| | - Bahadur Shah, Sultan
- (from the article "Mumbai") A Portuguese attempt to conquer Mahim failed in 1507, but in 1534 Sultan Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, ceded the island to the Portuguese. In 1661 it came under ...
- Bahadurpur, Battle of
- (Feb. 24, 1658), conflict that helped decide the war of succession among the sons of Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor of India (reigned 1628-57/58). When Shah Jahan fell ill in 1657, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bahah, al-
- town, southwestern Saudi Arabia. The town is situated on a mountainous plateau at an elevation of 7,014 feet (2,138 m) and is surrounded by terraced hillsides, which are covered with ...
- Bahamas Telecommunications Co.
- (from the article "Bahamas, The") A spokesman reaffirmed in July that the government remained committed to privatizing the Bahamas Telecommunications Co., though an attempt to find a buyer had collapsed in 2003 after bids from ...
- Bahamas Turks and Caicos, Operation
- (from the article "Bahamas, The") The U.S. emphasized in a statement in May that it was not scaling down its assistance to Operation Bahamas Turks and Caicos, known as OPBAT, which was set up in ...
- Bahamas, College of The
- (from the article "Bahamas, The") The College of The Bahamas, established in 1974 in Nassau, offers associate and bachelor's degrees in most areas and master's degrees in a limited number of subjects. It also offers ...
- Bahamas, flag of The
- horizontally striped aquamarine-yellow-aquamarine national flag with a black triangle at the hoist. It has a width-to-length ratio of 1 to 2.
- Bahamas, The
- archipelago and state on the northwestern edge of the West Indies. Formerly a British colony, The Bahamas became an independent country within the Commonwealth in 1973. [21 Related Articles]
- Bahamasair
- (from the article "Bahamas, The") ...policy, since both parties were committed to the free market, foreign investment, and fiscal prudence. In his first policy statement, Prime Minister Ingraham announced the privatization of Bahamasair, the money-losing ...
- Bahar, Muhammad Taqi
- poet who is considered to be one of the greatest poets of early 20th-century Iran. [1 Related Articles]
- Baharampur
- town, central West Bengal state, northeastern India, just east of the Bhagirathi River. Baharampur was founded and fortified in 1757 by the English East India Company and continued as a ...
- Bahau
- (from the article "Dayak") Various subgroups of the Dayak have been distinguished, although lines of demarcation are difficult to establish. Among the most important of the major groupings are the Bahau tribes (including the ...
- Bahawalnagar
- town, east-central Punjab province, Pakistan. The town lies just east of the Sutlej River. It is a market distributing centre connected by road with Multan to the west and Bahawalpur ...
- Bahawalpur
- city, southeastern Punjab province, Pakistan. The nawabs of Bahawalpur originally came from Sindh; they formed a princely state and assumed independence in 1802. [1 Related Articles]
- Bahayi Efendi
- (from the article "Turkish literature") The ulema, however, continued to produce poets, the most illustrious of whom was the seyhulislam Bahayi Efendi. Like his predecessor Yahya Efendi, he was the scion of ...
- Bahcall, John N.
- American astrophysicist (b. Dec. 30, 1934, Shreveport, La.-d. Aug. 17, 2005, New York, N.Y.), made fundamental contributions to the understanding of the elusive subatomic particles called neutrinos, which are emitted ...
- Bahia
- estado (state) of eastern Brazil. It is bounded on the northwest by Piaui state, north by Pernambuco state, northeast by Alagoas and Sergipe states, east by the Atlantic Ocean, southeast ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bahia Blanca
- city and major port of Argentina, located near Blanca Bay of the Atlantic Ocean in the southwestern part of Buenos Aires provincia (province). The bay forms a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bahinemo
- (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") The Bahinemo west of the Alamblak carved opposed-hook objects with no head or leg. They also made masks, for display only, which incorporated hooks and human features; these represented bush ...
