active form of C3, the fragment ...
C50: (from the article "Physical Sciences") In 2004 Xie Su Yuan and associates of the State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen, China, reported the synthesis of one such fullerene, C₅₀, which they ...
C60: (from the article "Physical Sciences") Nanoparticles, such as buckyballs (soccer-ball-shaped molecules [C₆₀] made of 60 carbon atoms), are ultrasmall particles whose unusual properties sparked substantial interest for their potential use in commercial and industrial products. ...
Ca Mau Peninsula: peninsula, the southernmost projection of Vietnam, lying between the South China Sea on the east and the Gulf of Thailand on the west, with drainage to each. The flat, triangular ...
Ca River: river rising in the Loi Mountains of Laos and flowing southeastward through northern Vietnam to enter the Gulf of Tonkin near the city of Vinh after a course of 380 ...
Ca' d'Oro: (from the article "Venice") ...(13th to early 14th century) pointed and Moorish-looking and those of the 15th century adorned with fantastic trefoil and quatrefoil tracery. In the most ornate late Gothic palaces, such as ...
Ca' da Mosto, Alvise: Venetian traveler and nobleman, who wrote one of the earliest known accounts of western Africa. [4 Related Articles]
Ca' Grande: (from the article "Venice") ...panel extends across the whole facade and is repeated on two upper stories. In the late 15th century, Renaissance forms began to influence palace architecture, as in the Palazzo Corner, ...
CA, Inc.: (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") The former chief executive officer of Computer Associates, which changed its name to CA, Inc., was ordered to pay nearly $800 million in restitution to investors who lost money owing ...
CA-125: (from the article "ovarian cancer") ...including a pelvic exam. On rare occasions a Pap smear may detect an early ovarian tumour, but this test is far more accurate at detecting early cervical cancers. A blood ...
caa gazu: (from the article "mate") ...roasting; the branches are next heated on an arch of poles over a fire; and the dried leaves, placed in pits in the earth, are ground into coarse powder, producing ...
caa-cuys: (from the article "mate") ...called caa gazu, or yerva do polos. In Paraguay and parts of Argentina the leaves, with midribs removed before roasting, are made into a mate called caa-miri. Caa-cuys, a Paraguayan ...
caa-miri: (from the article "mate") ...producing a mate called caa gazu, or yerva do polos. In Paraguay and parts of Argentina the leaves, with midribs removed before roasting, are made into a mate called caa-miri. ...
Caacupe: town, central Paraguay. The name Caacupe originated from the Guarani word caaguycupe, meaning "the other side of the mountain." Founded in 1770, the town nestles in a ...
Caapor: (from the article "South American forest Indian") ...expressed in these adornments. The Carib tribes of the Guianas and some Tupi were outstanding in featherwork. The plumed mantles of the Tupinamba, the delicate and elaborate adornments of the ...
caatinga: (from the article "South America") Caatinga (white forest) refers to the generally stunted, somewhat sparse, and often thorny vegetation of the dry interior of northeastern Brazil. Trees, leafless for long periods and able to resist ...
Caazapa: town, southern Paraguay. Founded in 1607 by Friar Bolanos, the town is situated on the edge of the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Cordillera (mountains) de Ybytyruzu. ...
Cabaiguan: city, central Cuba. It is an important manufacturing and commercial centre for surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands known primarily for their sugarcane, although tobacco and fruits are grown and cattle ...
cabal: a private organization or party engaged in secret intrigues; also, the intrigues themselves. In England the word was used during the 17th century to describe any secret or extralegal council ... [2 Related Articles]
cabaletta: (from Italian cobola, "couplet"), originally an operatic aria with a simple, animated rhythm, and later a fast concluding section of a two-part operatic aria. An example of ...
Caballe, Montserrat: Spanish operatic soprano, admired for her versatility and phrasing and for her performances in the operas of Giuseppe Verdi, Gaetano Donizetti, and Richard Strauss. She began her studies as a ...
Caballero y Gongora, Antonio: (from the article "Colombia") Educational reforms played an important role in the changing outlook of the Granadine Creoles. Archbishop Caballero y Gongora as viceroy (1782-88) made education one of his main interests. He modernized ...
Caballero, Eugenio: (from the article "2006: Other Winners") ...Screenplay: Michael Arndt for Little Miss SunshineAdapted Screenplay: William Monahan for The DepartedCinematography: Guillermo Navarro for Pan's LabyrinthArt Direction: Eugenio Caballero (art direction) and Pilar Revuelta (set decoration) for Pan's ...
Caballero, Fernan: Spanish writer whose novels and stories depict the language, customs, and folklore of rural Andalusia. [2 Related Articles]
Caballero, Pedro Juan: (from the article "Paraguay") ...from the Portuguese in defending the colony from further attacks from Buenos Aires, he underestimated the nationalistic spirit of the Paraguayans. Under the leadership of the militia captains Pedro Juan ...
