| | - bar magnet
- (from the article "geomagnetic field") To a first approximation the magnetic field observed at the surface of the Earth is like that of a magnet aligned with the planet's rotation axis. The figure shows such ...
- Bar Mitzvah
- Jewish religious ritual and family celebration commemorating the religious adulthood of a boy on his 13th birthday. The boy, now deemed personally responsible for fulfilling all the commandments, may henceforth ... [3 Related Articles]
- bar Sauma, Rabban
- Nestorian Christian ecclesiastic, whose important but little-known travels in western Europe as an envoy of the Mongols provide a counterpart to those of his contemporary, the Venetian Marco Polo, in ...
- bar shot
- (from the article "military technology") ...into the gun but designed to separate upon leaving the muzzle. Because they dispersed widely upon leaving the gun, the projectiles were especially effective at short range against massed troops. ...
- bar tracery
- (from the article "tracery") After 1220 English designers began to conceive of the tympanum as a series of openings separated only by thin, stone, upright bars (bar tracery). In France a developed type of ...
- Bar, Confederation of
- league of Polish nobles and gentry that was formed to defend the liberties of the nobility within the Roman Catholic Church and the independence of Poland from Russian encroachment. Its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bar, Francois de
- French historiographer and scholar of ecclesiastical law, whose church histories are considered the most detailed and complete of his time.
- BAR-Honda
- (from the article "Automobile Racing") ...$20 million cost of reimbursing the disappointed spectators and bought a large number of tickets for the 2006 U.S. race. The biggest disappointments of the 2005 F1 season were the ...
- Bar-le-Duc
- capital of Meuse departement, Lorraine region, northeastern France. It extends out along the narrow valley of the Ornain River, west of Nancy. To the ...
- Bar-On, Roni
- (from the article "Netanyahu, Benjamin") ...as by voters' growing dislike of his inconsistent peace policies and his often abrasive style. In addition, a series of scandals had plagued his administration, including his appointment in 1997 ...
- Bar-Salibi, Jacob
- the great spokesman of the Jacobite (monophysite) church in the 12th century.
- Bara
- Malagasy people who live in south-central Madagascar and speak a dialect of Malagasy, a West Austronesian language.
- Bara Banki
- town, east-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies northeast of Lucknow and includes the larger town of Nawabganj. Nawabganj is an agricultural market and cotton-weaving centre. The two towns ...
- Bara River
- (from the article "Peshawar") city, central North-West Frontier province, Pakistan. The city (capital of the province) lies just west of the Bara River, a tributary of the Kabul River, near the Khyber Pass. The ...
- Bara, Theda
- American silent-film star who was the first screen vamp who lured men to destruction. Her films set the vogue for sophisticated sexual themes in motion pictures and made her an ...
- Barabaig
- (from the article "African architecture") ...to termites. The huts are aerodynamically proof against high winds, and the manyatta thicket boundary acts as a defensive barrier. A number of other tribes use a similar structure; the ...
- Barabar hills
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...foundations and the few examples imitating wooden originals that were cut into the rock, notably the Sudama and the Lomas Rsi caves in the Nagarjuni and Barabar hills near Gaya. ...
- Barabas, Miklos
- painter and printmaker whose name is associated with the birth of "romantic pictography" in Hungary and who was one of the most popular artists of his time.
- Barabbas
- in the New Testament, a prisoner or criminal mentioned in all four gospels who was chosen by the crowd, over Jesus Christ, to be released by Pontius Pilate in a ...
- Baraboo
- city, seat (1847) of Sauk county, south-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies in a hilly region on the Baraboo River, about 35 miles (55 km) northwest of Madison. Ho-Chunk Nation (Winnebago), ... [1 Related Articles]
- barack palinka
- (from the article "brandy") ...characterized by a bitter-almond flavour contributed by the release of oil from the fruit pits during mashing, include slivovitz, a golden-brown plum brandy produced in various Balkan countries; barack palinka, ...