- Bahlul Lodi
- (from the article "India") ...preserve their kingdom intact. The last Sayyid ruler, 'Ala' al-Din 'Alam Shah (reigned 1445-51), peacefully surrendered Delhi to his nominal vassal, the Afghan Bahlul Lodi (reigned 1451-89), and retired to ...
- Bahman Shah, 'Ala'-al-Din
- (from the article "India") ...Muhammad ibn Tughluq that began in Daulatabad in 1345 culminated in the foundation of the Bahmani sultanate by Hasan Gangu, who ascended the throne of Daulatabad as 'Ala' al-Din Bahman ...
- Bahmani Sultanate
- Muslim state (1347-1518) in the Deccan in India. The sultanate was founded in 1347 by 'Ala'-ud-Din Bahman Shah, who was supported by other military leaders in rebellion against the sultan ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bahnar
- (from the article "Vietnam") ...(Rhade), Jarai, Chru, and Roglai-speak Austronesian languages, linking them to the Cham, Malay, and Indonesian peoples; others-including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre, Rengao, Sedang, Bahnar, Mnong, Mang (Maa), Muong, ...
- Bahnar language
- (from the article "Austroasiatic languages") ...or r) as minor vowels. Major syllables are composed of one or two initial consonants, followed by one major vowel and one final consonant. Many languages-e.g., Khmer, Mon, and Bahnar-allow ...
- Bahnaric languages
- branch of the Mon-Khmer family of languages, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. The Bahnaric branch is divided into West, Northwest, North, Central, and South subbranches. North Bahnaric languages, ...
- Bahnhofstrasse
- (from the article "Switzerland") Visitors to Switzerland go there to eat, but more go to shop, especially along Zurich's famed Bahnhofstrasse, an avenue that is home to both fine shops-including the country's renowned jewelers ...
- Bahonar, Mohammad Javad
- Iranian politician who was prime minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1981. In office for less than a month, he was killed by antigovernment forces. [1 Related Articles]
- Bahr al-'Arab
- intermittent river of southwestern Sudan, rising northeast of the Tondou (Bongo) Massif, near the border with the Central African Republic. The river flows 500 miles (800 km) east-southeast to join ...
- Bahr al-Ahmar, Al-
- muhafazah (governorate) of Egypt, comprising much of the Eastern Desert (also called Arabian Desert) east of the Nile River valley to the Red Sea; its name means "red sea." It ...
- Bahr al-Ghazal
- river, The Sudan, chief western affluent of the Nile River. It is 445 miles (716 km) long and joins the upper Nile (Bahr al-Jabal) through Lake No, from which it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bahr al-Ghazal
- (from the article "Lado Enclave") ...Gondoroko in 1870 as governor of the equatorial provinces that any attempt to control the slave trade was made. Baker's successor, General C.G. Gordon, established a separate administration for the ...
- Bahr al-Jabal
- that section of the Nile River between Nimule near the Uganda border and Malakal in south-central Sudan. Below Nimule the river flows northward over the Fula Rapids, past Juba (the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Bahr as-Salam
- (from the article "Nile River") ...It rises in Ethiopia at heights of 6,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level, not far from Gonder, to the north of Lake Tana. The two principal tributaries that feed ...
- Bahr az-Zaraf
- river, an arm of the Nile River in as-Sudd region of south-central Sudan. It is formed in the swamps north of Shambe, diverting water from the Bahr al-Jabal (Mountain Nile), ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bahr, George
- German architect who is best known for his design of the Baroque Dresden Frauenkirche (1722-43; destroyed by Allied bombing, 1945; reconstructed 1992-2005).
- Bahr, Hermann
- Austrian author and playwright who championed (successively) naturalism, Romanticism, and Symbolism. [2 Related Articles]
- Bahraich
- city, east-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, located on a tributary of the Ghaghara River and on a rail line between Lucknow and Nepalganj, Nepal. Bahraich is a centre of ...