Cabanas Hospice: (from the article "Orozco, Jose Clemente") ...culminated in his Guadalajara murals (1936-39), which he painted in the lecture hall of the University of Guadalajara (1936), the Governor's Palace (1937), and the chapel of the orphanage of ...
Cabanatuan: chartered city, central Luzon, northern Philippines, on the Pampanga River. It is the commercial centre for the eastern portion of Luzon's central plain, which is heavily farmed in rice. An ...
Cabanilles, Juan Bautista Jose: distinguished Spanish organist and composer for the organ. From 1665 he was organist at the Valencia cathedral, and he was ordained a priest in 1668. He apparently travelled little, although ...
Cabanis, Pierre-Jean-Georges: French philosopher and physiologist noted for Rapports du physique et du moral de l'homme (1802; "Relations of the Physical and the Moral in Man"), which explained all of reality, including ... [1 Related Articles]
cabaret: restaurant that serves liquor and offers a variety of musical entertainment. [1 Related Articles]
Cabarrus, Francois, conde de: financier and economist, adviser to the government of King Charles III of Spain.
Cabasilas, Nicholas: Greek Orthodox lay theologian and liturgist who eminently represents the tradition of Byzantine theology. He wrote extensively on Hesychast mysticism (a traditional method of Byzantine Christian contemplative prayer that integrates ... [1 Related Articles]
Cabasilas, Nilus: Greek Orthodox metropolitan, theologian, and scholar, whose treatises critical of medieval Latin theology became classical apologies for the Orthodox tradition of the Byzantine church. His support of Greek monastic spirituality ... [1 Related Articles]
cabbage: vegetable and fodder plant the various forms of which are said to have been developed by long cultivation from the wild, or sea, cabbage (Brassica oleracea) found near the seacoast ... [5 Related Articles]
cabbage aphid: (from the article "aphid") The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) is small and gray-green with a powdery, waxy covering. It is found in clusters on the underside of leaves of cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and ...
cabbage looper: distinctive green, white-lined larva, or caterpillar, in the owlet moth family Noctuidae (order Lepidoptera). Like other larvae in the subfamily Plusiinae, the cabbage looper has only three pairs of prolegs ...
cabbage maggot: (from the article "anthomyiid fly") ...are often found in the home. In most species the larvae feed on plants and can be serious pests. However, some are scavengers and live in excrement and decaying material, ...
cabbage palmetto: (from the article "palm") ...Syrphus flies apparently pollinate Asterogyne martiana in Costa Rica, and drosophila flies are thought to pollinate the nipa palm in New Guinea. Bees pollinate several species (Sabal palmetto and Iriartea ...
Cabdulqaadir Xirsi "Yamyam": (from the article "African literature") ...established by the military in 1969. Poems may now be written down, but they are subsequently recited on the radio or at public or private recitals, or they are circulated ...
cabecera: (from the article "municipio") ...village or community, as is usual in Guatemala, or it may comprise a number of separate communities, as is usual in Mexico. A municipio of several villages always has a ...
Cabeiri: important group of deities, probably of Phrygian origin, worshiped over much of Asia Minor, on the islands nearby, and in Macedonia and northern and central Greece. They were promoters of ... [2 Related Articles]
Cabell, James Branch: American writer known chiefly for his novel Jurgen (1919). [1 Related Articles]
Cabell, Joseph C.: (from the article "Virginia, University of") ...Virginia, U.S., on a campus of 1,000 acres (405 hectares) near the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Founded by Thomas Jefferson, it was chartered in 1819. Jefferson was aided ...
caber, tossing the: a Scottish athletic event consisting in throwing a "caber," a straight, approximately 17-foot- (5-metre-) long log (from which the bark has been removed) so that it turns over in the ... [1 Related Articles]
Cabet, Etienne: French socialist and founder of a communal settlement at Nauvoo, Ill. [1 Related Articles]
Cabezon, Antonio de: earliest important Spanish composer for the keyboard, admired for his austere, lofty polyphonic music, which links the keyboard style of the early 1500s with the international style that emerged in ...
cabezone: (from the article "sculpin") In the Pacific Ocean, there are such species as the cabezone (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus), a large, eastern Pacific fish, edible but often having blue- or green-tinted flesh; the staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus ...
cabildo: (Spanish: "municipal council"), the fundamental unit of local government in colonial Spanish America. Conforming to a tradition going back to the Romans, the Spaniards considered the city to be of ... [2 Related Articles]
cabildo abierto: (from the article "cabildo") ...city chose some of the councillors. Creoles (American-born people of Spanish descent), barred from most high offices, were allowed to be council members. Sometimes citizens were asked to attend a ...
Cabimas: city, northeastern Zulia estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Maracaibo and is an important centre for the Ambrosio oil fields. Just to the south ...
cabin: (from the article "airplane") ...the thrust necessary to push the vehicle through the air. Provision must be made to support the plane when it is at rest on the ground and during takeoff and ...
cabin cruiser: (from the article "motorboat") ...laterally across the width of the craft and occasionally with decking over the bow area. Inboard runabouts are usually a bit larger and are either open or have a removable ...
