| | - Beato, Felice
- (from the article "photography, history of") ...360 photographs, the first large-scale camera documentation of a war. Crimean War imagery was also captured by British photographer James Robertson, who later traveled to India with an associate, Felice ...
- Beaton, David
- Scottish cardinal and statesman who promoted a close alliance between Scotland and France and who was an implacable opponent of the Scottish Reformation. [4 Related Articles]
- Beaton, James
- last Roman Catholic archbishop of Glasgow.
- Beaton, James
- primate of Scotland from 1522 and chancellor from 1513 to 1526.
- Beaton, Sir Cecil
- photographer known primarily for his portraits of celebrated persons, who also worked as an illustrator, a diarist, and an Academy Award-winning costume and set designer. [1 Related Articles]
- Beatrice
- the woman to whom the great Italian poet Dante dedicated most of his poetry and almost all of his life, from his first sight of her at the age of ... [4 Related Articles]
- Beatrice
- city, seat of Gage county, in the Big Blue River valley, southeastern Nebraska, U.S., located about 40 miles (65 km) south of Lincoln and 20 miles (32 km) north of ...
- Beatrice
- the niece of Leonato, who is governor of Messina, and Hero's cousin in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing. Beatrice is a feisty, witty foil to her docile, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beatrice of Provence
- (from the article "Margaret Of Provence") ...and Henry III of England, who in 1236 had married her sister Eleanor. On the other hand, she resented the fact that her father (died 1245), by his will of ...
- Beatrijs
- lyric narrative containing a noted medieval European Mary legend. The oldest extant Beatrijs manuscript dates from 1374, although it is thought to be taken from an earlier collection, Dialogue miraculorum ... [2 Related Articles]
- Beatrix
- queen of The Netherlands from 1980. [5 Related Articles]
- Beatriz
- (from the article "Portugal") ...aroused the jealousy of Castile. Campaigns were fought in 1250 and 1252, and peace was made only by means of a marriage pact. Although still the husband of Matilde of ...
- Beattie, Ann
- American writer of short stories and novels whose characters, having come of age in the 1960s, often have difficulties adjusting to the cultural values of later generations. [1 Related Articles]
- Beattie, James
- Scottish poet and essayist, whose once-popular poem The Minstrel was one of the earliest works of the Romantic movement. [1 Related Articles]
- Beatty, Clyde
- American trainer of wild animals, known for his "fighting act," designed to show his courage and mastery of the ferocious animals under his control. In one of the most daring ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beatty, David, 1st Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale Of Wexford, Baron Beatty Of The North Sea And Of Brooksby
- British admiral of the fleet, who commanded Britain's battle cruisers in the Battle of Jutland (1916). [2 Related Articles]
- Beatty, Sir Chester
- naturalized British mining engineer and company director who played an important role in the development of copper deposits in central Africa. [1 Related Articles]
- Beatty, Warren
- talented and handsome American leading man who has also produced, directed, and written screenplays. He is best known for his politically charged portrayals of somewhat outcast but charming heroes. [3 Related Articles]
- Beatus Rhenanus
- German humanist, writer, and advocate of Christian reform whose editorial work helped to preserve a wealth of classical literature.
- Beau Bassin-Rose Hill
- town, the second largest settlement on the island of Mauritius, in the western Indian Ocean. It lies on the western slope of the island, just south of Port Louis, the ...
- Beau de Rochas, Alphonse
- French engineer who originated the principle of the four-stroke internal-combustion engine. His achievement lay partly in his emphasizing the previously unappreciated importance of compressing the fuel-air mixture before ignition. [3 Related Articles]
- beau gregory
- (from the article "damselfish") ...the black-and-white, or three-stripe, damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus) of the Indo-Pacific; the garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus), a bright orange California fish about 30 cm long; the beau gregory (Eupomacentrus leucostictus), a blue-and-yellow ...
