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Bedford ... behaviour therapy

Bedford: town (township), Westchester county, southeastern New York, U.S., north of White Plains, near the Connecticut state line. Bedford Village, the original settlement, was founded in 1680 by 22 farmers from ...
Bedford: borough (town), seat (1771) of Bedford county, southern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the Raystown Branch Juniata River, in the Allegheny Mountains, 38 miles (61 km) south of ...
Bedford, Francis Russell, 2nd earl of: Protestant supporter of Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th earl of: only son of William, Lord Russell of Thornhaugh, who became earl of Bedford by the death of his cousin Edward, the 3rd earl, in May 1627.
Bedford, Francis Russell, 5th duke of: eldest son of Francis Russell (d. 1767), marquess of Tavistock, the eldest son of the 4th duke; he succeeded his grandfather as duke of Bedford in 1771.
Bedford, Jasper Tudor, duke of, Earl Of Pembroke: leader of the Lancastrians in Wales, uncle and guardian of Henry, earl of Richmond, afterward Henry VII of England.
Bedford, John Plantagenet, duke of: general and statesman who commanded England's army during a critical period in the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) with France. Despite his military and administrative talent, England's position in France had ...
Bedford, John Robert Russell, 13th duke of: elder son of the 12th duke (Hastings William Sackville Russell), succeeding to the title in 1953.
Bedford, John Russell, 1st earl of: founder of the wealth and greatness of the house of Russell, who was a favourite of England's Henry VIII and was created earl of Bedford during the reign of Edward ...
Bedford, John Russell, 4th duke of: leader of the "Bedford Whigs," a major parliamentary force in the third quarter of the 18th century in England.
Bedford, William Russell, 1st duke and 5th earl of: eldest son of the 4th earl, who fought first on the side of Parliament and then on that of Charles I during the Civil War.
Bedfordshire: administrative, geographic, and historic county of the southeastern Midlands of England. The county town (seat) is Bedford. The administrative county is divided into three districts: Mid Bedfordshire, South Bedfordshire, and ...
Bedier, Joseph: scholar whose work on the Tristan and Isolde and the Roland epics made invaluable contributions to the study of medieval French literature.
Bedlam: the first asylum for the mentally ill in England. It is currently located in Beckenham, Kent. The word bedlam came to be used generically for all psychiatric hospitals and sometimes ...
Bedlington: town, Wansbeck district, administrative and historic county of Northumberland, England, adjacent to the North Sea port of Blyth. Its population grew rapidly with the expansion of coal mining north of ...
Bedlington terrier: breed of dog developed in the 1800s in Northumberland, England, and named for Bedlingtonshire, a mining district in the area. The breed, which established itself locally as a fighting dog ...
Bedmar, Alonso de la Cueva, marques de: Spanish diplomat who was allegedly responsible for the "conspiracy of Venice" in 1618.
Bednorz, J. Georg: German physicist who, along with Karl Alex Muller (q.v.), was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at temperatures higher than ...
Bedny, Demyan: Soviet poet known both for his verses glorifying the Revolution of 1917 and for his satirical fables.
Bedouin: Arabic-speaking nomadic peoples of the Middle Eastern deserts, especially of Arabia, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan.
Bedreddin: Ottoman theologian, jurist, and mystic whose social doctrines of communal ownership of property led to a large-scale popular uprising.
bedsore: an ulceration of skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure that limits the blood supply to the affected area. As the name indicates, bedsores are a particular affliction for persons ...
bedspread: top cover of a bed, put on for tidiness or display rather than warmth. Use of a bedspread is an extremely ancient custom, referred to in the earliest written sources, ...
bedstraw: any plant from the genus Galium of the madder family (Rubiaceae), containing about 300 species of low perennial herbs found in damp woods and swamps and along stream banks and ...
Bedworth: town, Nuneaton and Bedworth borough, administrative and historic county of Warwickshire, England. Coal mining, from two local pits, was important until it ceased at the end of the 20th century. ...
