U.S. industrial chemist who helped found the modern plastics industry through his invention of Bakelite, the first thermosetting plastic (a plastic that does not soften when heated). [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Spanish literature") ...contrasted with the cultivation of polite letters, which signified good birth and breeding. The Cancionero de Baena ("Songbook of Baena"), compiled for the king by the poet Juan Alfonso de ...
(from the article "fungus") ...disk lichen; included in subclass Ostropomycetidae; examples of genera include Agyrium, Placopsis, Trapelia, and Trapeliopsis.Forms lichens; stalked or sessile ascomata; includes cap lichen; included in subclass Ostropomycetidae; example genus ...
(from the article "basketball") Clara Baer, who introduced basketball at the H. Sophie Newcomb College for Women in New Orleans, influenced the women's style of play with her set of women's rules, published in ...
Prussian-Estonian embryologist who discovered the mammalian ovum and the notochord and established the new science of comparative embryology alongside comparative anatomy. He was also a pioneer in geography, ethnology, and ... [5 Related Articles]
American boxer who won the world heavyweight championship by knocking out Primo Carnera in 11 rounds in New York City on June 14, 1934. He lost the title to James ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "electronic game") After computers and arcades, the third inspiration for early electronic games was television. Ralph Baer, a television engineer and manager at the military electronics firm of Sanders Associates (now part ...
municipality, southeastern Norway. It is situated at the head of Oslo Fjord and adjoins the national capital of Oslo on the west. It has a broad frontage on Oslo Fjord ...
(from the article "Western sculpture") ...figures is combined with elaborate decorative work-on the canopy of the tomb of Philip the Bold, for example. A similar decorativeness is found in the contemporary carved Dijon altarpieces of ...
mountain system comprising the Andalusian mountains of southeastern Spain. The northern range (called pre-Baetic in Andalusia and sub-Baetic in Valencia) runs about 360 miles (580 km) from Cape Trafalgar in ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "bullfighting") ...In the ensuing melee Barca was killed and his army annihilated. Carthaginians and Romans were astounded by accounts of Barca's demise. They were equally amazed at subsequent tales of games ...
in Greek religion, a sacred stone or pillar. The word baetylus is of Semitic origin (-bethel). Numerous holy, or fetish, stones existed in antiquity, generally attached to the cult of ... [1 Related Articles]
German research chemist who synthesized indigo (1880) and formulated its structure (1883). He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1905. [5 Related Articles]
politician who served five terms as president of the Dominican Republic and is noted principally for his attempts to have the United States annex his country. [1 Related Articles]
American folksinger and political activist who interested young audiences in folk music during the 1960s. Despite the inevitable fading of the folk music revival, Baez continued to be a popular ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...scheduled to end on Dec. 31, 2007, and after losing $15 million in 2004 and $22 million in 2003, the association was struggling to remain solvent. Clerk of scales Mario ...
region located in north-central Guinea-Bissau. Bafata is crosscut by the Geba River, which flows east-west through the northern half of the region and is navigable to Bafata town, the regional ...
town located in east-central Guinea-Bissau. It lies along the Geba River, which is navigable to that point. Bafata is an important trading centre for the interior regions of Guinea-Bissau. There ...
(from the article "Bafata") ...River flows east-west to form Bafata's southern border with the Quinara and Tombali regions and empties into the Geba; it is navigable throughout the Bafata region. The Bafata Plateau, rising ...
northernmost and easternmost region of Nunavut territory, Canada. In 1967 it was created as Baffin region, Northwest Territories, from most of what was formerly Franklin district, and it took on ...
arm of the North Atlantic Ocean with an area of 266,000 square miles (689,000 square km), extending southward from the Arctic for 900 miles (1,450 km) between the Greenland coast ... [3 Related Articles]
island lying between Greenland and the Canadian mainland. With an area of 195,928 square miles (507,451 square km), it is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest in ... [3 Related Articles]
surface oceanic current, a southward-moving water outflow along the west side of Baffin Bay, Canada. The Baffin Island Current, flowing at a rate of about 11 miles (17 km) per ... [1 Related Articles]
navigator who searched for the Northwest Passage and gave his name to Baffin Island, now part of the Northwest Territories, Canada, and to the bay separating it from Greenland. His ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Arctic") ...and eastern Hudson Bay were referred to as the Labrador Eskimo and the Eskimo of Quebec; these were often described as whole units, although each comprises a number of separate ...