- Beaucaire
- town, Gard departement, Languedoc-Roussillon region, southeastern France. It lies along the Rhone River, opposite Tarascon, to which it is linked by several bridges. Called ...
- Beaucaire fair
- (from the article "Beaucaire") Beaucaire was formerly an important river port, and for more than six centuries (13th-19th) the July Beaucaire fair was known throughout Europe, attracting as many as 300,000 visitors a year. ...
- Beauce
- region, northwestern France. It stretches southwest of Paris toward the Foret d'Orleans. One of the great traditional granaries of France, Beauce is a flat, fertile, treeless limestone plain that was ...
- Beauchamp, Alphonse de
- French historian whose many works were of popular interest; though they were based upon authentic documents, they were largely compilations and not wholly trustworthy.
- Beauchamp, James
- (from the article "music synthesizer") ...used subtractive synthesis-removing unwanted components from a signal containing a fundamental tone and all related overtones (sawtooth-wave signals). The harmonic-tone generator developed by James Beauchamp at the University of Illinois, ...
- Beauchamp, Pierre
- French ballet dancer and teacher whose contributions to the development of ballet include the definition of the five basic positions of the feet. [2 Related Articles]
- Beauchemin, Jean-Francois
- (from the article "Literature") The year 2007 in Quebec literature was rich and varied. Jean-Francois Beauchemin's slender semiautobiographical work about his near-death experience, La Fabrication de l'aube (2006), won the coveted Prix des Libraires ...
- Beauchemin, Neree
- French Canadian poet and physician who was a prominent poet of Le Terroir (French: "The Soil") school of Quebec regionalist poetry.
- Beauchesne, Jean de
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...first copybook published in England, A Booke Containing Divers Sortes of Hands (1570; this title also translates Cresci's), is the work of a French Huguenot immigrant writing master, Jean de ...
- Beaudesert
- town, southeastern Queensland, eastern Australia, on the Logan River. A livestock station was established there in 1842 and named after Beaudesert, Staffordshire, Eng. In 1863 the state's first cotton plantation ...
- Beaufighter
- (from the article "air warfare") ...in the planes themselves. This beginning of the age of electronic warfare required a novel teamwork between pilot and navigator, and it was best carried out in two-seat aircraft such ...
- Beaufort
- city, seat of Beaufort county, southern South Carolina, U.S. It is situated on Port Royal, one of the Sea Islands, and on the Intracoastal Waterway. Its harbour was first visited ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaufort
- county, extreme southern South Carolina, U.S. It consists of a coastal region bordered to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean. The New and Coosawhatchie rivers define portions of its western ...
- Beaufort
- colonial seaport town, seat of Carteret county, southeastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies opposite Morehead City on Beaufort Harbor (there bridged) and is linked to the Atlantic Ocean by Beaufort ...
- Beaufort Family
- English family comprising the descendants of Edward III's son John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, by his liaison with Catherine Swynford; the name derived from a lordship that Gaunt had ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beaufort Gyre
- (from the article "sea ice") The large-scale drift of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is dominated by the Beaufort Gyre (a roughly circular current flowing clockwise within the surface waters of the Beaufort Sea ...
- Beaufort scale
- scale devised in 1805 by Comdr. (later Admiral and Knight Commander of the Bath) Francis Beaufort of the British Navy for observing and classifying wind force at sea. Originally based ... [2 Related Articles]
- Beaufort Sea
- outlying sea of the Arctic Ocean situated north of Canada and Alaska. It extends northeastward from Point Barrow, Alaska, toward Lands End on Prince Patrick Island, and westward from Banks ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaufort Series
- sedimentary rock layers that were deposited during the transition from the Permian Period to the Triassic Period. The boundary between the Lower and Upper Beaufort Series is recognized as the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaufort, Francois de Vendome, duc de
- French prince, one of the leaders of the Fronde (1648-53) and later admiral in the Mediterranean.
