| | - beadwork
- use of beads in fabric decoration; beads may be individually stitched, applied in threaded lengths, or actually woven into the material, the weft threaded with beads before being woven in. ... [1 Related Articles]
- beagle
- small hound-dog breed popular as both a pet and a hunter. It looks like a small foxhound and has large brown eyes, hanging ears, and a short coat, usually a ...
- Beagle
- British naval vessel aboard which Charles Darwin served as naturalist on a voyage to South America and around the world (1831-36). The specimens and observations accumulated on this voyage gave ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beagle 2
- (from the article "Physical Sciences") ...Earth. By October, Spirit had traveled more than 3.6 km (2.2 mi) and Opportunity more than 1.6 km (1 mi). Through January, the European Space Agency (ESA) tried in vain ...
- Beagle Aircraft Ltd.
- (from the article "flight, history of") In Great Britain, Beagle Aircraft Ltd. enjoyed some success in the 1960s. The distinctive name represented an acronym derived from British Executive and General Aviation Limited. Although several dozen airplanes ...
- Beagle Channel
- strait in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago at the southern tip of South America. The channel, trending east-west, is about 150 miles (240 km) long and 3 to 8 miles ... [1 Related Articles]
- beak
- stiff, projecting oral structure of certain animals. Beaks are present in a few invertebrates (e.g., cephalopods and some insects), some fishes and mammals, and all birds and turtles. Many dinosaurs ... [18 Related Articles]
- beak rush
- (from the article "Cyperaceae") ...in the subfamily Cyperoideae. The spikelet found in Cyperus and several related, smaller genera is similar, but the lowermost bract does not bear a flower. Spikelets characteristic of Rhynchospora and ...
- beak style
- distinctive use of birdlike forms in human figures carved in wood in the lower Sepik and Ramu regions of Papua New Guinea. The head of the figure is generally placed ...
- beaked filbert
- (from the article "filbert") ...the European filbert (Corylus avellana) and the giant filbert (C. maxima), and by hybrids of these species with two American shrubs, the American filbert (C. americana) and the beaked filbert ...
- beaked salmon
- (from the article "sandfish") any of several unrelated marine fishes found along sandy shores. Sandfishes, or beaked salmon, of the species Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus (family Gonorhynchidae) live in shallow to deep Indo-Pacific waters and can ...
- beaked whale
- any of 21 species of medium-sized toothed whales with extended snouts, including the bottlenose whales. Little is known about this family of cetaceans; one species was first described in 1995, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beaker folk
- Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age people living about 6,000 years ago in the temperate zones of Europe; they received their name from their distinctive bell-shaped beakers, decorated in horizontal zones by ... [8 Related Articles]
- beakhead
- (from the article "figurehead") ...and projected out over the stem. With this type of construction, the figurehead practically disappeared. Gradually the boarding platform was moved back until it formed the forecastle; when the beakhead ...
- Beal, Frank P.
- (from the article "paddle tennis") small-scale form of tennis similar to a British shipboard game of the 1890s. Frank P. Beal, a New York City official, introduced paddle tennis on New York playgrounds in the ...
- Beale Street
- (from the article "Memphis") Memphis is one of the birthplaces of blues music and is associated particularly with composer W.C. Handy, who immortalized the city's Beale Street in one of his songs. Handy's home ...
- Beale, Dorothea
- (from the article "Buss, Frances") ...and the improvement of teachers' training. She founded the Association of Headmistresses in 1874 and was its first president (1874-94). She was succeeded in that post by her associate Dorothea ...
- Beale, Joseph
- (from the article "conflict of laws") ...to its nature," the legal problem or relationship had its "seat." Anglo-American law also sought the territorially applicable law because, in the view of the American legal scholar Joseph Beale ...
- Beale, Simon Russell
- (from the article "Performing Arts") It was hard to deny Beale his accolades as "actor of the year," especially after three more sensationally intelligent and captivating performances: his Cassius was flanked by a surprisingly imaginative ...