Bedzin: city, Slaskie wojewodztwo (province), southern Poland, just northeast of Katowice, near the Czarna Przemsza River. Located on the trade route between Wroclaw and Krakow, and one of ...
bee: any member of some 20,000 species of insects of the superfamily Apoidea (order Hymenoptera). In addition to the familiar honeybee (Apis) and bumblebee (Bombus [see ] and Psithyrus), thousands of ...
bee fly: any insect of the family Bombyliidae (order Diptera). Many resemble bees, and most have long proboscises (feeding organs) that are used to obtain nectar from flowers. Their metallic brown, black, ...
Bee Gees, the: English-Australian pop-rock band that embodied the disco era of the late 1970s. In becoming one of the best-selling recording acts of all time, the Bee Gees (short for the Brothers ...
bee-eater: any of about 25 species of brightly coloured birds of the family Meropidea (order Coraciiformes). Found throughout tropical and subtropical Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia (one species, Merops apiaster, occasionally reaches ...
Beebe, William: American biologist, explorer, and writer on natural history who combined careful biological research with a rare literary skill. He was the coinventor of the bathysphere.
beech: any of several different types of trees, especially about 10 species of deciduous ornamental and timber trees constituting the genus Fagus in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate and subtropical ...
Beecham, Sir Thomas, 2nd Baronet: conductor and impresario who founded and led several major orchestras and used his personal fortune for the improvement of orchestral and operatic performances in England.
Beecher, Catharine Esther: American educator and author who popularized and shaped a conservative ideological movement to both elevate and entrench woman's place in the domestic sphere of American culture.
Beecher, Henry Ward: liberal U.S. Congregational minister whose oratorical skill and social concern made him one of the most influential Protestant spokesmen of his time.
Beecher, Lyman: U.S. Presbyterian clergyman in the revivalist tradition.
Beechworth: town, northeastern Victoria, Australia, at the foot of the Victorian Alps. The original settlement (c. 1839), called Mayday Hills, was renamed for a place in England. During the mid-19th century ...
Beecroft, John: adventurer, trader, explorer, and as British consul (1849-54) for the Bights of Benin and Biafra (the coastal area from present-day Benin to Cameroon), a forerunner of British imperial expansion in ...
beef: flesh of mature cattle, as distinguished from veal, the flesh of calves. The best beef is obtained from early maturing, special beef breeds. High-quality beef has firm, velvety, fine-grained lean, ...
beehive house: primitive type of residence designed by enlarging a simple stone hemisphere, constructed out of individual blocks, to provide greater height at the centre; the form resembles a straw beehive, hence, ...
Beehive, The: artists' settlement on the outskirts of the Montparnasse section of Paris, which in the early 20th century was the centre of much avant-garde activity. The Beehive housed the ramshackle living ...
beekeeping: care and management of colonies of honeybees. They are kept for their honey and other products or their services as pollinators of fruit and vegetable blossoms or as a hobby. ...
Beelzebub: in the Bible, the prince of the devils. In the Old Testament, in the form Baalzebub, it is the name given to the god of the Philistine city of Ekron ...
beer: alcoholic beverage produced by extracting raw materials with water, boiling (usually with hops), and fermenting. In some countries, beer is defined by law-as in Germany, where the standard ingredients, besides ...
Beer Hall Putsch: Adolf Hitler's attempt to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on Nov. 8-9, 1923. Hitler and his small Nazi Party associated themselves with General Erich Ludendorff, a ...
Beer, Israel: Israeli military analyst who was convicted (1962) for treason as a Soviet agent.
Beer, Wilhelm: German banker and amateur astronomer who (with Johann Heinrich von Madler) constructed the most complete map of the Moon of his time, Mappa Selenographica (1836). The first lunar map to ...
Beerbohm, Sir Max: English caricaturist, writer, dandy, and wit whose sophisticated drawings and parodies were unique in capturing, usually without malice, whatever was pretentious, affected, or absurd in his famous and fashionable contemporaries. ...