- Beaufort, Henry
- cardinal and bishop of Winchester and a dominant figure in English politics throughout the first 43 years of the 15th century. From about 1435 until 1443 he controlled the government ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beaufort, Margaret
- mother of King Henry VII (reigned 1485-1509) of England and founder of St. John's and Christ's colleges, Cambridge.
- Beaufort, Sir Francis
- (from the article "Beaufort scale") ...of this dependence is given by the descriptions of the various states of the sea corresponding to the scale of wind strengths known as the Beaufort scale (Table 9), after ...
- Beaufre, Andre
- French military strategist, an exponent of an independent French nuclear force.
- Beaufront, Louis de
- (from the article "Ido") artificial language constructed by the French logician and Esperantist Louis de Beaufront and presented at the Delegation pour l'Adoption d'une Langue Auxiliaire Internationale (Delegation for the Adoption of an International ...
- Beaugency
- town, Loiret departement, Centre region, north-central France. It lies on the right bank of the Loire River. The lords of Beaugency were powerful from ...
- Beaugency, Council of
- (from the article "Beaugency") ...region, north-central France. It lies on the right bank of the Loire River. The lords of Beaugency were powerful from the 11th to the 13th century. The first Council of ...
- Beaugency, Council of
- (from the article "Beaugency") ...powerful from the 11th to the 13th century. The first Council of Beaugency (1104) excommunicated Philip I, who had repudiated his queen and abducted and married the count of Anjou's ...
- Beauharnais, Alexandre, Viscount de
- first husband of Josephine (later empress of the French) and grandfather of Napoleon III; he was a prominent figure during the Revolution. [1 Related Articles]
- Beauharnais, Eugene de
- soldier, prince of the French First Empire, and viceroy of Italy for Napoleon I, who was his stepfather (from 1796) and adoptive father (from 1806). [1 Related Articles]
- Beauharnois Canal
- (from the article "canals and inland waterways") ...Laprairie Basin and proceeds 8.5 miles to the second Cote Ste. Catherine Lock, which rises 30 feet to Lake St. Louis and bypasses the Lachine Rapids. Thereafter, the channel runs ...
- Beaujolais
- ancient province of France, of which Beaujeu and Villefranche were successively the capital and which corresponded in area to much of the modern departement of Rhone, with a small portion ...
- Beaujolais
- one of the most widely drunk red wines in the world, produced in the Beaujolais region of southern Burgundy, France. The wine is made from the Gamay grape; it is ...
- Beaujolais
- region of east-central France, just east of the Massif Central and west of the Saone River. Most of the region is located within Rhone departement. The local relief is broken ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaujolais nouveau
- (from the article "Beaujolais") The popularity of Beaujolais increased rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century. It became fashionable to drink it shortly after harvest; this very young wine is called Beaujolais ...
- Beaujoyeulx, Balthazar de
- composer and choreographer who influenced the development of theatrical dance and opera. [1 Related Articles]
- Beaulieu, Jean-Pierre
- (from the article "Lodi, Battle of") ...It was fought at the Lodi Bridge, over the Adda River, 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Milan, between 5,000 troops of Napoleon's Army of Italy and K.P. Sebottendorf's 10,000 ...
- Beaulieu, Treaty of
- (from the article "Anjou, Francois, duc d'") ...he bore the title of duc d'Alencon until 1576. Small and swarthy, ambitious and devious, but a leader of the moderate Roman Catholic faction called the Politiques, he secured in ...
- Beaulieu, Treuille de
- (from the article "artillery") Meanwhile, the French adopted a muzzle-loading system designed by Treuille de Beaulieu, in which the gun had three deep spiral grooves and the projectile had soft metal studs. The gun ...
- Beaulieu, Victor-Levy
- (from the article "Literature") ...Suzanne Jacob's lyrical novel Fugueuses was greeted with great acclaim; poet, essayist, and philosopher Pierre Nepveu published his collection of poems Le Sens du soleil; and Victor-Levy Beaulieu, a writer ...