- Baracoa
- port city, eastern Cuba. It is situated on the extreme eastern part of the island, along a small semicircular bay on the north coast. Surrounded by rugged mountains, Baracoa was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barad, Jill E.
- On Jan. 1, 1998, Jill Barad celebrated her first anniversary as chairman and CEO of Mattel, the world's largest toy manufacturer. In January 1997, after 16 years with the company, ...
- Barada River
- river of western Syria. It rises in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and flows southward for 52 miles (84 km) through Damascus to intermittent Lake Al-'Utaybah and its marshes. The Barada River ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baradaeus, Jacob
- (from the article "Bar Hebraeus") ...age of 17 became a hermit. He was made a bishop at 20 and an archbishop at 26, and by 1264 he was assistant patriarch (chief prelate) of the Eastern ...
- Baradostian industry
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") Locally, the Mousterian is followed by an Upper Paleolithic flint industry called the Baradostian. Radiocarbon dates suggest that this is one of the earliest Upper Paleolithic complexes; it may have ...
- Baragwanath
- (from the article "Johannesburg") ...of these is Johannesburg General, a 2,000-bed formerly "white" hospital that opened on Parktown Ridge in 1978. The largest hospital in Johannesburg, and indeed in all Africa, is Baragwanath, a ...
- Baragwanathia
- genus of early lycopsid plants that had true leaves bearing a single strand of vascular tissue and kidney-bean-shaped sporangia arranged in zones along the stem. These features relate it to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barahona
- city, southwestern Dominican Republic. It lies along Neiba Bay, off the Caribbean Sea, at the northeastern foot of the Sierra de Baoruco. The gateway to the Dominican Republic's lake district, ...
- Barahona de Soto, Luis
- Spanish poet who is remembered for his Primera parte de la Angelica (1586; "The First Part of the Angelica"), more commonly known as Las lagrimas de Angelica ("The Tears of ...
- Baraita
- any of the ancient oral traditions of Jewish religious law that were not included in the Mishna (the first authoritative codification of such laws). The Baraitot that are found dispersed ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barajas Airport
- (from the article "Madrid") The road and rail systems both converge on the capital from all corners of the country. A subway system, the Metro, serves Madrid with various lines that extend throughout the ...
- Barak River valley
- (from the article "Assam") ...and is surrounded on all sides, except on the west, by mountains. Numerous streams and rivulets that flow from the neighbouring hills empty into the Brahmaputra. Although only a small ...
- Barak, Ehud
- soldier and politician who was the prime minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001. [6 Related Articles]
- Baraka, Amiri
- writer who presented the experiences and anger of black Americans with an affirmation of black life. [6 Related Articles]
- barakah
- (from the article "nature worship") ...as Mulungu, Imana, Jok, and others in Africa) that Western scholars have noted outside of the Austronesian and American peoples are often wrongly interpreted as concepts of God. Only the ...
- Barakaldo
- industrial suburb, northern Vizcaya provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Basque Country, northeastern Spain. It lies on the south bank of ...
- Barakat II
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") In 1517 the Ottoman sultan Selim I conquered Egypt and proclaimed the Hejaz part of the Ottoman dominions. Sharif Barakat II of Mecca sent his son to negotiate at the ...
- Barakat, Henri Antoine
- Egyptian filmmaker who made 112 motion pictures during his 55-year career and was known for the "poetic realism" of his works (b. June 11, 1914--d. May 27, 1997).
- Barakat, Sidi
- (from the article "Islamic world") ...last been relied on with the Idrisids; now the sharifs were often associated with Sufi holy men, known as marabouts. It was one such Sufi, Sidi Barakat, who legitimated the ...
- Barakzay Dynasty
- ruling family in Afghanistan in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Barakzay brothers seized control of Afghanistan and in 1826 divided the region between them. Dost Mohammad Khan gained preeminence ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baram River
- river in northwestern Borneo. Rising in the Iran Mountains, it flows 250 miles (400 km) west and northwest, mostly through primary rain forest to the South China Sea at Baram ...
