| | - Bannockburn
- town, Stirling council area, historic county of Stirlingshire, Scotland. Located slightly to the east of the famous battlefield to which it lent its name, Bannockburn was known in the 18th ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bannockburn, Battle of
- (June 23-24, 1314), decisive battle in Scottish history, whereby the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English under Edward II, regained their independence, and established Bruce on his throne ... [6 Related Articles]
- Bannon, John
- (from the article "South Australia") ...in the level of economic activity, and a growing nervousness affected the business climate of the state. In the last years of Dunstan's tenure and during the administration of his ...
- Bannu
- town, central part of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, just south of the Kurram River. The nearby Akra mounds have revealed finds dating to about 300 BC. In ancient and medieval ...
- Bannu Plain
- (from the article "Pakistan") In Bannu, about one-fourth of the cultivated area is irrigated. Annual precipitation is low, amounting to about 11 inches (275 mm). Fat-tailed sheep, camels, and donkeys are raised in Kohat ...
- Bannus
- (from the article "Josephus, Flavius") ...his own account, he was a precocious youth who by the age of 14 was consulted by high priests in matters of Jewish law. At age 16 he undertook a ...
- Banny, Charles Konan
- (from the article "Cote d'Ivoire") Area: 320,803 sq km (123,863 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 19,262,000 | De facto capital: Abidjan | Chief of state: President Laurent Gbagbo | Head of government: Prime Ministers ...
- Banpo culture
- (from the article "China") ...the Beishouling culture is represented by finds along the Wei and Jing rivers; bowls, deep-bodied jugs, and three-footed vessels, mainly red in colour, were common. The lower stratum of the ...
- Banpo site
- one of the most important archaeological sites yielding remains of the Painted Pottery, or Yangshao, culture of late Neolithic China. It is located at the east suburb of the city ...
- Banque Centrale de Mauritanie
- (from the article "Mauritania") The national Banque Centrale de Mauritanie was established in 1973. In addition there are five commercial banks. There are no securities exchanges in Mauritania, and the government controls all insurance ...
- Banque Generale
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...Sweden in 1656; to provide a substitute for Sweden's copper currency, it issued the first bank notes. Overproduced and not properly secured, they soon lost value. Law's ambitious scheme for ...
- Banqueting House
- (from the article "Jones, Inigo") In 1619 the Banqueting House at Whitehall was destroyed by fire; and between that year and 1622 Jones replaced it with what has always been regarded as his greatest achievement. ...
- Banquo
- (from the article "Macbeth") Macbeth and Banquo, who are generals serving King Duncan of Scotland, meet the Weird Sisters, three witches who prophesy that Macbeth will become thane of Cawdor, then king, and that ...
- Bansang
- town, east-central Gambia, on the south bank of the Gambia River. Bansang is a local trade centre for peanuts (groundnuts), rice, and fish among the Malinke, Fulani, and Wolof peoples, ...
- bansha no goku
- (from the article "Japan") ...criticized the bakufu plan to attack an American merchant ship. The resulting persecution of Watanabe Kazan, Takano Choei, and other scholars by bakufu officials in the so-called bansha no goku ...
- Banshan culture
- (from the article "China") ...spirals, painted with calligraphic ease, were the most prominent. Related designs involving sawtooth lines, gourd-shaped panels, spirals, and zoomorphic stick figures were painted on pots of the Banshan (mid-3rd millennium) ...
- Banshan ware
- type of Chinese Neolithic painted pottery. Its name is derived from the grave site in the Gansu province of north China at which the pottery was found in 1924. [3 Related Articles]
- banshee
- ("woman of the fairies") supernatural being in Irish and other Celtic folklore whose mournful "keening," or wailing screaming or lamentation, at night was believed to foretell the death of a ...
- Bansho Shirabesho
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") As early as 1855, preceding the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese established a bureau (later named Bansho Shirabesho, "Institute for the Study of Western Documents") to study Western painting as part ...
- Banska Bystrica
- town, capital of Stredni Slovensko kraj, Slovakia. It lies in the Hron River valley, surrounded by mountains. An ancient town, it has been an important mining centre since the 13th ... [2 Related Articles]
- bansuri
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...a larger version of the sitar; the sarod, a plucked lute without frets and a shorter neck than that of the sitar; the sarangi, a short-necked bowed lute; the bansuri, ...
