| | - Bauta
- city, west-central Cuba. It is a commercial and manufacturing centre for the surrounding agricultural lands, known primarily for their tobacco and sugarcane, although pineapples and various other fruits and vegetables ...
- Bautista Gonzalez, Juan
- (from the article "Mercedarian") In 1602 a reform movement led by Juan Bautista Gonzalez resulted in the Discalced Mercedarians, whose rule was approved in 1606 by Pope Paul V. The anticlerical mood of the ...
- Bautista Saavedra, Juan
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...become the ruling party. Upon achieving political power, however, the new party immediately split into two warring sections based on a personality conflict between two Montes-style politicians-Juan Bautista Saavedra, a ...
- Bautzen
- city, Saxony Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies in the Oberlausitz (Upper Lusatia) region, on a granite elevation above the Spree River. Bautzen was originally the Slavic ...
- Bautzen, Peace of
- (from the article "Bautzen") ...eastern Germany. It lies in the Oberlausitz (Upper Lusatia) region, on a granite elevation above the Spree River. Bautzen was originally the Slavic settlement of Budissin (Budysin), and the Peace ...
- bauxite
- rock largely composed of a mixture of hydrous aluminum oxides. Bauxite is the principal ore of aluminum. [18 Related Articles]
- Bav
- (from the article "Ka'usiyeh dynasty") The origins and early history of the Ka'usiyeh branch are obscure. Its founder and the founder of the main dynasty was a certain Bav (ruled 665-680). The dynasty was centred ...
- Bavand Dynasty
- (665-1349), Iranian dynasty that ruled Tabaristan in what is now northern Iran. [1 Related Articles]
- Bavaria
- largest Land (state) of Germany, comprising the entire southeastern portion of the country. Bavaria is bounded to the north by the states of Thuringia and Saxony, to ... [31 Related Articles]
- Bavarian
- (from the article "Austria") Following the departure of the Langobardi to Italy (568), further development was determined by the Bavarians in a struggle with the Slavs, who were invading from the east, and by ...
- Bavarian
- (from the article "Germany") ...to the west and south of Stuttgart and as far east as Augsburg. Low Alemannic is spoken in Baden-Wurttemberg and Alsace, and High Alemannic is the dialect of German-speaking Switzerland. ...
- Bavarian Alps
- northeastern segment of the Central Alps along the German-Austrian border. The mountains extend east-northeastward for 70 miles (110 km) from the Lechtaler Alps to the bend of the Inn River ... [3 Related Articles]
- Bavarian cream
- custard enriched with whipped cream and solidified with gelatin. Bavarian creams can be flavoured with chocolate, coffee, fruits, and the like and are usually molded in fancy shapes and garnished ...
- Bavarian Forest
- mountain region in east-central Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. The Bavarian Forest occupies the highlands between the Danube River valley and the Bohemian Forest along Bavaria's eastern frontier with the ...
- Bavarian Forest National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...are the principal industries. The tourist trade is expanding as the reputation of the Bavarian Forest as a beautiful and uncrowded holiday resort area spreads. Each year many visitors explore ...
- Bavarian National Museum
- (from the article "Munich") ...Rubens, and Anthony Van Dyck. In addition to the Alte Pinakothek and the Glyptothek, there are the Neue (New) Pinakothek, which houses Munich's main collection of 19th- and 20th-century art; ...
- Bavarian State Library
- (from the article "Germany") Among Germany's great libraries are the Bavarian State Library in Munich (the largest), the library of the Prussian Cultural Property Foundation (formerly the Prussian State Library), and National Library in ...
- Bavarian State Picture Galleries
- in Munich, museum composed of several collections, the major ones being the Neue Pinakothek, the Alte Pinakothek, and the Schack Gallery. It also embraces, however, the State Gallery of Modern ...
- Bavarian Succession, War of the
- (1778-79), conflict in which Frederick II the Great of Prussia blocked an attempt by Joseph II of Austria to acquire Bavaria. [5 Related Articles]
- Bavarokratia
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...Otto was still a minor, the Great Powers determined that until he came of age the country was to be ruled by three Bavarian regents, while the army was to ...