- Barama Ngolo
- (from the article "Bambara states") ...between the Senegal and Niger rivers, and the other on Kaarta, along the middle Niger (both in present-day Mali). According to tradition, the Segu kingdom was founded by two brothers, ...
- Barama River Carib
- (from the article "South American Indian") ...Cariban-, and Tupian-speaking peoples, such as the coastal Arawak proper and those of the Greater Antilles, the Achagua, Guahibo, Palicur, and others; the Carib of the Guianas, such as the ...
- baramasa
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...such as the siharfi ("golden alphabet"), in which each line or each stanza begins with succeeding letters of the Arabic alphabet. In Muslim India the baraiasa ("12 months") is a ...
- Baramula
- town in the northwestern part of Jammu and Kashmir state, northern India. It is situated on the Jhelum River about 7 miles (11 km) beyond the river's emergence from Wular ...
- Baranagar
- town, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just east of the Hooghly River, part of the Calcutta urban agglomeration. Originally a Portuguese settlement, it became the seat of a Dutch ...
- Baranauskas, Antanas
- Roman Catholic bishop and poet who wrote one of the greatest works in Lithuanian literature, Anykysciu silelis (1858-59; The Forest of Anyksciai). The 342-line poem, written in East High Lithuanian ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baranga, Aurel
- (from the article "Romanian literature") Dramatists included Aurel Baranga, who dealt with the problems of contemporary life; Horia Lovinescu, whose plays depicted changing intellectual attitudes; and M. Davidoglu, author of plays set in mines and ...
- barangay
- type of early Filipino settlement; the word is derived from balangay, the name for the sailboats that originally brought settlers of Malay stock to the Philippines from Borneo. Each boat ... [2 Related Articles]
- barani
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...more than 20 inches (500 mm) of precipitation annually, namely the Potwar Plateau and the upper Indus plain. Such areas where dry farming is practiced are referred to as
- Barani, Ziya'-ud-Din
- the first known Muslim to write a history of India; he resided for 17 years at Delhi as nadim (boon companion) of Sultan Muhammad ibn Tughluq. [1 Related Articles]
- Baranof Island
- (from the article "Alaskan mountains") ...of the archipelago range in elevation from 2,000-3,500 feet in the southern Prince of Wales Mountains to more than 4,000-7,500 feet in the Chilkat Range and the mountains of Admiralty, ...
- Baranov, Aleksandr A.
- (from the article "Sitka") ...Pacific Ocean. The area was originally inhabited by Tlingit Indians. It was explored by a Russian expedition in 1741, and Old Sitka, or Fort St. Michael, was established in July ...
- Baranovichi
- town, Brest oblast (province), Belarus, on the southern edge of the Novogrudok Hills. It developed from a small village in the late 19th century into a major ...
- Barante, Amable-Guillaume-Prosper Brugiere, baron de
- French statesman, historian, and political writer, a liberal representative under the Bourbon restoration and a leading member of the narrative school of Romanticist historians who portrayed historical episodes with high ...
- Barany, Robert
- Austrian otologist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1914 for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular (balancing) apparatus of the inner ear.
- Baranya
- megye (county), southern Hungary, bounded by the counties of Tolna to the north and Bacs-Kiskun to the east, by Croatia to the south, and by the county ...
- Barari Ghat, Battle of
- (Jan. 9, 1760), in Indian history, one of a series of Afghan victories over the Marathas in their war to gain control of the decaying Mughal Empire, which gave the ...
- Barasat
- town, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India. Connected by road and rail with Calcutta and Howrah, it is an important trade centre for rice, legumes, sugarcane, potatoes, and coconuts; cotton ...
- Barash, Asher
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") ...concerned with the past. An exception was Yehuda Burla, who wrote about Jewish communities of Middle Eastern descent. The transition from ghetto to Palestine was achieved by few writers, among ...
