| | - Barwani
- city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, west-central India. It is situated just south of the Narmada River, about 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Indore. A trade centre for agricultural produce ...
- Barwick, Sir Garfield Edward John
- Australian barrister who was highly regarded for his service to the Australian government as attorney general, foreign minister, and chief justice of the High Court but whose reputation was clouded ...
- Bary, Heinrich Anton de
- German botanist whose researches into the roles of fungi and other agents in causing plant diseases earned him distinction as a founder of modern mycology and plant pathology.
- barycentre
- (from the article "Moon") Although the Moon is commonly described as orbiting Earth, it is more accurate to say that the two bodies orbit each other about a common centre of mass. Called the ...
- Barycentric Dynamical Time
- (from the article "dynamical time") Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) is a dynamical timescale whose use the IAU permits where necessary for user convenience. TDB differs from TT only by periodic terms related to the Earth's ...
- Barye, Antoine-Louis
- prolific French sculptor, painter, and printmaker, whose subject was primarily animals. He is known as the father of the modern Animalier school. [1 Related Articles]
- Baryka, Piotr
- (from the article "Polish literature") ...komedia rybaltowska ("ribald comedies"). These were generally popular satiric comedies and broad farces written mainly by playwrights of plebeian birth. Piotr Baryka is one of the few of these playwrights ...
- Barylambda
- extinct genus of unusual and aberrant mammals found as fossils in deposits in North America in the Late Paleocene Epoch (63.6 to 57.8 million years ago). Barylambda was a relatively ...
- baryon
- any member of one of two classes of hadrons (particles built from quarks and thus experiencing the strong nuclear force). Baryons are heavy subatomic particles that are made up of ... [8 Related Articles]
- baryon conservation, law of
- (from the article "subatomic particle") The empirical law of baryon conservation states that in any reaction the total number of baryons must remain constant. If any baryons are created, then so must be an equal ...
- baryon number
- (from the article "baryon") Baryons are characterized by a baryon number, B, of 1. Their antiparticles, called antibaryons, have a baryon number of −1. An atom containing, for example, one proton and one neutron ...
- Baryshnikov, Mikhail
- Soviet-born American ballet dancer who was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and '80s. He subsequently became a noted dance director. [3 Related Articles]
- baryton
- bowed, stringed musical instrument that enjoyed a certain vogue in the 18th century. It was related to the viol family, was about the size of a cello, and had six ...
- Barzani, Mustafa al-
- Kurdish military leader who for 50 years strove to create an independent nation for the millions of Kurds living on the borders of Iran, Iraq, and the Soviet Union. [1 Related Articles]
- Barzaz Breiz
- collection of folk songs and ballads purported to be survivals from ancient Breton folklore. The collection was made, supposedly from the oral literature of Breton peasants, by Theodore Hersart de ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barzel, Hillel
- (from the article "Literature") ...works were dedicated to modern Hebrew poetry. Hannan Hever studied aesthetics and politics in Uri Zvi Greenberg's poetry (Moledet hamavet yafa; "Beautiful Motherland of Death"); Hillel Barzel examined prophetic expressionism ...
- Barzizza, Gasparino da
- early Italian humanist teacher noted for his ability to convey Classical civilization to the Italy of his day. [1 Related Articles]
- Barzun, Jacques
- French-born American teacher, historian, and author who influenced higher education in the United States by his insistence that undergraduates avoid early specialization and instead be given broad instruction in the ...
- Bas Poitou
- (from the article "Poitou") Physiographically, Poitou consists of two smaller regions, Haut (High) Poitou at the southern end of the Massif Armoricain and Bas (Low) Poitou about the periphery. The Vendee is a northern ...
- Bas v. Tingy
- (from the article "Moore, Alfred") Moore's only opinion, Bas v. Tingy (1800), in which the court held that a "limited, partial war" existed with France, was welcomed by Federalists but criticized by Republicans. Moore retired ...