Beernaert, Auguste-Marie-Francois: Belgian-Flemish statesman, and cowinner (with Paul-H.-B. d'Estournelles de Constant) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1909.
Beers, Ethel Lynn: American poet known for her patriotic and sentimental verse, particularly the popular Civil War poem "The Picket Guard."
Beersheba: biblical town of southern Israel, now a city and the main centre of the Negev (ha-Negev) region.
Beery, Wallace: American actor who played in more than 250 motion pictures between 1913 and 1949.
Beeston and Stapleford: urban area, Broxtowe borough, administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, England. The community developed during the 19th century as a result of its proximity to the coal measures of western ...
Beeston, Christopher: actor and theatrical manager who was one of the most influential figures in the English theatre in the early 17th century.
beeswax: commercially useful animal wax secreted by the worker bee to make the cell walls of the honeycomb. Beeswax ranges from yellow to almost black in colour, depending on such factors ...
beet: cultivated form of the plant Beta vulgaris of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), one of the most important vegetables. Four distinct types are cultivated for four different purposes: (1) the garden ...
Beethoven, Ludwig, van: German composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras.
beetle: (order Coleoptera), any of at least 250,000 species of insects (the largest order in the animal kingdom), principally characterized by their special forewings, which are modified into hardened wing covers ...
Beets, Nicolaas: Dutch pastor and writer whose Camera obscura is a classic of Dutch literature.
Befana: in Italian tradition, the old woman who fills children's stockings with gifts on Epiphany (Twelfth Night). Too busy to see the Three Wise Men on their journey to adore the ...
Beg-tse: in Tibetan Buddhism, one of the fierce protective deities, the dharmapalas. See dharmapala.
Bega: town of the South Coast region, New South Wales, Australia, where the Bemboka and Brogo rivers unite to form the short Bega River. Settled in 1839 and gazetted a town ...
Begas, Reinhold: artist who dominated Prussian sculpture for a generation after 1870.
Begin, Menachem: Zionist leader who was prime minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983. Begin was the co-recipient, with Egyptian president Anwar el-Sadat, of the 1978 Nobel Prize for Peace for their ...
beginning rhyme: in literature, the rhyme at the beginning of successive lines of verse. Lines 3 and 4 of Robert Herrick's "To Daffodils" demonstrate beginning rhyme: As yet the early-rising sunHas not ...
begonia: (genus Begonia), any of about 1,000 species of mostly succulent (juicy-stemmed) plants, many with colourful flowers or leaves and used as pot plants indoors or as garden plants. They are ...
Begoniaceae: the begonia family of flowering plants. There is debate among botanists about the classification of this family: some assign it to the order Violales; others place it in its own ...
Beguines: women in the cities of northern Europe who, beginning in the Middle Ages, led lives of religious devotion without joining an approved religious order.
Begusarai: city, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated in the Middle Ganges Plain, just north of the Ganges River. The name Begusarai is derived from serai (Persian, meaning "travelers' ...
Behaghel, Otto: language scholar who specialized in studies of the German language and whose Deutsche Syntax, 4 vol. (1923-32; "German Syntax"), is a massive compilation and classification of examples of German linguistic ...
Behaim, Martin: navigator and geographer whose Nurnberg Terrestrial Globe is the earliest globe extant.
Beham, Hans Sebald: German engraver who was the most prolific of the Kleinmeister (German: "Little Masters") of engraving, so called because they produced small prints.
Behan, Brendan: Irish author noted for his earthy satire and powerful political commentary.
behavioral science: any of various disciplines dealing with the subject of human actions, usually including the fields of sociology, social and cultural anthropology, psychology, and behavioral aspects of biology, economics, geography, law, ...
behaviour genetics: the study of the influence of an organism's genetic composition on its behaviour and the interaction of heredity and environment insofar as they affect behaviour. The question of the determinants ...
behaviour therapy: the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the treatment of psychological disorders. The concept derives primarily from work of the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov, who published extensively in ...