(from the article "electromechanical transducer") Loudspeakers are mounted in a box, horn, or other enclosure in order to separate the waves from the front and the rear of the loudspeaker and thereby prevent them from ...
(from the article "gasoline engine") Mufflers of early design contained sets of baffles that reversed the flow of the gases or otherwise caused them to follow devious paths so that interference between the pressure waves ...
river in western Africa, rising in the Fouta Djallon massif of Guinea and flowing generally northeast for about 200 miles (320 km). After passing the town of Bafing Makana in ... [2 Related Articles]
town, western Cameroon, north-northeast of Douala. A trading centre of the Bamileke peoples, it lies in a densely populated region where coffee, kola nuts, tobacco, tea, and cinchona (from which ...
(from the article "commercial fishing") Bag nets are kept vertically open by a frame and held horizontally stretched by the water current. There are small scoop nets that can be pushed and dragged and big ...
people who inhabit the swampy coastal region between Cape Verga and the city of Conakry in Guinea. They speak a language of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. The ... [2 Related Articles]
town, historic seaport of eastern Tanzania. It lies on the Zanzibar Channel, 45 miles (75 km) northwest of Dar es Salaam. The town was formerly a slave-trading depot at the ...
(from the article "Portugal") ...a new government. Former Lisbon mayor and PSD vice president Pedro Santana Lopes was tapped as prime minister, and the coalition government included four ministers-including Finance Minister Antonio Bagao Felix-from ...
(from the article "Georgia") On January 12 Sergey Bagapsh was elected president of the breakaway unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia and pledged closer ties with Russia. The abduction in early June of four Georgian residents ...
fibre remaining after the extraction of the sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane. The word bagasse, from the French bagage via the Spanish bagazo, originally meant "rubbish," "refuse," or "trash." Applied first ... [5 Related Articles]
game, probably of English origin, that is similar to billiards and was probably a modification of it. Bagatelle is played with billiard cues and nine balls on an oblong board ...
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...defensive wars whose success demonstrated the regime's efficiency. Constantius put down Carausius' attempted usurpation and fought the Alemanni fiercely near Basel; Maximian first hunted down the Bagaudae (gangs of fugitive ...
(from the article "Amadou and Mariam") Amadou Bagayoko(b. Oct. 24, 1954Bamako, French West Africa [now Mali]) and Mariam Doumbia(b. April 15, 1958Bamako) met at the Bamako Institute for the Young Blind....contribution to Malian culture
(from the article "Burundi") ...of 1972 became the source of considerable tension within the Tutsi minority, thus paving the way for the overthrow of Micombero in 1976 and the advent of the Second Republic ...
(from the article "Haldi") ...without wings, standing on a lion; in the absence of religious texts his attributes are otherwise unknown. A Urartian temple at ancient Musasir dedicated to Haldi and to the goddess ...
city, south-central Rio Grande do Sul estado (state), Brazil, lying at 732 feet (223 metres) above sea level amid gently rolling hills covered with tall prairie grass. ...
(from the article "novel") ...springs out of direct experience of proletarian life and is not available to writers whose background is bourgeois or aristocratic. Consequently, William Godwin's Caleb Williams (1794) and Robert Bage's Hermsprong ...
economist, political analyst, and editor of The Economist who was one of the most influential journalists of the mid-Victorian period. [6 Related Articles]
doughnut-shaped yeast-leavened roll that is characterized by a crisp, shiny crust and a dense interior. Long regarded as a Jewish specialty item, the bagel is commonly eaten as a breakfast ...
town, southwestern Bangladesh. It lies just south of the Bhairab River. Bagerhat was the capital of Hazrat Khan Jahan Ali-the 15th-century pioneer of the Sundarbans region of the southern Padma ...