- Beals, Jessie Tarbox
- American photographer who was one of the first women in the United States to have a career as a photojournalist.
- beam
- in engineering, originally a solid piece of timber, as a beam of a house, a plow, a loom, or a balance. In building construction, a beam is a horizontal member ... [7 Related Articles]
- beam
- (from the article "navigation") ...in which only A or only N could be heard, the characters interleaved to produce a steady tone; these four intermediate directions were the preferred courses, called beams. Only a ...
- beam
- (from the article "particle accelerator") ...overall acceleration time. The highest energy imparted to protons in a classical cyclotron is less than 25 MeV, and this achievement requires the imposition of hundreds of kilovolts to the ...
- beam and girder framing
- (from the article "building construction") ...loads are the main concern, a number of framing systems are used to channel the flow of load through the floors to the columns for spans of six to 12 ...
- beam blank casting
- (from the article "steel") ...principles are used for casting strands of different cross sections. Billet casters solidify 80- to 175-millimetre squares or rounds, bloom casters solidify sections of 300 by 400 millimetres, and beam ...
- beam bridge
- (from the article "bridge") The beam bridge is the most common bridge form. A beam carries vertical loads by bending. As the beam bridge bends, it undergoes horizontal compression on the top. At the ...
- beam divergence loss
- (from the article "telecommunications media") The loss mechanisms in a free-space optical channel are virtually identical to those in a line-of-sight microwave radio channel. Signals are degraded by beam divergence, atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric scattering. ...
- beam riding
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") ...optics and television tracking, which often operated in the infrared range and issued commands generated automatically by computerized fire-control systems. Another early command guidance method was beam riding, in which ...
- beam splitter
- (from the article "optics") Prisms containing a semireflecting, semitransmitting surface are known as beam splitters and as such have many uses. An important application is found in some colour television cameras, in which the ...
- beam theory
- (from the article "ship") In a long-favoured application of beam theory to the design of a ship's hull, the ship is assumed to be supported by a quasi-steady wave (i.e., not moving with respect ...
- beam trawler
- (from the article "commercial fishing") With this type of vessel, two beam trawls are towed from booms extending to each side and supported by a central mast. The booms are very strong, as they take ...
- beam voltage
- (from the article "electron tube") ...the cathode and the cavity resonators (the buncher and the catcher, which serve as reservoirs of electromagnetic oscillations) is the accelerating potential and is commonly referred to as the beam ...
- beam-power tube
- (from the article "tetrode") ...the control grid from the influence of the plate when its potential changes. Although the pentode has replaced the tetrode in most vacuum-tube functions, a specially designed tetrode, called the ...
- Beame, Abraham David
- British-born American politician (b. March 20, 1906, London, Eng.-d. Feb. 10, 2001, New York, N.Y.), served as mayor of New York City from 1974 to 1977; he was the city's ... [1 Related Articles]
- beaming
- (from the article "musical notation") ...two bar lines (a measure, or bar); and, second, the subsidiary stress patterns within that space. A supplementary system for indicating stress is the device of linking successive notes together ...
- Beamon, Bob
- American long jumper, who set a world record of 8.90 metres (29.2 feet) at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. The new record surpassed the existing mark by an ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beams, Jesse W.
- (from the article "isotope") ...of gaseous molecules spins at high speed in a specially designed closed container, the heaviest species will concentrate near the outer walls and the lightest near the axis. The American ...
- Beamys
- (from the article "African pouched rat") African pouched rats constitute the subfamily Cricetomyinae of the mouse and rat family Muridae within the order Rodentia. Although Beamys and Cricetomys are not represented by fossils, preserved fragments of ...
- bean
- seed or pod of certain leguminous plants of the family Fabaceae, originally of Vicia faba, an Old World species called broad bean, or fava bean. The mature seeds of the ... [8 Related Articles]
- bean silver
- (from the article "coin") ...time to time; round gold is rare and usually of provincial mints. Silver was originally in the form of stamped bars called long silver; these were supplemented by small lumps, ...