- Bas, Hernan
- (from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") ...artists soared above their high estimates to establish new personal auction records in 2006. Dionysus Bestowing Midas His Touch (2005), a gothic-inflected panel by Miami-based painter Hernan Bas, fetched $168,000, ...
- Basa
- (from the article "Liberia") ...use Arabic and English; the Kpelle, the largest Mande group, who are also found in Guinea; Loma (also found in Guinea); Ngbandi; Dan (Gio); Mano; Mende; and Malinke. Kwa-speaking peoples ...
- basal cell carcinoma
- (from the article "epithelioma") ...structures of the body. Epitheliomas can be benign or malignant (that is, cancerous), and there are various types depending on the kinds of epithelial cells affected. Common epitheliomas include basal ...
- basal ganglion
- (from the article "nervous system, human") Deep within the cerebral hemispheres, large gray masses of nerve cells, called nuclei, form components of the basal ganglia. Four basal ganglia can be distinguished: (1) the caudate nucleus, (2) ...
- basal layer
- (from the article "epidermis") in zoology, protective outermost portion of the skin. There are two layers of epidermis, the living basal layer, which is next to the dermis, and the external stratum corneum, or ...
- basal metabolic rate
- index of the general level of activity of an individual's body metabolism, determined by measuring his oxygen intake in the basal state-i.e., during absolute rest, but not sleep, 14 to ... [6 Related Articles]
- basal placentation
- (from the article "placenta") ...along the inner ovary walls; axile, with carpels folded inward and the ovules along the central axis of the ovary; free central, derived from the axile, with a central column ...
- basal sliding
- (from the article "glacial landform") ...of the basal ice is an important influence upon a glacier's ability to erode its bed. When basal temperatures are below the pressure-melting point, the ability of the ice mass ...
- basal till
- (from the article "glacial landform") ...as ablation till. In many cases, the material located between a moving glacier and its bedrock bed is severely sheared, compressed, and "over-compacted." This type of deposit is called lodgment ...
- Basaldella, Mirko
- (from the article "Western sculpture") After World War II there was a flood of public memorial sculpture, and in Europe especially many of the commissions were carried out by modern sculptors. A striking war memorial ...
- basalt
- extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock that is low in silica content, dark in colour, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium. [27 Related Articles]
- basaltes ware
- hard black vitreous stoneware, named after the volcanic rock basalt and manufactured by Josiah Wedgwood at Etruria, Staffordshire, Eng., from about 1768. Wedgwood's black basaltes ware was an improvement on ... [4 Related Articles]
- basaltic lava
- (from the article "lava") Mafic (ferromagnesian, dark-coloured) lavas such as basalt characteristically form flows known by the Hawaiian names pahoehoe and aa (or a'a). Pahoehoe lava flows are characterized by smooth, gently undulating, or ...
- basaltic magma
- (from the article "igneous rock") Basaltic magmas that form the oceanic crust of the Earth are generated in the asthenosphere at a depth of about 70 kilometres. The mantle rocks located at depths from about ...
- Basanavicius, Jonas
- physician, folklorist, and a leader of the Lithuanian national movement.
- basanite
- extrusive igneous rock that contains calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar (usually labradorite or bytownite), feldspathoid (usually nepheline or leucite), olivine, and pyroxene (titanaugite). Basanite grades into tephrite, which contains no olivine.
- Basarab I
- (from the article "Walachia") ...who crossed the Transylvanian Alps and settled at Campulung. The new principality was initially dominated by Hungary, from whose feudal domination and proselytism the Orthodox Vlachs had fled. Basarab I ...
- Basarab, Matthew
- enlightened prince of Walachia (in present Romania) whose reign (1632-54) was marked by cultural development and advances in government. [1 Related Articles]
- Basasiri, Arslan al-Muzaffar al-
- Islamic military leader.
