| | - Basta, George
- (from the article "Hungary") ...played an important part when war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Turks broke out again in 1591. In the Fifteen Years' War, imperial troops entered Transylvania, and their ...
- Bastable, Charles
- (from the article "government budget") Writing in 1890, the Irish economist Charles Bastable observed that "in nearly all modern States outlay is steadily increasing," and "the older doctrines of economy and frugality have disappeared." He ...
- Bastam
- small historic town, northern Iran. It lies just south of the Elburz Mountains in a well-watered plain. Clustered around the tomb of the poet and mystic Abu Yazid al-Bistami (d. ... [1 Related Articles]
- bastard feudalism
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...a further dimension. Because of the crown's failure to control these disputes, they acquired national significance. Attempts have been made to link these civil conflicts to what is known as ...
- bastard toadflax
- any of several small annual or perennial herbs of the sandalwood family (Santalaceae) that have narrow leaves resembling those of true toadflax (Linaria). In North America, bastard toadflax refers to ...
- Bastarnae
- in Hellenistic and Roman times, large tribe settled in Europe east of the Carpathian Mountains from the upper valley of the Dniester River to the Danube River delta. The Bastarnae ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baster
- (from baster, "bastard," or "half-breed"), member of an ethnically mixed group in Namibia and northwestern South Africa, most of whom are descendants of 17th- and 18th-century Dutch ... [6 Related Articles]
- Bastet
- ancient Egyptian goddess worshipped in the form of a lioness and later a cat. The daughter of Re, the sun god, Bastet was an ancient deity whose ferocious nature was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bastetani
- (from the article "Iberian") Of the Iberian tribes mentioned by classical authors, the Bastetani were territorially the most important and occupied the Almeria region and mountainous Granada region. The tribes to the west of ...
- Basti
- city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies east of Faizabad on the Kuwana River. Located on a national highway and a major rail line, it is an agricultural ...
- Bastia
- city, capital of Haute-Corse departement, Corse region, France. It lies on the northeastern coast of Corsica, 22 miles (35 km) south of the island's northernmost point, the tip of Cape ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bastian, Adolf
- ethnologist who theorized that there is a general psychic unity of humankind that is responsible for certain elementary ideas common to all peoples. Bastian proposed that cultural traits, folklore, myths, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bastiat, Frederic
- French economist, best known for his journalistic writing in favour of free trade and the economics of Adam Smith. [1 Related Articles]
- Bastidas, Rodrigo de
- (from the article "Central America") Rodrigo de Bastidas was first to establish Spain's claim to the isthmus, sailing along the Darien coast in March 1501, but he made no settlement. A year later Christopher Columbus, ...
- bastide
- type of village or town built largely in the 13th and 14th centuries in England and Gascony and laid out according to a definite geometric plan. It is thought by ...
- Bastien-Lepage, Jules
- French painter of rustic outdoor genre scenes widely imitated in France and England.
- Bastille
- medieval fortress on the east side of Paris that became, in the 17th and 18th centuries, a French state prison and a place of detention for important persons charged with ... [3 Related Articles]
- Bastille Day
- in France and its overseas departements and territories, holiday marking the anniversary of the fall on July 14, 1789, of the Bastille in Paris. Originally built as ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bastille Opera
- (from the article "Barenboim, Daniel") ...several cities in Europe, Israel, and the United States. He served as music director of the Orchestre de Paris from 1975 to 1989. In 1987 he signed to become musical ...
- Bastille, Place de la
- (from the article "Paris") The road off the upper end of the Ile Saint-Louis leads to the Place de la Bastille on the Right Bank. From the river to the place ...
- bastinado
- (from the article "flogging") ...with wire-the wires often being hooked and sharpened so that they tore the flesh-was even more painful and deadly. A particularly painful, though not so deadly, type of flogging was ...
- Bastion
- (from the article "Nanaimo") ...tourism. The federal government maintains a fisheries and oceanographic research station at the north edge of the city. Historic features are Petroglyph Park, with its ancient rock carvings, and the ...