- Beaumanoir, Jean de
- (from the article "Thirty, Battle of the") When, in spite of a truce, John Bramborough, the English captain of Ploermel, continued his ravages in the district of Josselin, Jean de Beaumanoir, captain of Josselin and marshal of ...
- Beaumanoir, Philippe de Remi, sire de
- French administrator and jurist whose major work, Coutumes de Beauvaisis (drafted c. 1280-83), was an early codification of old French law.
- Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de
- French author of two outstanding comedies of intrigue that still retain their freshness, Le Barbier de Seville (1775; The Barber of Seville, 1776) and Le Mariage de Figaro (1784; The ... [5 Related Articles]
- Beaumont
- city, seat (1838) of Jefferson county, southeastern Texas, U.S., at the head of navigation on the Neches River (an arm of the Sabine-Neches Waterway), 85 miles (137 km) east-northeast of ...
- Beaumont borer
- (from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...to a range of several hundred feet per day. The Oahe mole was partly inspired by work on a pilot tunnel in chalk started under the English Channel for which ...
- Beaumont Hospital
- (from the article "Dublin") ...with University College Dublin and is the national centre for cardiothoracic surgery. Dublin's Royal College of Surgeons is one of the five recognized colleges of the National University of Ireland. ...
- Beaumont, Elie de
- geologist who prepared the great geological map of France in collaboration with the French geologist Ours Pierre Dufrenoy.
- Beaumont, Francis
- English Jacobean poet and playwright who collaborated with John Fletcher on comedies and tragedies between about 1606 and 1613. [4 Related Articles]
- Beaumont, Gustave de
- (from the article "Tocqueville, Alexis de") He entered public life in the company of a close friend who was to become his alter ego-Gustave de Beaumont. Their life histories are virtual mirror images. Of similar backgrounds ...
- Beaumont, Harry
- (from the article "1928/29: Best Picture") The Broadway Melody, produced by Harry Rapf, directed by Harry Beaumont (AAN), screenplay by James Gleason, Norman Houston, Sarah Y. Mason, based on a story by Edmund Goulding.
- Beaumont, Mme Le Prince de
- (from the article "children's literature") ...are no other decades to match it. There does exist a disproportion between French literary genius as a whole and the children's literature it has been able to produce. The ...
- Beaumont, Sir John, 1st Baronet
- English poet whose work helped to establish the heroic couplet as a dominant verse form. His most important works are The Metamorphosis of Tobacco (1602), a mock-heroic ...
- Beaumont, William
- U.S. army surgeon, the first person to observe and study human digestion as it occurs in the stomach. [2 Related Articles]
- Beaune
- town, Cote-d'Or departement, Bourgogne (Burgundy) region, east-central France, on the Bouzaise River, southwest of Dijon. Settled since prehistoric times, it prospered under the Romans ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beauneveu, Andre
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...of private monumental sculpture have been lost in France and the Low Countries. The main sculptor of the French royal family in the second half of the 14th century was ...
- Beauregard, P.G.T.
- Confederate general in the American Civil War. [4 Related Articles]
- Beauregard, Paul
- (from the article "2005: Other Winners") ...for Brokeback Mountain Original Song: "It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp" from Hustle & Flow, music and lyrics by Jordan Houston, Cedric Coleman, ...
- Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park
- (from the article "Indonesia") The Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park (Taman Mini Indonesia Indah; "Taman Mini"), in Jakarta, is a "living museum" that highlights the current diversity of Indonesia's peoples and lifestyles. The park ...
- beauty
- (from the article "aesthetics") ...of art, which comprises one of its branches. It deals not only with the nature and value of the arts but also with those responses to natural objects that find ...
- beauty bush
- (Kolkwitzia amabilis), ornamental flowering shrub of the family Caprifoliaceae, native to central China; it is the only member of its genus. Its paired, bell-like flowers, one above the other, range ...