- barasingha
- (species Cervus duvauceli), graceful deer, belonging to the family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), found in open forests and grasslands of India and Nepal. The barasingha stands about 1.1 m (45 inches) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barat, Saint Madeleine-Sophie
- nun and founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart. [1 Related Articles]
- Barataria Bay
- inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, about 15 miles (24 km) long and 12 miles (19 km) wide, in southeastern Louisiana, U.S. Its entrance, largely blocked by Grand Isle and ...
- Baratieri, Oreste
- general and colonial governor who was responsible for both the development of the Italian colony of Eritrea and the loss of Italian influence over Ethiopia. [1 Related Articles]
- Baratynsky, Yevgeny Abramovich
- foremost Russian philosophical poet contemporary with Aleksandr Pushkin. In his poetry he combined an elegant, precise style with spiritual melancholy in dealing with abstract idealistic concepts.
- barb
- (from the article "feather") The typical feather consists of a central shaft (rachis), with serial paired branches (barbs) forming a flattened, usually curved surface-the vane. The barbs possess further branches -the barbules-and the barbules ...
- barb
- (genus Barbus), any of numerous freshwater fishes belonging to a genus in the carp family, Cyprinidae. The barbs are native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. The members of this genus ... [1 Related Articles]
- Barb
- native horse breed of the Barbary states of North Africa. It is related to, and probably an offshoot of, the Arabian horse but is larger, with a lower placed tail, ...
- Barba de Padilla, Sebastian
- (from the article "Cochabamba") city, central Bolivia. It lies in the densely populated, fertile Cochabamba Basin, at 8,432 feet (2,570 metres) above sea level. Founded as Villa de Oropeza in 1574 by the conquistador ...
- Barba, Eugenio
- (from the article "theatre") ...of "the greatest possible effect from the least possible means." The internationalism of the theatre is now such that groups modeled on Grotowski's have appeared throughout the world. Eugenio Barba, ...
- Barbacena
- city, southeastern Minas Gerais estado (state), Brazil. It is situated in the Serra da Mantiquera, at 3,727 feet (1,136 metres) above sea level. The settlement was made ...
- Barbad
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...religion related to Manichaeanism, a Gnostic religion), music was considered as one of the four spiritual powers. In the king's entourage musicians occupied high rank. Some became famous, such as ...
- Barbados
- island country in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, situated about 100 miles (160 km) east of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Roughly triangular in shape, the island measures some 20 miles ... [21 Related Articles]
- Barbados cherry
- common name for various tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs of the genera Bunchiosa and Malpighia (family Malpighiaceae), especially M. glabra, M. punicifolia, and M. urens.
- Barbados Labour Party
- (from the article "Barbados") The governing Barbados Labour Party (BLP) picked up an extra supporter in the House of Assembly in January 2006 when Clyde Mascoll resigned from the opposition Democratic Labour Party, which ...
- Barbados nut
- (from the article "Representative poisonous plants") The barbados nut (J. curcas), with yellow-green flowers and three- to five-lobed leaves on trees 6 m tall from Mexico and Central America, produces seeds from which cooking oil, soap, ...
- Barbados Ridge
- submarine ridge of the Caribbean Sea rising from the southern end of the axis of the Puerto Rico Trench. The Barbados Ridge is paralleled on either side by a shallow ...
- Barbados, flag of
- vertically striped national flag of blue-yellow-blue with a central black trident head. It has a width-to-length ratio of 2 to 3.
- Barbaia, Domenico
- (from the article "Rossini, Gioachino") Rossini's fame soon spread to Naples, where the reigning impresario was Domenico Barbaia, an ambitious former coffeehouse waiter, who by gambling and running a gaming house had amassed a fortune ...
- Barbalissus, Battle of
- (from the article "Iran, ancient") Several years later, in 256 (or 252), another confrontation between the Persians and Romans occurred:We attacked the Roman empire and we destroyed an army of 60,000 men at Barbalissus [in ...
- Barbar
- (from the article "Dilmun") Barbar, the remains of an ancient temple (largely built of limestone) situated on al-Bahrain, and many thousands of burial mounds attest to the island's prominence. Qala'at (fort) al-Bahrain, a large ...