- Bawag
- (from the article "Austria") ...Austrian People's Party (OVP), the senior partner in the outgoing ruling coalition. The SPO suffered a setback in March following a scandal that involved Austria's fourth largest bank, Bawag, which ...
- Bax, Sir Arnold
- British composer whose work is representative of the neoromantic trend in music that occurred between World Wars I and II.
- Baxter Peak
- (from the article "Piscataquis") ...one of the hundreds of lakes and ponds in the county, is the state's largest lake. Others are Chesuncook, Chamberlain, and Pemadumcook lakes. Mount Katahdin, located in Baxter State Park, ...
- Baxter State Park
- (from the article "Maine") ...the mainland; the first national park east of the Mississippi River, it is also one of the most visited in the national parks system. Other recreational attractions include the state's ...
- Baxter Theatre
- (from the article "Cape Town") The city is home to the Cape Town Philharmonic Orchestra and Artscape (formerly the Cape Performing Arts Board), based in the Nico opera house and theatre complex. The Baxter Theatre, ...
- Baxter, Andrew
- Scottish metaphysical rationalist who maintained the essential distinction between matter and spirit, resisting the more advanced British epistemology of his century.
- Baxter, Anne
- (from the article "1946: Best Supporting Actress") Other Nominees
- Baxter, George
- English engraver and printer who invented a process (patented 1835) of colour printing that made reproductions of paintings available on a mass scale.
- Baxter, James K.
- poet whose mastery of versification and striking imagery made him one of New Zealand's major modern poets. [1 Related Articles]
- Baxter, John
- (from the article "Baxter, George") He was the son of John Baxter (1781-1858), printer and publisher at Lewes, who issued the popular illustrated "Baxter" Bible. George Baxter went to London in 1827. There he supplied ...
- Baxter, Richard
- Puritan minister who influenced 17th-century English Protestantism. Known as a peacemaker who sought unity among the clashing Protestant denominations, he was the centre of nearly every major controversy in England ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baxter, Thomas
- (from the article "pottery") ...patterns were being employed at Derby and at an older Worcester factory, although much of the work of the latter was more restrained. Some of the best painting at the ...
- Baxter, Warner
- (from the article "1928/29: Best Actor") Other Nominees
- bay
- in architecture, any division of a building between vertical lines or planes, especially the entire space included between two adjacent supports; thus, the space between two columns, or pilasters, or ... [1 Related Articles]
- bay
- concavity of a coastline or reentrant of the sea, formed by the movements of either the sea or a lake. The difference between a bay and a gulf is not ... [3 Related Articles]
- Bay Area Rapid Transit
- (from the article "San Francisco") A much greater undertaking was the interurban rapid-transit system known as BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit), which began operating in 1972. With service between San Francisco and the East Bay ...
- Bay Bridge
- complex crossing that spans San Francisco Bay from the city of San Francisco to Oakland via Yerba Buena Island. One of the preeminent engineering feats of the 20th century, it ... [3 Related Articles]
- Bay City
- city, seat (1857) of Bay county, east-central Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Saginaw River near the river's outlet into Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), about 13 miles (21 km) north ...
- Bay Conservation and Development Commission
- (from the article "San Francisco") ...tide from about 700 square miles (1,800 square km) in 1880 to a mere 435 square miles (1,125 square km). More than half of the bay is still fillable, but ...
- Bay Islands
- group of small islands of northern Honduras. They have an area of 101 square miles (261 square km) and lie about 35 miles (56 km) offshore in the Caribbean Sea. ...
- bay leaf
- leaf of the sweet bay tree, Laurus nobilis, an evergreen of the family Lauraceae, indigenous to countries bordering the Mediterranean. A popular spice used in pickling and marinating and to ...