- bastioned trace
- (from the article "military technology") The sunken profile was only half the story of early modern fortress design; the other half was the trace, the outline of the fortress as viewed from above. The new ...
- bastnaesite
- a cerium fluoride carbonate, CeCO3(OH,F), found in contact metamorphic zones and pegmatites; cerium is commonly substituted by light rare earths, lanthanum, yttrium, and thorium. It ranges in colour from wax-yellow ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bastrop
- city, Morehouse parish, northeastern Louisiana, U.S., 24 miles (38 km) northeast of Monroe. Settlement of the area began after a Dutch nobleman, Baron de Bastrop, was given a large land ...
- Bastwick, John
- English religious zealot who, in the reign of Charles I, opposed the liturgical and ecclesial reforms introduced by Archbishop William Laud into the Church of England, reforms that Bastwick believed ...
- Basuto
- (from the article "Sotho") ...Africa. The main groups are customarily classified as the Transvaal, or northern, Sotho (Pedi, Lovedu, and others); the western Sotho, or Tswana (q.v.); and the southern Sotho (often called Basuto) ...
- bat
- any member of the only group of mammals capable of flight. This ability, coupled with the ability to navigate at night by using a system of acoustic orientation (echolocation), has ... [23 Related Articles]
- bat
- (from the article "measurement system") The volumes of the several Hebrew standards of liquid measure are not definitely known; the bat may have contained about 37 litres (nearly 10 U.S. gallons); if ...
- BAT
- (from the article "Holocene Epoch") A further eustatic rise (of about 10-12 metres) ensued around 7750 BP, corresponding to a warming of the climate marked by the growth of oak forests in western Europe (the ...
- bat bug
- any of about 20 species of bloodsucking insects (order Heteroptera) that are external parasites found mainly in the fur of tropical bats. The adult (between 3.5 and 5 mm [0.14 ... [1 Related Articles]
- bat falcon
- (from the article "falcon") The bat falcon (F. albigularis) of Mexico and Central and South America is a little bird with a dark back, white throat, barred black-and-white breast, and reddish belly. It preys ...
- bat flower
- (from the article "angiosperm") ...their food source. Flowers (e.g., Fuchsia) pollinated by birds produce copious quantities of nectar but little or no odour because birds have a very poor sense of smell. Flowers pollinated ...
- bat fly
- any insect belonging to the two families Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (order Diptera). Members of the family Nycteribiidae are wingless, spiderlike insects with long legs and a small head that folds ...
- Bat Mitzvah
- (from the article "Bar Mitzvah") ...restored Bar Mitzvah, delaying confirmation until the age of 15 or 16. Numerous Conservative and Reform congregations have instituted a separate ceremony to mark the adulthood of girls, called Bat ...
- bat parrolet
- (from the article "parakeet") ...(family Psittacidae) and has influenced another parrot name, lorikeet (see parrot). To indicate size only, the name is sometimes extended to little parrots with short, blunt tails, as the hanging ...
- bat stingray
- (from the article "stingray") ...disk. Notable members of this family include the spotted duckbilled ray (Aetobatus narinari), a large Atlantic and Pacific species that can cause deep wounds with its tail spines, and the ...
- Bat Yam
- city, west-central Israel, on the Plain of Sharon and the Mediterranean coast just south of Tel Aviv-Yafo. Founded in 1926 as a suburban development called Bayit ve-Gan (Hebrew: "House and ...
- bat-eared fox
- (species Otocyon megalotis), large-eared fox, belonging to the dog family (Canidae), found in open, arid areas of eastern and southern Africa. It has 48 teeth, 6 more than any other ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bata
- port, northwestern Equatorial Guinea, West Africa, lying on the Gulf of Guinea 18 miles (29 km) north of the Rio Mbini. One of the deepest seaports in the region, Bata ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bata, Thomas John
- Czech-born shoe manufacturer presided over the shoe company that was founded in 1894 by his father, Tomas Bata; he took control a few years after the latter's death in a ...