- Bahrain
- small Arab state situated in a bay on the southwestern coast of the Persian Gulf. It is an archipelago consisting of Bahrain Island and some 30 smaller islands. Its name ... [23 Related Articles]
- Bahrain and Kuwait, Bank of
- (from the article "Kuwait") ...specialized banks operating in the areas of savings and credit, industrial loans, and real estate. There are also commercial banks. No foreign banks may operate in Kuwait, with the exception ...
- Bahrain Island
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...onward) and on the Orontes of northern Syria at Al-'Atshanah (ancient Alalakh; England, 1937-39 and 1947-49), while, since 1954, Danish excavations on the islands of Bahrain and Faylakah, off the ...
- Bahrain Petroleum Corporation
- (from the article "'Awali") municipality in the state and emirate of Bahrain, on central Bahrain island, in the Persian Gulf. Founded in the 1930s by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), it is situated just ...
- Bahrain, flag of
- national flag consisting of a red field (background) with a white, serrated strip at the hoist. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 3 to 5.
- Bahrain, history of
- (from the article "Bahrain") This discussion focuses on Bahrain since the 19th century. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see Arabia, history of.pre-Islamic Near East
- Bahrain, Qala'at al-
- (from the article "Dilmun") Barbar, the remains of an ancient temple (largely built of limestone) situated on al-Bahrain, and many thousands of burial mounds attest to the island's prominence. Qala'at (fort) al-Bahrain, a large ...
- Bahram
- (foaled 1932), English racehorse (Thoroughbred), winner in 1935 of the British Triple Crown and never beaten in nine contests.
- Bahram I
- Sasanian king (reigned 273-276). [5 Related Articles]
- Bahram II
- Sasanian king (reigned 276-293), the son and successor of Bahram I. [3 Related Articles]
- Bahram III
- (from the article "Sasanian kings*") ...youngest son of an earlier king, Shapur I. On the death of Bahram II (293), Narses, at that time viceroy of Armenia, successfully contested the succession of Bahram's son, Bahram ...
- Bahram IV
- Sasanian king (reigned 388-399).
- Bahram V
- Sasanian king (reigned 420-438). He was celebrated in literature, art, and folklore for his chivalry, romantic adventures, and huntsmanship. [4 Related Articles]
- Bahram VI Chubin
- Sasanian king (reigned 590-591). A general and head of the house of Mihran at Rayy (near modern Tehran), he performed, in gaining the throne, a feat exceptional for one not ... [4 Related Articles]
- Bahrdt, Carl Friedrich
- German Enlightenment writer, radical theologian, philosopher, and adventurer, best-known for his book Neuesten Offenbarungen Gottes in Briefen und Erzahlungen (1773-74; "Latest Revelations of God in Letters and Stories").
- Bahri period
- (from the article "Mamluk") Historians have traditionally broken the era of Mamluk rule into two periods-one covering 1250-1382, the other, 1382-1517. Western historians call the former the "Bahri" period and the latter the "Burji," ...
- baht
- monetary unit of Thailand. Each baht is subdivided into 100 satang. The Bank of Thailand has the exclusive authority to issue currency in Thailand; banknotes are issued in amounts ranging ...
- Bahubali
- According to the traditions of the Indian religion Jainism, the son of the first Tirthankara (Ford-maker, i.e., saviour) Rishabhanatha. He is said to have lived many millions of years ago.
- Bahujan Samaj Party
- (from the article "India") ...provincial legislative elections in northern Uttar Pradesh state. Upsetting predictions that no party would come close to winning an absolute majority in the balloting held in April-May, the Bahujan Samaj ...
- Bahurupee group
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...Sisir's style has been refined by actor-director Sombhu Mitra and his actress wife Tripti, who worked in the Left-wing People's Theatre movement in the 1940s. With other actors they founded ...
- Bahuti, al-
- teacher and the last major exponent in Egypt of the Hanbali school of Islamic law.
- Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda
- dayyan-i.e., judge of a rabbinical court-in Muslim Spain and author of a highly influential and popular work of ethical guidance. [2 Related Articles]
- Bai
- people of northwestern Yunnan province, southwest China. Minjia is the Chinese (Pinyin) name for them; they call themselves Bai or Bo in their own language, which has been classified within ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bai Feng-yan
- (from the article "sanxian") ...by powerful, resonant rolls and chords and large glissandos. It is popular in theatrical accompaniment, ballad-singing accompaniment, and the orchestra. In the 20th century, the musicians Bai Fengyan (1899-1975) and ...
- Bai Juyi
- Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty (618-907) who used his elegantly simple verse to protest the social evils of his day, including corruption and militarism. [5 Related Articles]
- Bai River
- (from the article "Chaobai River") river in Hebei province and Beijing and Tianjin municipalities, northern China. The Chaobai originates in metropolitan Beijing at the confluence of its two main tributaries, the Chao and Bai ("White") ...
- Baia Mare
- city, capital of Maramures judet (county), northwestern Romania. It is situated in the Sasar River valley, surrounded by mountains. This location affords the city protection from the cold northeastern winds ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baiae
- ancient city of Campania, Italy, located on the west coast of the Gulf of Puteoli (Pozzuoli) and lying 10 miles (16 km) west of Naples and 212 miles (4 km) ...
- Baic languages
- (from the article "Tibeto-Burman languages") ...Thesaurus project, directed by James Matisoff (the author of this article) at the University of California, Berkeley. The Berkeley schema identifies seven major subgroups of Tibeto-Burman: Baic, Karenic, Lolo-Burmese-Naxi, Jingpo-Nungish-Luish, ...
- Baicheng
- city, northwestern Jilin sheng (province), northeastern China. The region was originally a hunting ground reserved for the Mongols, and farming was not allowed legally by the Qing ...
- Baidoa
- (from the article "Somalia") ...Union (ICU), an Islamic fundamentalist movement, had seized control of much of the country, including the capital city of Mogadishu, and was closing in on the TFG's last stronghold, the ...
- Baie-Comeau
- town, regional county municipality (RCM) of Cote-Nord region, east-central Quebec province, Canada. It lies on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River, near the mouth of the Manicouagan River. ...
- Baier, Kurt
- (from the article "Rationalism") ...were receiving renewed attention in the mid-20th century. Prominent among these developments has been the "good-reasons" approach taken by the broadly gauged scholar Stephen Toulmin, by Kurt Baier, and others, ...
- Baiera
- (from the article "ginkgophyte") There is one type of ginkgophyte leaf in the fossil record that is generally regarded as a distinct form and is given the generic designation Baiera. The leaf is deeply ...
- Baif, Jean-Antoine de
- most learned of the seven French poets who constituted the group known as La Pleiade. [4 Related Articles]
- baihua
- vernacular style of Chinese that was adopted as a written language in a movement to revitalize the Classical Chinese literary language and make it more accessible to the common people. ... [7 Related Articles]
- baiji
- (from the article "conservation") ...with some success, and the alala (or Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis), which has not. Other species have not been as lucky. In the early 21st century an ...
- Baijini
- (from the article "Northern Territory") Arnhem Land legends speak of the "Baijini," seafaring people who came from the northwest long ago in search of the sea cucumber. These people may have been Chinese sailors, known ...
- Baikal cod
- (from the article "scorpaeniform") The two members of the family Comephoridae, called Baikal cods (Comephorus baicalensis and C. dybowskii), are pelagic fishes, the latter living at depths to 1,000 metres (more than 3,000 feet). ...
- Baikal Mountains
- (from the article "Asia") ...may have separated Angara from the North American platform. Orogenic activity, which initiated the evolution of the Altaids, started along this margin about 850 million years ago and created the ...
- Baikal Rift Zone
- (from the article "mountain") ...is actively occurring. The eastward displacement of crustal blocks along major strike-slip faults also seems to have caused rift systems to open in a northwest-southeast direction. The Baikal Rift Zone ...
- Baikal seal
- (from the article "seal") The Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) of Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, is the smallest at 1.1-1.4 metres (3.6-4.6 feet) long and 50-130 kg (110-290 pounds), but some ...
