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Bernese Alps ... Berwinski, Ryszard Wincenty

Bernese Alps: segment of the Central Alps lying north of the Upper Rhone River and south of the Brienzer and Thunersee (lakes) in Bern and Valais cantons of southwestern Switzerland. The mountains ...
Bernese mountain dog: breed of Swiss working dog taken to Switzerland over 2,000 years ago by invading Romans. The breed was widely used in Switzerland to pull carts and to drive cattle to ...
Bernhard: duke of Saxe-Weimar (Sachsen-Weimar), a politically ambitious Protestant general during the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). One of the most successful field commanders of his age, he won a number of ...
Bernhard, prince of The Netherlands, prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld: prince of The Netherlands who, during World War II, served as liaison between the Dutch government-in-exile and the British armed forces and commanded The Netherlands Forces of the Interior (1944-45).
Bernhard, Thomas: Austrian writer who explored death, social injustice, and human misery in controversial literature that was deeply pessimistic about modern civilization in general and Austrian culture in particular.
Bernhardt, Sarah: the greatest French actress of the later 19th century and one of the best-known figures in the history of the stage.
Berni, Francesco: poet and translator important for his Tuscan version of Matteo Boiardo's epic poem Orlando innamorato (1483) and for the distinctive style of his Italian burlesque, which was called bernesco and ...
Bernicia: in British history, a northern Anglo-Saxon kingdom that by the last quarter of the 7th century had become permanently united with its neighbour Deira to form the kingdom of Northumbria. ...
Bernina Alps: part of the Rhaetian Alps in eastern Switzerland along the Italian border, lying southeast of the Engadin (valley of the Upper Inn River). The scenic range rises to Bernina Peak ...
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo: Italian artist who was perhaps the greatest sculptor of the 17th century and an outstanding architect as well. Bernini created the Baroque style of sculpture and developed it to such ...
Bernini, Pietro: Italian late Mannerist sculptor who was invited to Rome in 1605/06 to work for Pope Paul V (1605-21) on the decorations of the Paolina (Borghese) Chapel in the Basilica of ...
Bernis, Francois-Joachim de Pierre de: French statesman and cardinal who played an important part in the diplomatic revolution of 1756-57, in the suppression of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) by the papacy in 1773, and ...
Bernkastel-Kues: city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), western Germany. It lies along the Moselle (Mosel) River, northeast of Trier. Formerly two separate towns, Bernkastel lies on the river's right bank and Kues on ...
Bernoulli's theorem: in fluid dynamics, relation among the pressure, velocity, and elevation in a moving fluid (liquid or gas), the compressibility and viscosity (internal friction) of which are negligible and the flow ...
Bernoulli, Daniel: the most distinguished of the second generation of the Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians. He investigated not only mathematics but also such fields as medicine, biology, physiology, mechanics, physics, astronomy, ...
Bernoulli, Jakob: first of the Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians. He introduced the first principles of the calculus of variation. Bernoulli numbers, a concept that he developed, were named for him.
Bernoulli, Johann: major member of the Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians. He investigated the then new mathematical calculus, which he applied to the measurement of curves, to differential equations, and to mechanical ...
Bernstein, Aline Frankau: theatrical designer and writer, the first major woman designer for the American stage.
Bernstein, Eduard: Social Democratic propagandist, political theorist, and historian, one of the first Socialists to attempt a revision of Karl Marx's tenets, such as abandoning the ideas of the imminent collapse of ...
Bernstein, Henry: French playwright, initially popular for a series of sensational melodramas, who later turned to more serious themes, experimented with new forms, and campaigned against anti-Semitism and Nazism.
Bernstein, Jeremy: American physicist, educator, and writer widely known for the clarity of his writing for the lay reader on the major issues of modern physics.
Bernstein, Leonard: American conductor, composer, and pianist noted for his accomplishments in both classical and popular music, for his flamboyant conducting style, and for his pedagogic flair, especially in concerts for young ...
Bernstorff, Albrecht, Count von: Prussian statesman known for his charm and diplomatic skill.