- Bataan Death March
- forced march of 90,000 to 100,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Philippines in the early stages of World War II. Starting out from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bataan Peninsula
- peninsula in central Luzon, Philippines, sheltering Manila Bay (east) from the South China Sea. It is about 30 miles (50 km) long and 15 miles (25 km) wide. Corregidor Island ... [2 Related Articles]
- Batabano, Gulf of
- inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting southwestern Cuba. The gulf stretches from the shore of eastern Pinar del Rio province approximately 80 miles (130 km) to the southwestern coast of ...
- Bataceae
- (from the article "Brassicales") Bataceae, Salvadoraceae, and Koeberliniaceae have in common ultrastructural features, the same base chromosome number, and flowers that lack a nectary and have only two carpels. They, and many other Brassicales, ...
- Batache
- (from the article "Nupe") ...speak a language of the Nupoid group in the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Nupe are organized into a number of closely related territorial groups, of which ...
- Bataille, Georges
- French librarian and writer whose essays, novels, and poetry expressed his fascination with eroticism, mysticism, and the irrational. He viewed excess as a way to gain personal "sovereignty."
- Bataille, Henry
- French dramatist whose luxuriant plays of passionate love and stifling social conventions were extremely popular at the beginning of the 20th century.
- Bataille, Nicolas
- (from the article "tapestry") ...produced by Parisian weavers. The outstanding example of their art is the famous Angers Apocalypse (Musee des Tapisseries, Angers, France), which was begun in 1377 for the Duke of Anjou ...
- Batak
- several closely related ethnic groups of central Sumatra, Indonesia. They possess a written language, consisting of several diverse dialects, belonging to the Austronesian family. The Batak are descendants of a ... [3 Related Articles]
- Batak Plateau
- (from the article "Sumatera Utara") The central Batak Plateau of the Barisan Mountains, running northwest-southeast, covers about two-thirds of the province. It is surmounted by both active and extinct volcanic cones, including Mount Sinabung (8,041 ...
- Batak Protestant Christian Church
- church in northern Sumatra, Indon., organized as an independent church in 1930 and constituting the largest Lutheran church in Asia. It developed from the work of missionaries of the Rhenish ... [1 Related Articles]
- Batala
- city, Punjab state, northwestern India. Located northeast of Amritsar, Batala is an agricultural marketplace and industrial centre. Cotton ginning, weaving, sugar refining, and manufacturing are the principal industries. Batala has ...
- Batalha
- town, west-central Portugal, just south of Leiria city. The town is dominated by the great Dominican abbey of Santa Maria da Vitoria, also known simply as Batalha ("Battle"). In the ...
- Batan Islands
- chain of 14 islands in the Philippines, about 190 miles (310 km) north of Luzon in the Luzon Strait. The Bashi (north) and Balintang (south) channels separate the group from ...
- Batangas
- city, southern Luzon, Philippines. It lies in a small plain on the west bank of the Calumpang River about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the coast of Batangas Bay, which ...
- Batasuna
- (from the article "Spain") ...confidence remained intact, despite the lack of tangible progress in preliminary talks over the content and format of the "peace process." Progress was blocked by the refusal of Batasuna, ETA's ...
- Batata
- Colombian master drummer, singer, and composer (b. 1929, San Basilio de Palenque, Colom.-d. Jan. 24, 2004, Bogota, Colom.), was the leading figure in Afro-Colombian music. Batata hailed from a city ...
- Batavi
- ancient Germanic tribe from whom Batavia, a poetic name for The Netherlands, is derived. The Batavi inhabited what is now the Betuwe district of The Netherlands, around Lugdunum Batavorum (Leiden), ... [2 Related Articles]
- Batavia
- city, seat (1802) of Genesee county, northwestern New York, U.S. It lies along Tonawanda Creek, midway between Buffalo (west) and Rochester (northeast). Batavia is a distribution point and trade centre ...