- Basava
- Hindu religious reformer, teacher, theologian, and administrator of the royal treasury of the Calukya king Bijjala I (reigned 1156-67). Basava is the subject of the Basava-Purana, one ... [3 Related Articles]
- Basavan
- an outstanding Mughal painter, renowned as a superb colourist and as a sensitive observer of human nature. His name indicates that he may have been a member of the Ahir, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Basayev, Shamil
- Chechen separatist, guerrilla leader, and terrorist (b. Jan. 14, 1965, near Vedeno, Chechen-Ingush A.S.S.R., U.S.S.R. [now in Chechnya, Russia]-d. July 10, 2006, Ekazhevo, Ingushetia, Russia), built a reputation for violent ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bascom, Florence
- educator and geological survey scientist who is considered to be the first American woman geologist.
- Bascom, William R.
- American anthropologist who was one of the first to do extensive fieldwork in West Africa. He served as chairman (1956-57) of the anthropology department and acting director of African studies ...
- bascule bridge
- (from the article "movable bridge") either a drawbridge, a vertical-lift bridge, a transporter bridge, or a swing (pivot) bridge. The drawbridge, or bascule, is the best known; it may be single- or double-leafed. It originated ...
- base
- (from the article "order") ...is the stylobate; this is a continuous flat pavement on which a row of columns is supported. Rising out of the stylobate is the plinth, a square or circular block ...
- base
- (from the article "nucleic acid") ...of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group. Each nucleic acid contains four of five possible nitrogen-containing bases: ...
- base
- (from the article "semiconductor device") ...4B, can be considered as a section of the device along the dashed lines in Figure 4A. The heavily doped p+ region is called the emitter, the narrow central n ...
- base
- in mathematics, an arbitrarily chosen whole number greater than 1 in terms of which any number can be expressed as a sum of that base raised to various powers. See ... [1 Related Articles]
- base
- (from the article "baseball") ...to take the pitcher's turn at bat) 10 players each. The field of play is divided into the infield and the outfield. Within the infield is a square area called ...
- base
- in chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to ... [6 Related Articles]
- base community
- (from the article "liberation theology") ...America was fundamentally different from the church in Europe-i.e., that the church in Latin America was a church for and of the poor. In order to build this church, they ...
- base course
- (from the article "roads and highways") ...the wearing course directly supports the vehicle, provides a surface of sufficient smoothness and traction, and protects the base course and natural formation from excessive amounts of water. The base ...
- base flow
- (from the article "runoff") ...the main groundwater level) and eventually empties into the channel. Runoff also includes groundwater that is discharged into a stream; streamflow that is composed entirely of groundwater is termed base ...
- base metal
- (from the article "automotive ceramics") Catalysts are either platinum-group metals or base metals such as chromium, nickel, and copper. In base-metal catalysts the active surfaces are actually ceramic oxides of the metals. Because platinum metals ...
- base on balls
- (from the article "Henderson, Rickey") The 2001 season was a landmark for Henderson. On April 25, while a member of the San Diego Padres, he broke Babe Ruth's lifetime record for bases on balls (walks). ...
- base peak
- (from the article "chemical compound") The mass spectrum of the ketone 2-butanone serves as an example. The strongest peak in the spectrum is known as the base peak, and its intensity is arbitrarily set at ...
- Base Ring ware
- (from the article "painting, Western") The Cypriot pottery of the Late Bronze Age is of three main kinds: (1) a handmade ware with a glossy brown surface called base-ring ware, vases and statuettes of humans ...
- base-pair substitution
- (from the article "mutation") Mutations are of several types. Changes within genes are called point mutations. The simplest kinds are changes to single base pairs, called base-pair substitutions. Many of these substitute an incorrect ...
- Baseball
- [8 Related Articles]
- baseball
- (from the article "World Series") The ball has a cork-and-rubber core, around which yarn is tightly wrapped; the cover consists of two snugly fitted pieces of white leather sewn together. The circumference is 9 to ...