- bean weevil
- (from the article "seed beetle") ...In adults, the abdomen extends beyond the short forewings (elytra) and the head is extended into a broad, short snout. The life cycle is typified by the pea weevil (Bruchus ...
- Bean, Alan L.
- astronaut, participant in the Apollo 12 mission (Nov. 14-22, 1969), during which two long walks totalling nearly eight hours were made on the Moon's surface. Bean and Comdr. Charles Conrad, ...
- Bean, Charles Edwin Woodward
- (from the article "Australian literature") ...often wryly, on natural history and the advantages of the contemplative life. Jack McLaren in My Crowded Solitude (1926) was another who encountered timelessness for a time. And C.E.W. Bean ...
- Bean, Roy
- justice of the peace and saloonkeeper who styled himself the "law west of the Pecos."
- bear
- any of nine species of large, short-tailed carnivores found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is the smallest, often weighing less than ... [10 Related Articles]
- Bear Flag Revolt
- (June-July 1846), short-lived independence rebellion precipitated by American settlers in California's Sacramento Valley against Mexican authorities. In 1846 approximately 500 Americans were living in California, compared with between 8,000 and ... [4 Related Articles]
- bear garden
- (from the article "bearbaiting") ...or a bull chained to a stake by the neck or leg. Popular from the 12th to the 19th century, when they were banned as inhumane, these spectacles were usually ...
- bear grass
- one of two species of North American plants constituting the genus Xerophyllum of the family Melanthiaceae. The western species, X. tenax, also is known as elk grass, squaw grass, and ...
- bear market
- in securities and commodities trading, a declining market. A bear is an investor who expects prices to decline and, on this assumption, sells a borrowed security or commodity in the ...
- Bear Run
- (from the article "Western architecture") At about the same time, Wright produced four masterpieces: Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania (1936), the daringly cantilevered weekend house of Edgar Kaufmann; the administration building of S.C. Johnson & Son ...
- bear's-breech
- (from the article "Acanthaceae") The group is mainly of horticultural interest and includes such ornamentals as bear's-breech (Acanthus mollis), clock vine (Thunbergia), shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeeana; formerly known as Beloperone guttata), ...
- Beara
- (from the article "Kerry") ...km) from Tralee to the Blasket Islands; the Iveragh peninsula, 30 miles (48 km) long and 15 miles (24 km) wide, which continues the line of hills from western County ...
- bearbaiting
- the setting of dogs on a bear or a bull chained to a stake by the neck or leg. Popular from the 12th to the 19th century, when they were ... [3 Related Articles]
- bearberry
- (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), flowering, prostrate, evergreen shrubs, of the heath family (Ericaceae), occurring widely throughout North America in rocky and sandy woods and open areas. It has woody stems that are ... [1 Related Articles]
- beard
- (from the article "dress") The earliest records indicate that Egyptian men grew hair on their chins. They might frizz, dye, or use henna on this beard, and sometimes they plaited it with interwoven gold ...
- beard lichen
- any member of the genus Usnea, a yellow or greenish fruticose (bushy, branched) lichen with long stems and disk-shaped holdfasts, which resembles a tangled mass of threads. It occurs in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beard, Amanda
- (from the article "Swimming") In 2005 swimming superstars Ian Thorpe of Australia and Amanda Beard of the U.S. decided to skip the entire year of competition-Thorpe to focus on his burgeoning commercial empire and ...
- Beard, Charles A
- American historian, best-known for his iconoclastic studies of the development of U.S. political institutions. His emphasis on the dynamics of socioeconomic conflict and change and his analysis of motivational factors ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beard, Daniel
- American illustrator, author, and outdoor enthusiast who was a pioneer of the youth scouting movement in the United States. Beard's article on woodcraft appeared in the 14th edition of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beard, Richard
- (from the article "photography, history of") The first studio in Europe was opened by Richard Beard in a glasshouse on the roof of the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London on March 23, 1841. Unlike the many ...