- Bay of Pigs invasion
- (April 17, 1961), abortive invasion of Cuba at the Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs), or Playa Giron (Giron Beach) to Cubans, on the southwestern coast by some 1,500 Cuban ... [7 Related Articles]
- Bay of Plenty
- regional council, eastern North Island, New Zealand. It encompasses the narrow 100-mile (160-km) stretch of lowlands fronting the Bay of Plenty and extends from Matakana Island eastward to Cape Runaway. ... [1 Related Articles]
- bay owl
- uncommon and atypical Asian owl classified with the barn owls (family Tytonidae). It has a heart-shaped facial disk, which has two earlike extensions that aid sound reception. The bay owl ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bay Psalm Book
- (1640), perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, ... [5 Related Articles]
- bay rum tree
- (from the article "Virgin Islands of the United States") Only 6 percent of the land is forest, but the government has planted large areas of St. Croix with mahogany and also has reforested parts of St. Thomas. A bay-tree ...
- Bay Saint Louis
- city, seat (1860) of Hancock county, southern Mississippi, U.S. It lies along Mississippi Sound (an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico) at the entrance to St. Louis Bay, 58 miles ...
- bay salt
- (from the article "halogen element") ...is brought to the surface. When the brine is evaporated, impurities separate first and can be removed. In warm climates salt is obtained by evaporation of shallow seawater by the ...
- bay tree
- any of several small trees with aromatic leaves, especially the sweet bay, or bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), source of the bay leaf (q.v.) used in cooking. The California laurel (q.v.; ... [3 Related Articles]
- bay window
- window formed as the exterior expression of a bay within a structure, a bay in this context being an interior recess made by the outward projection of a wall. The ...
- bay'ah, al-
- (from the article "Muhammad") ...sent 'Uthman to Mecca to negotiate a peaceful visit. When 'Uthman was delayed, Muhammad assembled his followers and had them make a pact of allegiance (al-bay'ah) to ...
- Bay, Josephine Holt Perfect
- American financier, the first woman to head a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange.
- Bay, Laguna de
- lake, the largest inland body of water in the Philippines, on Luzon just southeast of Manila. Probably a former arm or extension of Manila Bay cut off by volcanism, Laguna ...
- bay-head bar
- (from the article "sandbar") Bay-mouth bars may extend partially or entirely across the mouth of a bay; bay-head bars occur at the heads of bays, a short distance from shore.
- bay-mouth bar
- (from the article "sandbar") Bay-mouth bars may extend partially or entirely across the mouth of a bay; bay-head bars occur at the heads of bays, a short distance from shore.
- baya
- (from the article "tabla") The baya (bahina or bayan, meaning "left"), played with the left hand, is a deep kettledrum measuring about 25 cm (10 ...
- Bayajida
- (from the article "Daura") ...the Tuareg language, it was founded by a queen and was ruled by women in the 9th and 10th centuries. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people: a ...
- Bayamo
- city, eastern Cuba. Lying on the Bayamo River, it was founded as San Salvador de Bayamo in 1513. In colonial times it was one of Cuba's most important cities, and ...
- Bayamon
- town, northeastern Puerto Rico, part of the metropolitan area of San Juan (10 miles [16 km]) northeast) and the island's second most populous city. Puerto Rico's first settlement, Caparra, was ...
- Bayan
- powerful Mongol minister in the last years of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (1206-1368) of China. His anti-Chinese policies heightened discontent among the Chinese, especially the educated, and resulted in widespread ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bayan
- (from the article "Azali") The Azalis have retained the original teachings of the Bab's Bayan ("Revelation") and supplemented them with the instructions of Sobh-e Azal. Numerically they have remained considerably outnumbered by the Baha'is. ...
- Bayan Har Mountains
- (from the article "Tsinghai") ...high plateaus. In the north are the Ch'i-lien Mountains, which form the divide between the interior and exterior drainage systems of China. Through the south-central part of the province extend ...