- beautyberry
- (from the article "mulberry") ...and variegated) that find use as hardy ornamentals and in naturalized landscapes. It may also be grown in pots or in conservatories and succeeds best in a rich, deep, and ...
- Beauvais
- town, capital of Oise departement, Picardy region, northern France, at the juncture of the Therain and Avelon rivers, north of Paris. Capital of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beauvais tapestry
- any product of the tapestry factory established in 1664 in Beauvais, Fr., by two Flemish weavers, Louis Hinart and Philippe Behagle. Although it was under the patronage of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Beauvilliers, Antoine
- (from the article "restaurant") Boulanger operated a modest establishment; it was not until 1782 that La Grande Taverne de Londres, the first luxury restaurant, was founded in Paris. The owner, Antoine Beauvilliers, a leading ...
- Beauvoir
- (from the article "Biloxi") ...with several casinos located in the city. Government services and seafood processing are also important. Annual festivals include the blessing of the shrimp fleet and the Biloxi Mardi Gras. Beauvoir, ...
- Beauvoir, Simone de
- French writer and feminist, a member of the intellectual fellowship of philosopher-writers who have given a literary transcription to the themes of Existentialism. She is known primarily for her treatise ... [8 Related Articles]
- Beaux Arts, Musee des
- (from the article "Dijon") ...Only two towers-the guardroom and the kitchens-survive from the original 14th- and 15th-century building. The palace is now the hotel de ville (town hall) and contains the Musee des Beaux ...
- Beaux, Cecilia
- American painter, considered one of the finest portrait painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Beaux-Arts, Ecole des
- school of fine arts founded (as the Academie Royale d'Architecture) in Paris in 1671 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, minister of Louis XIV; it merged with the Academie Royale de Peinture et ... [6 Related Articles]
- Beaver
- a small, Athabascan-speaking North American Indian tribe living in the mountainous riverine areas of northern Alberta. In the early 18th century they were driven westward into this area by the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaver
- county, western Pennsylvania, U.S., bordered to the west by Ohio and West Virginia. It consists of a hilly region on the Allegheny Plateau drained by the Ohio and Beaver rivers. ...
- beaver
- either of two species of amphibious rodents native to North America, Europe, and Asia. Beavers are the largest North American and Eurasian rodents, with bodies up to 80 cm (31 ... [4 Related Articles]
- Beaver
- (from the article "flight, history of") ...a significant market and became essential cogs in the economies of numerous global regions. Canada, with a long history of aircraft used in wilderness flying, produced a rugged example known ...
- Beaver Island
- largest of an island group in northeastern Lake Michigan, U.S., about 35 miles (55 km) north-northwest of the resort city of Charlevoix, Mich. It extends about 13 miles (21 km) ... [1 Related Articles]
- beaver lodge
- (from the article "beaver") ...colonial and primarily nocturnal. Their characteristically dome-shaped island lodges are built of branches plastered with mud. In marshes, lakes, and small rivers, beavers may instead construct bank lodges, and in ...
- beaver tail cactus
- (from the article "prickly pear") ...and are valued for their large flowers. They are easily propagated from stem segments. Two of the best-known species, Engelmann prickly pear (O. engelmannii; see photograph) and the beaver tail ...
- Beaver Wars
- (from the article "Native American") Having defeated the Huron confederacy to their north and west, the Iroquois took the Beaver Wars to the large Algonquin population to their north and east, to the Algonquian territory ...
- Beaver, Bruce
- Australian poet, novelist, and journalist noted for his experimental forms and courageous self-examination, both of which made him one of the major forces in Australian poetry during the 1960s and ...
- Beaverbrook, Sir Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron, 1st Baronet
- financier in Canada, politician and newspaper proprietor in Great Britain, one of three persons (the others were Winston Churchill and John Simon) to sit in the British cabinet during both ... [2 Related Articles]
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