- bearded collie
- dog breed developed in Great Britain for herding sheep and driving cattle to market; it is one the oldest British breeds, and its ancestors may have included herding dogs from ...
- bearded iris
- (from the article "Iris") Best known are the bearded, or German, group-the common garden irises. These are hybrids of pale-blue I. pallida, yellow I. variegata, purple-blue I. germanica, and perhaps other southern European species. ...
- bearded needle
- (from the article "textile") The bearded needle, made from thin wire, has one end bent, forming an operating handle; the other end is drawn out and bent over, forming a long flexible tipped hook ...
- bearded saki
- (from the article "saki") Bearded sakis (Chiropotes) are not as well known as true sakis. Each of the two species is about 40-45 cm long, excluding the heavily furred tail, which ...
- bearded seal
- (Erignathus barbatus), nonmigratory seal of the family Phocidae, distinguished by the bushy, bristly whiskers for which it is named; it is also known as "squareflipper" after the rectangular shape of ...
- Bearden, Romare
- American painter, whose collages of photographs and painted paper on canvas depict aspects of American black culture in a style derived from Cubism. He is considered one of the most ...
- beardfish
- any of the five species of fishes in the genus Polymixia constituting the family Polymixiidae (order Polymixiiformes). Beardfishes are restricted primarily to deep-sea marine habitats in tropical and temperate regions ... [1 Related Articles]
- Beardmore Glacier
- glacier in central Antarctica, descending about 7,200 ft (2,200 m) from the South Polar Plateau to Ross Ice Shelf, dividing the Transantarctic Mountains of Queen Maud and Queen Alexandra. One ...
- Beardsley, Aubrey
- the leading English illustrator of the 1890s and, after Oscar Wilde, the outstanding figure in the Aestheticism movement. [3 Related Articles]
- Beardsley, Monroe Curtis
- (from the article "intentional fallacy") Introduced by W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Monroe C. Beardsley in The Verbal Icon (1954), the approach was a reaction to the popular belief that to know what the author intended-what ...
- beardworm
- any of a group of marine invertebrates constituting the phylum Pogonophora. Pogonophorans live a sedentary life in long, protective tubes on seafloors throughout the world. The common name beardworm refers ... [4 Related Articles]
- bearer
- (from the article "bustle") ...worn at the back, was popular in the 1860s and '70s and revived a fashion that had originated in France in the 1780s. Padded rolls at the hips were known ...
- bearer of souls motif
- (from the article "jewelry") ...centuries the most magnificent court was that of the Asantehene (king of the united Ashanti state) in Kumasi, the Ashanti capital on the Gold Coast. A widely used object was ...
- bearing
- in machine construction, a connector (usually a support) that permits the connected members to rotate or to move in a straight line relative to one another. Often one of the ... [3 Related Articles]
- bearing
- (from the article "navigation") ...on the charts, a mariner needs to know the vessel's exact position. By means of a sight fitted to the compass, the direction of any visible landmark or buoy can ...
- bearing pile
- (from the article "building construction") ...metre (100 to 300 pounds per square foot), and the full range of foundation types is used for them. Spread footings are used, as are pile foundations, which are of ...
- bearing steel
- (from the article "steel") One important group that well demonstrates the enormous impact of material developments on engineering possibilities is the steels used for roller and ball bearings. These steels often contain 1 percent ...
- Bearn
- historic and cultural region encompassing mountainous regions of the southwestern French departement of Pyrenees-Atlantiques and coextensive with the former province of Bearn.
- Bearnais
- (from the article "Pyrenees") The Pyrenees are the home of a variety of peoples, including the Andorrans, Catalans, Bearnais, and Basques. Each speaks its own dialect or language, and each desires to maintain and ...
- Bearsted, Sir Marcus Samuel, Viscount
- (from the article "Royal Dutch/Shell Group") The two parent companies began as rival organizations in the late 19th century. In 1878 in London, Marcus Samuel (1853-1927) took over his father's import-export business (which included the import ...