Bernstorff, Andreas Peter, Count von: Danish Greve Af Bernstorff statesman who maintained the neutrality of Denmark during the last quarter of the 18th century and who took a leading part in Danish domestic reform.
Bernstorff, Christian Gunther, Graf von: Danish Greve af Bernstorff Danish diplomat who was foreign minister (1818-32) of Prussia and an architect of the German customs union (Zollverein).
Bernstorff, J.H.E., Count von: Danish statesman who as foreign minister preserved Denmark's neutrality during the Seven Years' War and strengthened the rights of the Danish crown against Russia in the duchy of Holstein.
Bernstorff, Johann-Heinrich, Count von: German diplomat who represented his country in London and Cairo and, as ambassador, in Washington, D.C. (1908-17).
Berosus: also spelled Berossus, Berossos, or Berosos, Akkadian Bel-usur Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon who wrote a work in three books (in Greek) on the history and culture of Babylonia; ...
Berr, Henri: French historian and philosopher who founded a series of Parisian institutes and journals dedicated to the synthesis of historical and scientific scholarship.
Berra, Yogi: American professional baseball player, manager, and coach who established records (all since broken) for catchers of his era; he held the records for most home runs hit while playing in ...
Berriasian Stage: standard, worldwide division of Lower Cretaceous rocks and time (the Cretaceous Period began about 144,000,000 years ago and lasted about 77,000,000 years). The Berriasian underlies the Valanginian Stage and is ...
Berrigan, Daniel: Roman Catholic priest whose poems and essays reflect his deep commitment to social, political, and economic change in American society.
Berruguete, Alonso: the most important Spanish sculptor of the Renaissance, known for his intensely emotional Mannerist sculptures of figures portrayed in spiritual torment or in transports of religious ecstasy.
Berruguete, Pedro: the first great Renaissance painter in Spain, and the father of Alonso Berruguete, the greatest Spanish sculptor of the 16th century.
Berry: historic and cultural region encompassing the central French departements of Indre and Cher, and coextensive with the former province of Berry.
berry: simple, fleshy fruit that usually has many seeds, such as the banana, tomato, and cranberry. The middle and inner layers of the fruit wall often are not distinct from each ...
Berry, Charles-Ferdinand de Bourbon, duc de: French prince whose murder by the fanatic Louvel marked a turning point in the history of the Restoration monarchy (1814-30). His death hastened the downfall and replacement of the Decazes ...
Berry, Chuck: singer, songwriter, and guitarist who was one of the most popular and influential performers in rhythm-and-blues and rock-and-roll music in the 1950s, '60s, and '70s.
Berry, Halle: American film actress, the first African American to win the Academy Award for best actress. She received the honour for her nuanced portrayal of Leticia Musgrove, a down-on-her-luck character in ...
Berry, Jean de France, duc de: (duke of) third son of King John II the Good of France and a leading patron of the arts; he controlled at least one-third of the territory of France during ...
Berry, Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de: daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies, who in 1832 staged a brief rebellion in western France against the king, Louis-Philippe, in a vain attempt to gain the crown ...
Berry, Martha McChesney: American educator whose personal efforts made education and work-study available to thousands of children in rural Georgia.
Berry, Wendell: American author whose nature poetry, novels of America's rural past, and essays on ecological responsibility grew from his experiences as a farmer.
Berryer, Pierre-Antoine: French lawyer and politician, defender of the freedom of the press during the reigns of King Louis-Philippe and Napoleon III.
Berryman, John: U.S. poet whose importance was assured by the publication in 1956 of the long poem Homage to Mistress Bradstreet.
berserker: in premedieval and medieval Norse and Germanic history and folklore, a member of unruly warrior gangs that worshipped Odin, the supreme Norse deity, and attached themselves to royal and noble ...
Bert, Paul: French physiologist, politician, and diplomat, founder of modern aerospace medicine, whose research into the effects of air pressure on the body helped make possible the exploration of space and the ...
Bertani, Agostino: physician who collaborated with Mazzini and Garibaldi in the movement for Italian liberation.
Bertaut, Jean de Caen: French poet notable as a writer of polished light verse.
Berthelier, Philibert: political martyr and leader of the Genevese anti-Savoyard faction (Eidguenots) that struggled against the powerful duke of Savoy, Charles III, to maintain the independence of Geneva.