- Batavia, Statutes of
- (from the article "Maetsuyker, Joan") A lawyer practicing in Amsterdam, Maetsuyker was hired by the company as a legal expert and in 1636 was sent to Batavia, where he served on the Council of Justice. ...
- Batavian Commonwealth
- (from the article "Batavian Republic") ...government patterned after that of the Directory in France and was bound to France by alliance. In March 1805 Napoleon changed the system of government once more: the Batavian Republic ...
- Batavian Republic
- republic of the Netherlands, established after it was conquered by the French during the campaign of 1794-95. Formalized in a constitution of 1798, it possessed a centralized government patterned after ... [4 Related Articles]
- Batavian ware
- (from the article "pottery") Sometimes panels were reserved in white and painted in overglaze colours. Specimens thus glazed appear in the old Dutch catalogues as Batavian ware, because the wares were imported via the ...
- Bataysk
- city, Rostov oblast (province), southwestern Russia, just south of Rostov-na-Donu. It is a transport centre in the northern Caucasus and a main rail junction, with railway shops and freight yards: ...
- batch extractor
- (from the article "fat and oil processing") Solvent extraction was first practiced in Europe, using batch extractors for the recovery of additional oil from the residues obtained from mechanical pressing. The greater efficiency of solvent extraction encouraged ...
- batch freezing
- (from the article "dairy product") The next step, freezing the mix, is accomplished by one of two methods: continuous freezing, which uses a steady flow of mix, or batch freezing, which makes a single quantity ...
- batch furnace
- (from the article "traditional ceramics") ...decompose and burn off any organic binders used in forming, and to achieve consolidation of the ware. Batches of specialty products, produced in smaller volumes, are cycled up and down ...
- batch mixer
- (from the article "baking") The horizontal dough mixers used for yeast-leavened products may be used for mixing chemically leavened doughs and batters. Mixers may be the batch type, similar in configuration to the household ...
- batch oven
- (from the article "frozen prepared food") Batch-type ovens are ideally suited to cooking under vacuum. In vacuum cooking, meats are cooked at reduced pressure and temperature. In one vacuum technique, known as sous-vide cooking, foods are ...
- batch processing
- (from the article "computer") ...Meanwhile, computer pioneer J.C.R. Licklider at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) began to promote the idea of interactive computing as an alternative to batch processing. Batch processing was the ...
- batch refining
- (from the article "fat and oil processing") ...solution of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) or soda ash (sodium carbonate). The refining may be done in a tank (in which case it is called batch or tank refining) or ...
- batch system
- (from the article "tool and die making") ...of interchangeable parts and the development of machine tools, both in the 19th century, brought the modern machine shop into being. Then, as now, the independent machine shop was called ...
- Batchelder, Marjorie
- (from the article "puppetry") ...founded as a result. Today the rod puppet is the usual type of figure in the large state-supported puppet theatres of eastern Europe. In a similar movement in the United ...
- Batchelor, Joy
- (from the article "Halas, John; and Batchelor, Joy") Halas was educated in Hungary and Paris and apprenticed to George Pal; he moved to England as an animator in 1936. After art school Batchelor became a commercial artist and ...
- batching
- (from the article "traditional ceramics") The calculation of amounts, weighing, and initial blending of raw materials prior to forming operations is known as batching. Batching has always constituted much of the art of the ceramic ...
- Batdambang
- town, western Cambodia. It is the second largest urban area in Cambodia and lies along the Sangke River northwest of Phnom Penh, the national capital. From 1794 to 1904 and ...
- Bate, W. Jackson
- American author and literary biographer known for his studies of the English writers John Keats and Samuel Johnson.
- bateba
- (from the article "African religions") ..."fetishes," for example, are thought to give substance to invisible spiritual intermediaries. The Lobi of Burkina Faso carve such figures, which they call bateba. Once activated, the ...