- Baikal, Lake
- lake located in the southern part of eastern Siberia within the republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk oblast (province) of Russia. It is the oldest existing freshwater lake on Earth (20-25 ... [13 Related Articles]
- Baikal-Amur Magistral
- (from the article "Siberia") ...of oil and gas pipelines was built between the new fields and the Urals, and new industries were also established, such as aluminum refining and cellulose pulp making. The construction ...
- Baikalides
- (from the article "Asia") The Altaids constitute a large and complex tectonic collage that accreted around the Angaran platform from late in the Proterozoic to early in the Mesozoic Era. Its oldest part, the ...
- Baikalsky Nature Reserve
- natural area set aside for research in the natural sciences, on the southern shore of Lake Baikal, southeastern Russia. The reserve was established in 1969 and has an area of ...
- Baikiaea
- (from the article "Zambezi River") ...is predominant on the alluvial flats of the low-lying river valleys and is highly susceptible to fire. Grass, when present, is typically short and sparse. Forestland with species of the ...
- Baikie, William Balfour
- explorer and philologist whose travels into Nigeria helped open up the country to British trade. [2 Related Articles]
- Baikonur
- former Soviet and current Russian space centre in south-central Kazakhstan. Baikonur was a Soviet code name for the centre, but American analysts often called it Tyuratam, after the railroad station ... [2 Related Articles]
- bail
- (from the article "cricket") ...a game in which country boys bowled at a tree stump or at the hurdle gate into a sheep pen. This gate consisted of two uprights and a crossbar resting ...
- bail
- procedure by which a judge or magistrate sets at liberty one who has been arrested or imprisoned, upon receipt of security to ensure the released prisoner's later appearance in court ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baildon, John
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...in England, A Booke Containing Divers Sortes of Hands (1570; this title also translates Cresci's), is the work of a French Huguenot immigrant writing master, Jean de Beauchesne, and John ...
- baile
- (from the article "flamenco") After the mid-19th century, flamenco song was usually accompanied by guitar music and a palo seco (Spanish: "dry stick," a stick that was beat on the floor ...
- bailee
- (from the article "bailment") in Anglo-American property law, delivery of specific goods by one person, called the bailor, to another person, called the bailee, for some temporary purpose such as storage, transportation, deposit for ...
- bailey
- (from the article "castle") ...built in France in the 10th century often included a high mound encircled by a ditch and surmounted by the leader's particular stronghold, as in the castles at Blois and ...
- Bailey bridge
- (from the article "Bailey, Sir Donald Coleman") British engineer who invented the Bailey bridge, which was of great military value in World War II.
military engineeringmilitary bridge...riverbanks are ...
- Bailey, Alice A.
- (from the article "New Age movement") Blavatsky's successor, Annie Besant, predicted the coming of a messiah, or world saviour, who she believed was the Indian teacher Jiddu Krishnamurti. In the 1940s Alice A. Bailey, founder of ...
- Bailey, Ann
- American scout, a colourful figure in fact and legend during the decades surrounding the American Revolutionary War.
- Bailey, Anna Warner
- American patriot, the subject of heroic tales of the Revolutionary War and early America.
- Bailey, Buster
- (from the article "jazz") ...to determine when their playing turned from embellished rags to improvisatory jazz. Musicians confirmed the tenuousness and variety of these early developments in statements such as that of reedman Buster ...
- Bailey, David
- British photographer known for his advertising, celebrity, and fashion photographs.
- Bailey, Derek
- British guitarist (b. Jan. 29, 1930, Sheffield, Eng.-d. Dec. 25, 2005, London, Eng.), was the guru of free improvisation, a technique of creating arhythmic music without preset forms or melodies. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bailey, Donovan
- At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga., Canadian sprinter Donovan Bailey won the 100-m dash in 9.84 sec to earn the appellation "the world's fastest man." Then he ran ...
- Bailey, Florence Augusta Merriam
- American ornithologist and author of popular field guides.
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