- Beartooth Range
- segment of the northern Rocky Mountains in the United States, extending east-southeastward for 50 miles (80 km) from the Stillwater River, in southern Montana, to the Clarks Fork of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Beas River
- river in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab states, northwestern India. It is one of the five rivers that give the Punjab ("Five Rivers") its name. It rises at an elevation of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beast
- (from the article "roller coaster") ...in the roller coaster rebirth. Nostalgia was part of the attraction to new wooden "megacoasters," such as Racer (1972), a classic John Allen design featuring dual coasters, and the Beast ...
- beast epic
- popular genre in various literatures, consisting of a lengthy cycle of animal tales that provides a satiric commentary on human society. Although individual episodes may be drawn from fables, the ... [3 Related Articles]
- beast fable
- a prose or verse fable or short story that usually has a moral. In beast fables animal characters are represented as acting with human feelings and motives. Among the best-known ... [1 Related Articles]
- beast of burden
- (from the article "donkey") domestic ass belonging to the horse family, Equidae, and descended from the African wild ass (Equus asinus; see ass). It is known to have been used as a beast of ...
- beast tale
- a prose or verse narrative similar to the beast fable in that it portrays animal characters acting as humans but unlike the fable in that it usually lacks a moral. ...
- Beastie Boys, the
- American hip-hop and rock group, the first white rap performers to gain a substantial following; as such, they were largely responsible for the growth of rap's mainstream audience. The principal ... [1 Related Articles]
- beat
- in music, the basic rhythmic unit of a measure, or bar, not to be confused with rhythm as such; nor is the beat necessarily identical with the underlying pulse of ... [4 Related Articles]
- beat
- in physics, the pulsation caused by the combination of two waves of slightly different frequencies. The principle of beats for sound waves can be demonstrated on a piano by striking ... [2 Related Articles]
- beat knee
- (from the article "joint disease") The more clearly traumatic forms of bursitis are exemplified by "beat knee," a bursitis that develops below the kneecap because of severe or prolonged pressure on the knee. Bloody fluid ...
- Beat movement
- American social and literary movement originating in the 1950s and centred in the bohemian artist communities of San Francisco's North Beach, Los Angeles' Venice West, and New York City's Greenwich ... [7 Related Articles]
- Beata Ridge
- submarine ridge of the southern Caribbean Sea floor. The Beata Ridge trends south-southwest from Beata Cape on the island of Hispaniola and divides this part of the sea into two ...
- beater
- (from the article "percussion instrument") Kettledrums and tubular drums may be struck with the hands, with beaters, or with both combined or with the knotted ends of a thong or cord. Beaters can be cylindrical, ...
- Beatific Vision
- (from the article "Benedict XII") ...in Avignon, who elected him (Dec. 20, 1334) to succeed John XXII. He worked to settle a controversy that had agitated the close of John's pontificate-the controversy over the question ...
- beatification
- (from the article "beatification") in the Roman Catholic church, second stage in the process of canonization (q.v.).conducted by Congregation of RitescanonizationPope Sixtus V (1585-90) ...
- beating in
- (from the article "textile") Since it is not possible to lay the weft close to the junction of the warp and the cloth already woven, a further operation called beating in, or beating up ...
- beating reed
- (from the article "wind instrument") ...but also one with luck. The names of the Renaissance wind instruments are familiar to many music lovers, since the Baroque organ adapted so many stops imitating the colour of ...
- Beatitude
- any of the blessings said by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount as told in the biblical New Testament in Matthew 5:3-12 and in the Sermon on the Plain ... [3 Related Articles]
- Beatlemania
- (from the article "Beatles, the") ...the fall of that year, when they belatedly made a couple of appearances on British television, the evidence of popular frenzy prompted British newspapermen to coin a new word for ...
- Beatles, the
- British musical quartet and a global cynosure for the hopes and dreams of a generation that came of age in the 1960s. The principal members were Paul McCartney (in full ... [26 Related Articles]
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