king of Italy from 888 (as Berengar I) and Holy Roman emperor from 915. He was the founder of a line of princes of the 9th-11th century who in popular ...
Italian physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the heart valves. He also was one of the first to illustrate medical works with drawings from nature.
daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe I of Egypt. She was married to the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II Theos, supplanting his first wife, Laodice, whose children she persuaded him ...
eldest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt, sister of the great Cleopatra VII, and ruler of Egypt during her father's absence in 58-55. She was executed by him after ...
American educator and sportswoman who created and successfully promoted a form of women's basketball played in schools for nearly three-quarters of a century.
political leader in the struggle to preserve the political monopoly of the Protestant landowning aristocracy in Ireland. He was once called "king of Ireland" because of his great wealth and ...
British general and Portuguese marshal prominent in the (Iberian) Peninsular War of 1808-14. For his costly victory over the French at La Albuera, Spain, on May 16, 1811, he was ...
(June 28-30, 1651), military engagement in which the king of Poland, John Casimir (reigned 1648-68), inflicted a severe defeat upon the rebel Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
Italian-based manufacturer of sporting, military, and personal firearms, one of the world's oldest industrial enterprises. It has affiliates in France, Greece, and the United States. Headquarters are in Gardone Val ...
river in Belarus, a tributary of the Dnieper, which it joins near Rechitsa. Its 381-mile (613-kilometre) length drains 9,450 square miles (24,500 square km). Rising north of the Minsk Elevation, ...
city, Perm oblast (province), west-central Russia. It is situated on the left bank of the Kama River at the head of the Kama Reservoir. Huge local deposits of salt and ...
Austrian composer in the atonal style. He composed orchestral music (including Five Orchestral Songs, 1912), chamber music, songs, and two sensational operas, Wozzeck (1925) and Lulu (1937).
American actor, producer, and screenwriter whose immensely popular situation comedy about the Goldberg family ran in various radio, television, stage, and film versions between 1929 and 1953.
geographer and zoologist who established the foundations of limnology in Russia with his systematic studies on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of fresh waters, particularly of lakes. Important, too, ...
American biochemist whose development of recombinant-DNA techniques won him a share (with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980.
town, Izmir vilayet (province), western Turkey, 50 miles (80 km) north of the city of Izmir (Smyrna). It shares the site of ancient Pergamum (q.v.), of which there are extensive ...
any of several types of village floor coverings handwoven in the vicinity of Bergama, western Turkey, or brought there for market from the interior of the country. Although most Bergama ...
lusty 16th-century dance depicting the reputedly awkward manners of the inhabitants of Bergamo, in northern Italy, where the dance supposedly originated. It was performed as a circle courtship dance for ...
city, capital of Bergamo provincia, Lombardy (Lombardia) region, northern Italy, in the southern foothills of the Alps between the Brembo and Serio rivers, northeast of Milan. Originally the centre of ...
any of several North American perennial plants of the mint family, Lamiaceae (or Labiatae); their leaves are used as an herb. Monarda didyma, a variety native to the United States, ...
activist in the struggle to enhance Finnish-language institutions, and founder-director of the first stable Finnish-language theatre, the Finnish National Theatre. Bergbom, himself the author of a romantic tragedy, directed the ...
a nomadic people of mountainous central Namibia. They speak a Khoisan (click) language, but culturally they are more like the peoples of central and western Africa, though their origin is ...
city, port, and seat of Hordaland fylke (county), southwestern Norway. The principal port and business section is on a peninsula projecting into By Fjord, bounded on the ...
county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., bordered by New York state to the north and east, the Hudson River constituting the eastern boundary. Its topography consists of a hilly piedmont region ...
gemeente (commune), Noord-Brabant provincie, southwestern Netherlands, on the small Zoom River, near its canal junction with the East Scheldt (Oosterschelde) Channel. It was taken by the Normans in 880. Bergen ...
noted American ventriloquist and radio comedian whose career in vaudeville, radio, and motion pictures spanned almost 60 years. Bergen was best known as the foil of his ventriloquist's dummy Charlie ...
Nazi German concentration camp near the villages of Bergen and Belsen, about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Celle, Germany. It was established in 1943 on part of the site ...
town, Dordogne departement, Aquitaine region, southwestern France, on the Dordogne River, east of Bordeaux. It was intermittently held by the English from 1152 until ...
city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies just east-northeast of Cologne. Chartered in 1856, Bergisch Gladbach has a 12th-century Romanesque church (in the Paffrath district), ...
region, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany, along the east bank of the Rhine River, between the Sieg River south of Cologne and the Ruhr River near Duisburg, merging into ...
German chemist and corecipient, with Carl Bosch of Germany, of the 1931 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Bergius and Bosch were instrumental in developing the hydrogenation method necessary to convert coal ...
Swedish lyrical poet whose early pessimistic and deterministic view of life gave way to a militant humanism under the pressures of the political and social dangers of his time; his ...
Swedish film writer-director who achieved world fame with such films as Det sjunde inseglet (1956; The Seventh Seal); Smultronstallet (1957; Wild Strawberries); the trilogy Sasom i en spegel (1961; Through ...
one of the most popular motion-picture actresses in the United States from the 1940s until her death and an international star in Swedish, French, German, Italian, and British films. Her ...
in zoology, principle correlating external temperature and the ratio of body surface to weight in warm-blooded animals. Birds and mammals in cold regions have been observed to be bulkier than ...
German surgeon and author of a classic work on cranial surgery, Die Chirurgische Behandlung der Hirnkrankheiten (1888; "The Surgical Treatment of Brain Disorders").
(German: "mountain crevice"), a crevasse or series of crevasses often found near the head of a mountain glacier. The erosion of the rock beneath a bergschrund often results in a ...
major ore-producing region in central Sweden, lying northwest of Stockholm and extending from Lake Vanern (Sweden's largest lake) to the Gulf of Bothnia. It falls predominantly within the lan (counties) ...
French philosopher, the first to elaborate what came to be called a process philosophy, which rejected static values in favour of values of motion, change, and evolution. He was also ...
Swedish biochemist, corecipient with fellow Swede Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson and Englishman John Robert Vane of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. All three were honoured for their isolation, ...
nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin B1) and characterized by impairment of the nerves and heart. General symptoms include loss of appetite and overall lassitude, digestive irregularities, ...
submarine canyon in the Bering Sea, 250 miles (400 km) long, and possibly the longest such feature in the world. The canyon head is situated at the edge of the ...
northernmost part of the Pacific Ocean, separating the continents of Asia and North America. To the north the Bering Sea connects with the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait, at ...
dispute between the United States, on the one hand, and Great Britain and Canada, on the other, over the international status of the Bering Sea. In an attempt to control ...
strait linking the Arctic Ocean with the Bering Sea and separating the continents of Asia and North America at their closest point. The strait averages 98 to 164 ft (30 ...
Italian musician whose success as theorist, conductor, composer, and teacher placed him among the leading representatives of the musical avant-garde. His style is notable for combining lyric and expressive musical ...
city, Alameda county, west-central California, U.S. Located on the northeastern shore of San Francisco Bay, Berkeley is directly east of the Golden Gate and adjacent to Oakland (south).
county, southern South Carolina, U.S. It consists of a low-lying area on the Coastal Plain, with the suburbs of Charleston at its southern tip, and is bordered to the northeast ...