Cabin John Bridge: (from the article "Meigs, Montgomery C") ...most substantial contribution, however, was the Washington Aqueduct, which extended 12 miles (19 kilometres) from the Great Falls on the Potomac to a distribution reservoir west of Georgetown. His Cabin ...
cabin tent: (from the article "tent") ...horizontal flap; the umbrella tent, which was originally made with internal supporting arms like an umbrella but which later became widely popular with external framing of hollow aluminum; and the ...
Cabinda: northern exclave of Angola, on the west (Atlantic) coast of Africa north of the Congo River estuary. It is bordered by the Republic of the Congo to the north and ... [3 Related Articles]
Cabinda: (from the article "Angola") There were problems of a different character in the Cabinda enclave. In February a spokesman for the Cabinda Forum for Dialogue (FDC), the umbrella organization of groups seeking independence for ...
Cabinda Forum for Dialogue: (from the article "Angola") There were problems of a different character in the Cabinda enclave. In February a spokesman for the Cabinda Forum for Dialogue (FDC), the umbrella organization of groups seeking independence for ...
cabinet: in furniture design, originally a small room for displaying precious objects and later a piece of furniture composed of a network of small drawers commonly enclosed by a pair of ... [4 Related Articles]
cabinet: in political systems, a body of advisers to a chief of state who also serve as the heads of government departments. The cabinet has become an important element of government ... [11 Related Articles]
cabinet: (from the article "book collecting") There are at least as many types of book collectors as there are kinds of books. Traditional approaches tended to fall within three genres: the author collection, the subject collection, ...
Cabinet Mission Plan: (from the article "India") ...hope of resolving the Congress-Muslim League deadlock and, thus, of transferring British power to a single Indian administration. Cripps was responsible primarily for drafting the ingenious Cabinet Mission Plan, which ...
cabinet piano: (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...its pointed tail in the air, producing the asymmetrical "giraffe piano." Placing shelves in the upper part of the case to the right of the strings yielded the tall rectangular ...
cabinetmaking: (from the article "furniture industry") ...made furniture. Where previously carpenters and joiners had made furniture along with every kind of building construction in wood, several circumstances combined to create a new profession: that of cabinetmaker. ...
cable: in electrical and electronic systems, a conductor or group of conductors for transmitting electric power or telecommunication signals from one place to another. Electric communication cables transmit voice messages, computer ... [4 Related Articles]
cable: in engineering, either an assemblage of three or more ropes twisted together for extra strength or a rope made by twisting together several strands of metal wire. This article deals ... [5 Related Articles]
Cable Act: (from the article "Mussey, Ellen Spencer") ...activity and in 1917 became chairman of the committee on the legal status of women of the National Council of Women. She drafted and, with Maud Wood Park, she helped ...
cable car: (from the article "streetcar") The cable car, the invention of Andrew Hallidie, was introduced in San Francisco on Sacramento and Clay streets in 1873. The cars were drawn by an endless cable running in ...
cable modem: (from the article "computer") ...and they demodulate the analog signal back into a digital message on reception. In practice, telephone network components limit analog data transmission to about 48 kilobits per second. Standard cable ...
Cable News Network: subsidiary company of Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., engaged in 24-hour live news broadcasts. Headquarters are in Atlanta. [8 Related Articles]
cable television: generally, any system that distributes television signals by means of coaxial or fibre-optic cables. The term also includes systems that distribute signals solely via satellite. Cable-television systems originated in the ... [13 Related Articles]
Cable, George W.: American author and reformer, noted for fiction dealing with life in New Orleans. [3 Related Articles]
cable-stayed bridge: (from the article "bridge") Cable-stayed bridges carry the vertical main-span loads by nearly straight diagonal cables in tension. The towers transfer the cable forces to the foundations through vertical compression. The tensile forces in ...
cable-stayed roof: (from the article "building construction") Another system derived from bridge construction is the cable-stayed roof. An early example is the TWA Hangar (1956) at Kansas City, Mo., which shelters large aircraft under a double cantilever ...
cable-tool drilling: (from the article "petroleum production") Early oil wells were drilled with impact-type tools in a method called cable-tool drilling. A weighted, chisel-shaped bit was suspended from a cable to a lever at the surface, where ...
cabled fluting: (from the article "fluting and reeding") Sometimes, although not in the Doric, the flutes are partly filled by a small, round, convex molding, or bead, and are then known as cabled; this decoration does not usually ...
Caboche, Simon: French demagogic agitator whose raising of riots promoted an abortive reform of the royal administration.
cabochon cut: method of cutting gemstones with a convex, rounded surface that is polished but unfaceted. Opaque, asteriated, iridescent, opalescent, or chatoyant stones are usually cut en cabochon. The back of a ... [7 Related Articles]
caboclo: (from the article "Brazil") ...mulatos; people of mixed African and European ancestry) and mestizos (mesticos, or caboclos; people of mixed European and Indian ancestry). A small proportion are ...