(from the article "Madhya Pradesh") ...(eight miles southwest of Vidisha), originally constructed by Asoka, emperor of India from about 265 to 238 BC; additions to the stupa were made by the Sunga kings. The Bagh ...
city, capital of Iraq and capital of Baghdad governorate, central Iraq. Its location, on the Tigris River about 330 miles (530 km) from the headwaters of the Persian Gulf, is ... [63 Related Articles]
major rail line connecting Istanbul with the Persian Gulf region. Work on the first phase of the railway, which involved an extension of an existing line between Haidar Pasha and ... [1 Related Articles]
stylistic movement of Islamic manuscript illustration, founded in the late 12th century (though the earliest surviving works cannot be dated before the 13th century). The school flourished in the period ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "mathematics") ...that, if p is a prime, then p divides (p − 1) × (p − 2)⋯× 2 × 1 + 1, and al-Baghdadi gave a variant of the idea of amicable numbers by defining two numbers to "balance" if the sums ...
(from the article "Armenia") Parliament Speaker Artur Baghdasaryan, long rumoured to be at odds with Markaryan, finally stepped down on May 22, following a policy dispute with Kocharyan, and his Orinats Yerkir party quit ...
(from the article "Tennis") ...got the job done "Down Under," winning the season's first Grand Slam title for the second time. He capped a difficult fortnight with a hard-fought victory over the exhilarating Cypriot ...
historic region, eastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The area is divided into two natural regions by the Kaimur Range. To the west lie elevated plains; to the east is ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Baghelkhand") ...whose stronghold was at Kalinjar. With the advent of the Baghela Rajputs (warrior caste) in the 14th century, after whom the tract is named, it was absorbed into Rewa state. ...
town, northwestern Sicily, Italy, 8 miles (13 km) east-southeast of the city of Palermo. A resort of wealthy Palermitans, Bagheria is noted for several historic villas. The best-known are Villa ...
city, northeastern Afghanistan, near the Qonduz River, at an elevation of 1,650 feet (500 m). Baghlan is the centre of beet-sugar production and has a sugar refinery. Cotton textiles are ...
river in south-central Nepal and northern Bihar state, northeastern India, rising in several headstreams in the lowland area of Nepal and flowing southward through the Siwalik Range, southernmost range of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "environmental works") One of the most efficient devices for removing suspended particulates is an assembly of fabric filter bags, commonly called a baghouse. A typical baghouse (see figure) comprises an array of ...
people living on the southern fringe of the Sahara, close to the region of Bornu in Chad and Nigeria. They numbered about 70,000 at the turn of the 21st century. ...
historic African state founded in the 16th century in the region just southeast of Lake Chad. Europeans first learned about the existence of Bagirmi and the other powerful states of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Somalia") ...throughout southern Somalia, and the Tunni, occupying the stretch of coast between Marka and Kismaayo. Toward the Kenyan border the narrow coastal strip and offshore islands are inhabited by the ...
(from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...Marcus Baker rises to 13,176 feet. The mountains are extremely rugged and heavily glaciated, resulting in the Sargent and Harding ice fields in the Kenai Mountains (on the Kenai Peninsula) ...
related Umbrian nobles, many of whom were fierce and skillful condottiere, who dominated Perugia between 1488 and 1534. They were constantly challenged by other nobles and by the papacy. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Baglioni Family") ...Spello (1425) and several other territories (e.g., the communities of Bettona and Bevagna). Although he was never formally created lord, Malatesta became the virtual ruler of Perugia. His son Bracchio ...
(from the article "Baglioni Family") ...the Ten Judges (Dieci dell'Arbitrio), a council of 10 family members, as a device through which they hoped to govern Perugia. The period was marked by excessive violence, especially within ...
(from the article "Baglioni Family") The ascendancy of the family began with Malatesta (1389-1437), who joined with Bracchio Fortebracchi, tyrant of Perugia, in opposing Pope Martin V. Wounded and imprisoned in 1424, Malatesta won his ...