Berthelot, Marcellin: French organic and physical chemist, science historian, and government official whose creative thought and work significantly influenced the development of chemistry in the latter part of the 19th century.
Berthelot, Philippe: French diplomat who in his long career in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs played an influential role in international relations during World War I and in the postwar administrations of ...
Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, Prince De Wagram: French soldier and the first of Napoleon's marshals. Though Berthier was not a distinguished commander, Napoleon esteemed him highly as chief of staff of the Grande Armee from 1805. Responsible ...
Berthold Der Schwarze: German monk and alchemist who, probably among others, discovered gunpowder (c. 1313). The only evidence consists of entries of dubious authenticity in the town records of Ghent (now in Belgium). ...
Berthold Von Henneberg: archbishop-elector of Mainz, imperial chancellor and reformer, who worked unsuccessfully for an increase in the powers of the clerical and lay nobility at the expense of the Holy Roman emperor.
Bertholet, Alfred: Protestant Old Testament scholar, who also wrote on the phenomenology of religion.
Berthollet, Claude-Louis, Comte: (Count) French chemist who was the first to note that the completeness of chemical reactions depends in part upon the masses of the reacting substances; he thus came close to ...
Berthoud, Ferdinand: outstanding horologist and author of extensive treatises on timekeeping.
Bertillon, Alphonse: chief of criminal identification for the Paris police (from 1880) who developed an identification system known as anthropometry, or the Bertillon system, that came into wide use in France and ...
Bertillon, Jacques: French statistician and demographer whose application of quantitative methods to the analysis of a variety of social questions gave impetus to the increased use of statistics in the social sciences.
Bertinoro, Obadiah of: Italian rabbinic author whose commentary on the Mishnah (the codification of Jewish Oral Law), incorporating literal explanations from the medieval commentator Rashi and citing rulings from the philosopher Moses Maimonides, ...
Bertoia, Harry: Italian-born American sculptor and designer, best known for his monumental architectural sculptures and his classic Bertoia chair.
Bertoldo Di Giovanni: Italian Renaissance sculptor and medallist who was a student of Donatello and a teacher of Michelangelo.
Bertolucci, Attilio: Italian poet, literary critic, and translator. His verse is noted for its lyric accessibility, which was a departure from the Hermetic tradition.
Bertolucci, Bernardo: Italian film director best known for his film Last Tango in Paris (1972), the erotic content of which created an international sensation.
Bertran De Born: French soldier and celebrated medieval troubadour.
Bertrand, Henri-Gratien, Comte: (Count) French military engineer and general, friend of Napoleon I and his companion in exile, first at Elba (1814-15), then at St. Helena (1815-21). His diary is considered invaluable for ...
Bertrand, Joseph: French mathematician and educator remembered for his elegant applications of differential equations to analytical mechanics, particularly in thermodynamics, and for his work on statistical probability and the theory of curves ...
Bertrand, Louis: writer whose Gaspard de la nuit ("Gaspard of the Night") introduced the prose poem into French literature and was a source of inspiration to the Symbolist poets.
Bertrand, Marcel-Alexandre: French geologist who introduced the theory that certain mountains, in particular the Alps, were formed by folding of the Earth's crust.
Berulle, Pierre de: cardinal and statesman who founded the French Congregation of the Oratory, reforming clerical education in France.
Berwald, Franz: most important Swedish composer of the 19th century.
Berwick-upon-Tweed: town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Northumberland, England, in the northernmost portion of England.
Berwick-upon-Tweed, James Fitzjames, duke of, earl of Tinmouth, baron of Bosworth, duc de Fitz-James: English nobleman and marshal of France who was a leading military commander in the French service in the earlier wars of the 18th century.
Berwickshire: historic county, southeastern Scotland, on the North Sea. Berwickshire lies entirely within the Scottish Borders council area. The southern, lowland two-thirds of Berwickshire is called the Merse (March, or borderland) ...
Berwinski, Ryszard Wincenty: Polish poet, folklorist, and politician, best known for his Poezje (1844; "Poems"), which marked him as a poet of social radicalism.