- baseball
- pocket-billiards game, named for the similarity in its scoring system to the American game played with bat and ball, in which players attempt to score runs by pocketing 21 consecutively ...
- baseball
- game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a ... [64 Related Articles]
- baseball bat
- (from the article "baseball") ...the cover consists of two snugly fitted pieces of white leather sewn together. The circumference is 9 to 9.25 inches (23 to 23.5 cm) and the weight between 5 and ...
- Baseball Hall of Fame
- museum and honorary society, Cooperstown, New York, U.S. The origins of the hall can be traced to 1935, when plans were first put forward for the 1939 celebration of the ... [5 Related Articles]
- baseball park
- (from the article "baseball") Baseball parks became important local civic monuments and repositories of collective memories. The first parks had been jerry-built, flimsy wooden structures, but between 1909 and 1923 some 15 major league ...
- baseball player
- (from the article "baseball") game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a ...
- Baseball Players' Fraternity
- (from the article "baseball") ...1900-03, the Protective Association of Professional Baseball Players got National League players to switch to the other league, but with the peace treaty the association died. In 1912 came the ...
- Baseball Writers Association of America
- (from the article "baseball") ...awards each season. The Most Valuable Player (MVP) is selected in both the American League and the National League. The MVP was first given in 1922; since 1931 the players ...
- Basedow, Johann Bernhard
- influential German educational reformer who advocated the use of realistic teaching methods and the introduction of nature study, physical education, and manual training into the schools. He also called for ... [3 Related Articles]
- Basel
- (from the article "Switzerland") ...cities organized to maintain public peace, and attacked the Swiss ally Graubunden, thus igniting the Swabian (or Swiss) War. After several battles in Graubunden and along the Rhine from Basel ...
- Basel
- capital of the Halbkanton (demicanton) of Basel-Stadt (with which it is virtually coextensive), northern Switzerland. It lies along the Rhine River, at the mouths of the Birs ... [8 Related Articles]
- Basel Accord
- (from the article "bank") The most important step in this direction was the Basel Accord, which was implemented in stages by the Group of Ten countries (also known as G-10, a group of industrialized ...
- Basel Action Network
- (from the article "The Environment") ...and finally Ricky), which had been sent to India for scrapping. The ship, which contained asbestos insulation, had docked at the Alang ship-breaking yard in Gujarat on April 19. The ...
- Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
- committee of the Bank for International Settlements, an institution that promotes financial and monetary cooperation among the world's central banks. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision was created in 1974 ...
- Basel Conference
- (from the article "international relations") ...the bosses provoked a war, the working classes would refuse to take part. Jean Jaures defined the proletariat as "masses of men who collectively love peace and hate war." The ...
- Basel Group
- (from the article "international payment and exchange") In 1930 a Bank for International Settlements was established at Basel, Switz.; its main duty was to supervise and organize the transfer of German reparations to the recipient countries. This ...
- Basel Program
- (from the article "Herzl, Theodor") ...writer Max Nordau, who gave a brilliant address in which he described the plight of the Jews in the East and in the West. The three-day congress agreed upon a ...
- Basel Zoological Garden
- privately owned zoological garden in Basel, Switz., noted for its outstanding work in the breeding of the Indian rhinoceros and the pygmy hippopotamus. The zoo was founded in 1874 for ...
- Basel, Confession of
- moderate Protestant Reformation statement of Reformed doctrine composed of 12 articles. It was first drafted by John Oecolampadius, the Reformer of Basel, and was compiled in fuller form in 1532 ...
- Basel, Council of
- a general council of the Roman Catholic church held in Basel, Switz. It was called by Pope Martin V a few weeks before his death in 1431 and then confirmed ... [17 Related Articles]
- Basel, Peace of
- (from the article "Maximilian I") In 1499 Maximilian fought an unsuccessful war against the Swiss Confederation and was forced to recognize its virtual independence by the Peace of Basel (September 22). At the same time, ...