- Bateke Plateau
- (from the article "Congo") ...plateaus about 1,600 feet above sea level, separated by the deeply eroded valleys of tributaries of the Congo River. The Bembe Plateau lies between the Niari valley and the Chaillu ...
- bateleur
- (species Terathopius ecaudatus), small eagle of Africa and Arabia, belonging to the subfamily Circaetinae (serpent eagles) of the family Accipitridae. The name bateleur (French: "tumbler") comes from the birds' distinctive ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bateman, Ellen
- (from the article "Bateman, H L") Bateman made his stage debut in 1832 and acted in various repertory companies until 1849. Then he, his wife, Sidney Frances, and his two eldest daughters, Kate and Ellen, aged ...
- Bateman, H L
- actor and theatrical manager who made a great success touring the United States and England with two of his daughters, both child actresses.
- Bateman, H M
- cartoonist known for narrative cartoons and cartoons of situations involving social gaffes. [1 Related Articles]
- Bateman, Hester
- silversmith noted particularly for her domestic silver of elegant simplicity.
- Bateman, Kate
- (from the article "Bateman, H L") Bateman made his stage debut in 1832 and acted in various repertory companies until 1849. Then he, his wife, Sidney Frances, and his two eldest daughters, Kate and Ellen, aged ...
- Bateman, Sidney Frances
- (from the article "Bateman, H L") Bateman made his stage debut in 1832 and acted in various repertory companies until 1849. Then he, his wife, Sidney Frances, and his two eldest daughters, Kate and Ellen, aged ...
- Batemans Bay
- coastal town and inlet of the Tasman Sea, southeastern New South Wales, Australia. The inlet, an estuary of the Clyde River, measures 4 by 5 miles (6 by 8 km). ...
- Bates College
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Lewiston, Maine, U.S. It is a liberal arts college that offers bachelor's degree programs in literature, languages, social sciences, life and physical sciences, ...
- Bates's pygmy antelope
- (from the article "royal antelope") ...is distinguished by short, spikelike horns. Despite its size, the royal antelope is reputedly able to jump about 2.8 m (9 feet) at a bound. A slightly larger relative, Bates's ...
- Bates, Clayton
- American tap dancer who, despite having lost a leg in an accident when he was 12 years old, enjoyed a performing career that lasted some seven decades and saw him ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bates, Daisy
- (from the article "Australian literature") ...century, the era of bushranging, convictism, and exploration was far enough in the past to be regarded as historical colour. It also was fully expected that the Aboriginal would also ...
- Bates, Daisy Gatson
- American journalist and civil rights activist who withstood economic, legal, and physical intimidation to champion racial equality, most notably in the integration of public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. [1 Related Articles]
- Bates, Edward
- lawyer and Whig politician who joined the Republican Party before the U.S. Civil War and served as Abraham Lincoln's attorney general.
- Bates, Frederick
- (from the article "Lewis, Meriwether") ...family business-delayed Lewis from assuming his post until March 1808. Trying to govern the territory from the East proved impractical, and Lewis's absence empowered the territorial secretary, Frederick Bates, who ...
- Bates, H W
- naturalist and explorer whose demonstration of the operation of natural selection in animal mimicry (the imitation by a species of other life forms or inanimate objects published in 1861, gave ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bates, H.E.
- novelist and short-story writer of high reputation and wide popularity.
- Bates, John
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...than the unmarried queen. Land and duties from customs were the major sources of royal revenue, and it was James's good fortune that the latter increased dramatically after the judges ...
- Bates, Katharine Lee
- author and educator who wrote the text of the national hymn "America the Beautiful."
- Bates, Kathy
- American actress of stage, screen, and television, especially known for her portrayals of strong women who act against the social milieu. She won an Academy Award for best actress for ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bates, Marston
- American zoologist whose studies of mosquitoes in the 1930s and '40s contributed greatly to the epidemiology of yellow fever in northern South America.
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