- Bayar, Celal
- third president of the Turkish Republic (1950-60), who initiated etatism, or a state-directed economy, in Turkey in the 1930s and who after 1946, as the leader of the Democrat Party, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bayar, Sanjiyn
- (from the article "Mongolia") ...sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 2,609,000 | Capital: Ulaanbaatar | Chief of state: President Nambaryn Enhbayar | Head of government: Prime Ministers Miyeegombyn Enhboldand, from November 22, Sanjiyn ...
- Bayard Building
- (from the article "Sullivan, Louis") Greater plastic richness and a heightened subjectivity are apparent in Sullivan's work after 1895. His 12-story Bayard (now Condict) Building in New York City was embellished with molded terra-cotta and ...
- Bayard, James
- (from the article "Adams, John Quincy") ...September the Russian government suggested that the tsar was willing to act as mediator between the two belligerents. Madison precipitately accepted this proposition and sent Albert Gallatin and James Bayard ...
- Bayard, Pierre Terrail, seigneur de
- French soldier known as le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche ("the knight without fear and without reproach").
- Bayard, Thomas Francis
- American statesman, diplomat, and lawyer.
- Bayard-Alpert gauge
- (from the article "vacuum technology") Bayard-Alpert hot-filament ionization gauge. In this ionization gauge, the cross section of the collector is reduced to minimum to reduce the X-ray effect. This is achieved by inverting the gauge-that ...
- Bayati, Abdul Wahab al-
- Iraqi modernist poet who was a pioneer in the use of free verse rather than classical Arabic poetic forms; although al-Bayati spent a decade (1980-90) as Iraq's cultural attache to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baybars I
- most eminent of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt and Syria, which he ruled from 1260 to 1277. He is noted both for his military campaigns against Mongols and crusaders and ... [12 Related Articles]
- bayberry
- any of several aromatic shrubs and small trees of the genus Myrica in the bayberry family (Myricaceae), but especially M. pennsylvanica, also called candleberry, whose grayish waxy berries, upon boiling, ... [1 Related Articles]
- bayberry candle
- (from the article "bayberry") ...the genus Myrica in the bayberry family (Myricaceae), but especially M. pennsylvanica, also called candleberry, whose grayish waxy berries, upon boiling, yield the wax used in making bayberry candles. The ...
- Bayd, Ali Salim al-
- (from the article "Yemen") ...and many of his supporters dead, resulted in the exile of 'Ali Nasir Muhammad, and brought to power a group of moderate politicians and technocrats led by 'Ali Salim al-Bayd ...
- Bayda', Al-
- town, south-central Yemen. It is situated on a high plateau and, until the unification of the two Yemen states in 1990, was part of North Yemen (Sanaa), though it lay ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baydar, Oya
- (from the article "Literature") Fiction writers held sway-Oya Baydar with her Erguvan kapisi ("Judas-tree Gate"), a succes d'estime about love and ideology in Istanbul from Byzantine times to the present day; Ayse Kulin, whose ...
- Baydawi, al-
- (from the article "tafsir") ...until his time. It remains the most basic of all tafsirs. Subsequent commentaries of note include those by az-Zamakhshari (1075-1143), ar-Razi (1149-1209), al-Baydawi (d. 1280), and as-Suyuti (1445-1505). Commentaries continue ...
- Baydu
- (from the article "Ghazan, Mahmud") ...and then against his own lieutenant Nawruz, who had risen in revolt with the Chagatai. Ghazan's relations with Arghun's successor, Gaykhatu (1291-95), were cool; those with Baydu, the latter's cousin, ...
- Bayer AG
- German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825-80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821-76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally ... [4 Related Articles]
- Bayer process
- (from the article "alumina") ...alumina is still produced by melting bauxite in an electric furnace, in a process devised for the abrasives industry early in the 20th century, but most is now extracted from ...
- Bayer, Friedrich
- German businessman who founded the chemical firm that became the world-famous Bayer AG (q.v.).
- Bayer, Gottlieb Siegfried
- (from the article "Rus") The Viking, or "Normanist," theory was initiated in the 18th century by such German historian-philologists as Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694-1738) and August Ludwig von Schlozer (1735-1809); Bayer was an early ...