(from the article "Ozarks, Lake of the") lake in south-central Missouri, U.S., about 42 miles (68 km) southwest of Jefferson City, one of the largest man-made lakes in the United States. It is impounded by Bagnell Dam, ...
city, western portion of the island of Negros, Philippines. Bago lies along Guimaras Strait at the mouth of the Bago River and is situated between Bacolod and its outport to ...
mountain range of south-central Myanmar (Burma), extending 270 miles (435 km) north-south between the Irrawaddy and Sittang rivers and ending in a ridge at Yangon (Rangoon). The range averages about ... [2 Related Articles]
confidential minister of the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes III of Persia. His name was the Greek form of an Old Persian name often used for eunuchs. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Native American") ...for full citizenship in most of Canada, the act disenfranchised most native peoples. Through the 1850s a series of additional laws codified Indian policy in Canada. Initiated by the assimilationist ...
(from the article "Rwanda") North-south polarities eventually gave way to subregional factions within the northern establishment. By 1980 the principal factions were the Bashiru and Bagoyi elements, respectively identified with the Bushiru and Bugoyi ...
wind instrument consisting of two or more single- or double-reed pipes, the reeds being set in motion by wind fed by arm pressure on an animal-skin (or rubberized-cloth) bag. The ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Asian arts") Ivory plaques discovered at Bagram (Begram) in Afghanistan are closely related to the school of Mathura. These are of great importance; for, though ivory must have been a favourite medium ...
(from the article "Georgia") ...("guardian of the palace"). In due course, Ashot profited from the weakness of the Byzantine emperors and the Arab caliphs and set himself up as hereditary prince in Iberia. King ...
princely and royal dynasty founded in Armenia and Georgia during the 9th century by the Bagratuni family. The Bagratid kings kept Armenia independent of both the Byzantine Empire and the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Murshidabad") ...separated by the Bhagirathi River (q.v.). To the west lies the Rarh, a high, undulating continuation of the Chota Nagpur plateau. The eastern portion, the Bagri, is a fertile, low-lying ...
(from the article "Bulgaria") He was replaced by the right-wing Agrarian Ivan Bagrianov, who began secret negotiations for surrender with the Allies but at a snail's pace. At the end of August, the sudden ...
(from the article "pottery") ...long life and happiness. The "Buddha's hand" citron, a fruit with fingerlike appendages, is a symbol of wealth, and each month and season is represented by a flower or plant. ...
(from the article "Cameroon") The oldest inhabitants of the country are the Pygmies, locally known as the Baguielli and Babinga, who live in the southern forests. They have been hunters and gatherers for thousands ...
city, west-central Luzon, Philippines. After the United States occupied the Philippines in 1898, Governor William Howard Taft and other officials proposed the pleasant site nestled in pine-clad hills at about ...
Italian literary prize that is awarded annually to the author of the best book of the year. Established in 1927, it is named after the Milan trattoria in which the ...
any of a family of insects (order Lepidoptera) that are found worldwide and named for the baglike cases the larvae construct around themselves. The bag ranges in size from 6 ... [2 Related Articles]
king of Myanmar (Burma) from 1819 to 1837. The seventh monarch of the Konbaung, or Alaungpaya, dynasty, he was defeated in the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-26). As a result of ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Rumi") Jalal al-Din's father, Baha' al-Din Walad, was a noted mystical theologian, author, and teacher. Because of either a dispute with the ruler or the threat of the approaching Mongols, Baha' ...
(from the article "Baha'i faith") The Baha'is use a calendar established by the Bab and confirmed by Baha' Ullah, in which the year is divided into 19 months of 19 days each, with the addition ...
religion founded in Iran in the mid-19th century by Mirza Hoseyn 'Ali Nuri, who is known as Baha' Ullah (Arabic: "Glory of God"). The cornerstone of Baha'i belief is the ... [7 Related Articles]
the last Mughal emperor of India (reigned 1837-58). He was a poet, musician, and calligrapher, more an aesthete than a political leader. [3 Related Articles]