- Barbara
- French singer and composer who specialized in singing the songs of Jacques Brel and Georges Brassens in Belgium before she found stardom in France singing many of her own compositions, ...
- Barbara
- (from the article "logic, history of") ..."beta," and "gamma" are variables-i.e., placeholders. Any argument that fits this pattern is a valid syllogism and, in fact, a syllogism in the form known as Barbara. (On this terminology, ...
- Barbara, Saint
- virgin martyr of the early church and patroness of artillerymen. According to legend, which dates only to the 7th century, she was the daughter of a pagan, Dioscorus, who kept ...
- Barbari
- (from the article "logic, history of") *Barbari, *Celaront.
- Barbari, Jacopo de'
- Venetian painter and engraver influenced by Antonello da Messina. Barbari probably painted the first signed and dated (1504) pure still life (a dead partridge, gauntlets, and arrow pinned against a ... [2 Related Articles]
- barbarian
- (from the article "Scholasticism") It was a decisive and astonishing fact that the so-called barbarian peoples who penetrated from the north into the ancient world often became Christians and set out to master the ...
- barbarian invasions
- (from the article "Athens") ...capture of the city in 86 BC and had fallen into ruin, were rebuilt, and the circuit was extended to include the new suburb northeast of the Olympieion. This was ...
- Barbaro
- (from the article "Equestrian Sports") The valiant eight-month battle to save the life of Thoroughbred racehorse Barbaro following a catastrophic injury to his right hind leg in the Preakness Stakes two weeks after he won ...
- Barbaro, Daniele
- (from the article "Palladio, Andrea") ...published Le antichita di Roma ("The Antiquities of Rome"), which for 200 years remained the standard guidebook to Rome. In 1556 he collaborated with the classical scholar Daniele Barbaro in ...
- Barbaro, Villa
- (from the article "Palladio, Andrea") ...one major story and the attic, the entire structure being raised on a base that contains service areas and storage. In a third type the temple front covers the whole ...
- Barbarossa
- Barbary pirate and later admiral of the Ottoman fleet, by whose initiative Algeria and Tunisia became part of the Ottoman Empire. For three centuries after his death, Mediterranean coastal towns ... [6 Related Articles]
- Barbarossa, Operation
- (from the article "World War II") ...Germans would have conquered the whole European part of Russia and the Ukraine west of a line stretching from Archangel to Astrakhan. The invasion of the Soviet Union was given ...
- Barbary
- former designation for the coastal region of North Africa bounded by Egypt (east), by the Atlantic (west), by the Sahara (south), and by the Mediterranean Sea (north), and now comprising ... [2 Related Articles]
- Barbary fig
- (from the article "Morocco") ...(Quercus coccinea), arbutus, heather, myrtle, artemisia, cytisus (Medicago arborea), broom, and rosemary. In the arid interior plains, the dwarf palm, jujube tree, esparto grass, and Barbary fig (introduced from the ...
- Barbary ground squirrel
- (from the article "ground squirrel") ...The 38 species of North American ground squirrels and Eurasian sousliks (genus Spermophilus) are found from sea level to mountaintops in open habitats and occasionally in forests. The Barbary ground ...
- Barbary macaque
- tailless ground-dwelling monkey that lives in groups in the upland forests of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and Gibraltar. The Barbary macaque is about 60 cm (24 inches) long and has light ... [7 Related Articles]
- Barbary pirate
- any of the Muslim pirates operating from the coast of North Africa, at their most powerful during the 17th century but still active until the 19th century. Captains, who formed ... [4 Related Articles]
- Barbary shrike
- (from the article "shrike") ...with red-tinged underparts, is the tropical boubou (L. aethiopicus). Black above and bright red below are the black-headed, or Abyssinian, gonolek (L. erythrogaster) and the Barbary shrike (L. barbarus).
- Barbary Tongue
- (from the article "Senegal River") ...mouth of the Senegal has been deflected southward by the offshore Canary Current and by trade winds blowing from the north; the result has been the formation of a long ...
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