- Bayer, Herbert
- German-American graphic artist, painter, and architect, influential in spreading European principles of advertising in the United States. [2 Related Articles]
- Bayer, Johann
- German astronomer whose book Uranometria (1603) promulgated a system of identifying all stars visible to the naked eye. [1 Related Articles]
- Bayer, Johann Christoph
- (from the article "Royal Copenhagen porcelain") ...numbered 1,802 items. These include minor objects, such as eggcups, as well as impressive tureens, dishes, and plates. The service was intended as a display of every wild plant in ...
- Bayer, Karl Joseph
- (from the article "aluminum processing") ...apparently failed to grasp the significance of the process. He continued work on a second successful process that produced an aluminum-copper alloy. Conveniently, in 1888, an Austrian chemist, Karl Joseph ...
- Bayer, Otto
- (from the article "industrial polymers, major") During the late 1930s Otto Bayer, manager of the IG Farben laboratories in Leverkusen, Ger., prepared many polyurethanes by condensation reaction of dihydric alcohols such as 1,4-butanediol with difunctional diisocyanates. ...
- Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
- German automaker noted for quality sports sedans and motorcycles. Headquarters are in Munich. [5 Related Articles]
- Bayerisches Staatsballett
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...Mermaid-based on the story by Hans Christian Andersen and originally made for the Royal Danish Ballet. Neumeier also made a new work based on J.S. Bach's Christmas Oratorio. The Bayerisches ...
- Bayern Munich
- (from the article "Matthaus, Lothar") Matthaus made his professional debut for Borussia Monchengladbach in 1979 and his international debut only a year later. In 1984 he moved to Bayern Munich for the first of two ...
- Bayes's theorem
- in probability theory, a means for revising predictions in light of relevant evidence, also known as conditional probability or inverse probability. The theorem was discovered among the papers of the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Bayes, Nora
- American singer in vogue in the early 1900s in musical revues, notably the Ziegfeld Follies.
- Bayes, Thomas
- English Nonconformist theologian and mathematician who was the first to use probability inductively and who established a mathematical basis for probability inference (a means of calculating, from the frequency with ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bayesian estimation
- (from the article "statistics") The methods of statistical inference previously described are often referred to as classical methods. Bayesian methods (so called after the English mathematician Thomas Bayes) provide alternatives that allow one to ...
- Bayeu, Francisco
- painter, the brother-in-law of Francisco de Goya and court painter to King Charles III of Spain. Considered by his contemporaries to be the finest Spanish painter of the period, he ...
- Bayeux
- town, Calvados departement, Basse-Normandie region, northwestern France, on the Aure River, northwest of Caen. As Bajocasses, it was a capital of the Gauls, then, as Augustodurum and, later, Civitas Baiocassium, ...
- Bayeux Cathedral
- (from the article "Bayeux") A bypass encloses the town, which is in part modern and in part medieval, with half-timbered houses and cobbled streets. Its Gothic cathedral, mainly 13th century, has an 11th- century ...
- Bayeux Tapestry
- medieval embroidery depicting the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, remarkable as a work of art and important as a source for 11th-century history. [9 Related Articles]
- Bayezid Cami
- (from the article "Edirne") ...on 4 sides. The mosque forms an architectural whole, with adjacent complementary buildings, school, library, and theological college, now housing archaeological and ethnographic museums. The Bayezid Cami (Mosque of Bayezid), ...
- Bayezid I
- Ottoman sultan in 1389-1402 who founded the first centralized Ottoman state based on traditional Turkish and Muslim institutions and who stressed the need to extend Ottoman dominion in Anatolia. [12 Related Articles]
- Bayezid II
- Ottoman sultan (1481-1512) who consolidated Ottoman rule in the Balkans, Anatolia, and the eastern Mediterranean and successfully opposed the Safavid dynasty of Persia. [3 Related Articles]
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