- Basel, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The University of Basel awarded Burckhardt the degree of Ph.D. in absentia, and after his return from Berlin in 1843 he was quickly authorized to give private lectures. Lecture he ...
- Basel-Landschaft
- Halbkanton (demicanton), northern Switzerland, traversed by the Jura Mountains and drained by the Ergolz and Birs rivers. It was formed in 1833 by the division of Basel canton into two ... [1 Related Articles]
- Basel-Stadt
- Halbkanton (demicanton), northern Switzerland, consisting of the city of Basel (q.v.) and two small villages north of the Rhine. Occupying an area of 14 square miles (37 square km), it ... [1 Related Articles]
- baselevel
- in hydrology and geomorphology, limit below which a stream cannot erode. Upon entering a still body of water, a stream's velocity is checked and thus it loses its eroding power; ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baseley, Godfrey
- British radio executive and actor who created the country life radio show "The Archers," the world's longest-running daily serial, and for more than 20 years served as the program's script ...
- baseline observation
- (from the article "personality assessment") A type of behavioral assessment called baseline observations is becoming increasingly popular. These are recordings of response frequencies in particular situations before any treatment or intervention has been made. They ...
- Baselitz, Georg
- German painter, printmaker, and sculptor who is considered to be a pioneering Neo-Expressionist. Baselitz was part of a wave of German painters who in the late 1970s rejected abstraction for ...
- Basellaceae
- the Madeira-vine family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with 4 genera and 15 to 25 species of herbaceous perennial vines, distributed primarily in the New World tropics. Members ...
- basement membrane
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...size, usually three to four endothelial cells in circumference, except toward the venous terminations, where they become slightly wider, four to six cells in circumference. A thin membrane, called a ...
- basement rock
- (from the article "Europe") ...three basic tectonic environments. The first is in shields, like the Baltic Shield, which are large areas of stable Precambrian rocks usually surrounded by later orogenic belts. The second is ...
- basenji
- ancient breed of hound dog native to central Africa, where it is used to point and retrieve and to drive quarry into a net. It is also known as the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Basescu, Traian
- (from the article "Romania") Area: 238,391 sq km (92,043 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 21,549,000 | Capital: Bucharest | Chief of state: Presidents Traian Basescu, Nicolae Vacaroiu (acting from April 20), and, from ...
- Basevi, James
- (from the article "1943: Other Winners") ...Black-and-White: Arthur Miller for The Song of BernadetteCinematography, Color: W. Howard Greene and Hal Mohr for The Phantom of the OperaArt Direction, Black-and-White: James Basevi and William Darling for The ...
- BASF Aktiengesellschaft
- (German: BASF Limited-liability Company), German chemical and plastics manufacturing company originally founded in 1865 and today operating in some 30 countries. The BASF Group produces oil and natural gas, chemicals, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Bashan
- country frequently cited in the Old Testament and later important in the Roman Empire; it is located in what is now Syria. Bashan was the northernmost of the three ancient ... [1 Related Articles]
- bashi-bazouk
- ("corrupted head," or "leaderless"), mercenary soldier belonging to the skirmishing or irregular troops of the Ottoman Empire, notorious for their indiscipline, plundering, and brutality. Originally describing the homeless beggars who ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bashidang
- (from the article "agriculture, origins of") Archaeological sites that are waterlogged but otherwise stable tend to have excellent organic preservation; such is the case at the Yangtze floodplain village of Bashidang, where a 100-square-metre (1,075-square-foot) area ...
- Bashir Sfar
- (from the article "Young Tunisians") The party, headed by Ali Bash Hamba and Bashir Sfar, demanded complete Tunisian control of the government and administration of the country and full citizenship rights for both Tunisians and ...
- Bashir Shihab II
- Lebanese prince who established hegemony over Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century and ruled it under Ottoman and, later, Egyptian suzerainty from 1788 to 1840. [3 Related Articles]
|
|