- Banswara
- (from the article "Banswara") The area formerly constituted the princely state of Banswara, founded about 1530, of which the city of Banswara was capital. Earlier it formed part of the original Dungarpur state. It ...
- Banswara
- city, southern part of Rajasthan state, northwestern India. Banswara is an agricultural market centre. Its principal industries include cotton ginning, flour milling, handweaving, and woodworking. A walled city, it was ...
- Bantam
- former city and sultanate of Java, Indonesia. It lay near the site of present-day Banten, on Banten Bay, at the extreme northwest of the island, just north of Serang. Now ... [2 Related Articles]
- Banteay Srei
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") On some of the temple mountains there are also relief panels illustrating various aspects of the royal mythology. Episodic relief sculpture first appears on Banteay Srei (10th century). The relief ...
- banteng
- (species Bos banteng), a species of wild Southeast Asian cattle, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), found in hill forests. A shy animal resembling a domestic cow, the banteng attains a shoulder ... [1 Related Articles]
- Banti, Anna
- Italian biographer, critic, and author of fiction about women's struggles for equality of opportunity.
- Bantia
- (from the article "epigraphy") ...of the laws Lex Acilia Repetundarum (123 BC) and Lex Agraria (111 BC) were found in the 16th century on opposite sides of what was once a large bronze tablet; ...
- Banting, Sir Frederick Grant
- Canadian physician who, with Charles H. Best, was the first to extract (1921) the hormone insulin from the pancreas. Injections of insulin proved to be the first effective treatment for ... [5 Related Articles]
- banto faros
- (from the article "Gambia River") ...trees often growing more than 100 feet (30 m) high, abounds in wildlife but has been of little use for either agriculture or human settlement. The grass-covered river flats (known ...
- Bantock, Sir Granville
- English composer known especially for his large-scale choral and orchestral works.
- Bantoid languages
- (from the article "Benue-Congo languages") The 11th group within Benue-Congo, Bantoid, is far and away the largest not only in Benue-Congo but in Niger-Congo as a whole. Its 700 languages are spoken from eastern Nigeria ...
- Bantry Bay
- long inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, southwestern County Cork, Ireland. The bay has a maximum length of 30 miles (48 km) and is 10 miles (16 km) wide at its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Bantu Authorities Act
- (from the article "apartheid") Under the Bantu Authorities Act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for black Africans, and the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959 created 10 African homelands, or Bantustans. ...
- Bantu Education Act
- (from the article "South Africa") The government also established direct control over the education of blacks. The Bantu Education Act (1953) took black schools away from the missions, and more state-run schools-especially at the elementary ...
- Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act
- (from the article "apartheid") ...Authorities Act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for black Africans, and the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959 created 10 African homelands, or Bantustans. The Bantu Homelands ...
- Bantu languages
- a group of some 500 languages belonging to the Bantoid subgroup of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The Bantu languages are spoken in a very large area, ... [12 Related Articles]
- Bantu peoples
- the approximately 85 million speakers of the more than 500 distinct languages of the Bantu subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family, occupying almost the entire southern projection of the African ... [20 Related Articles]
- Bantustan
- any of 10 former territories that were designated by the white-dominated government of South Africa as pseudo-national homelands for the country's black African (classified by the government as Bantu) population ... [4 Related Articles]
- Banus, Maria
- (from the article "Romanian literature") ...life, later revealed a vigorous optimism, and the poet Eugen Jebeleanu protested on contemporary events and themes. Among those who came to the fore during and after World War II ...
- Banvard, John
- (from the article "Hudson River school") For some painters whose theme was untouched landscape, the northeast was less alluring than the more primitive and dramatic landscapes of the west. John Banvard and Henry Lewis painted huge ...
- Banville, John
- Irish novelist and journalist whose fiction is known for being referential, paradoxical, and complex. [2 Related Articles]
- Banville, Theodore de
- French poet of the mid-19th century who was a late disciple of the Romantics, a leader of the Parnassian movement, a contributor to many of the literary reviews of his ... [1 Related Articles]
- Banyak Islands
- group of more than 60 small islands, in Aceh semiautonomous province, Indonesia. The largest of the islands are Great Banyak, or Tuangku, Island and Bangkaru Island. With an area of ...
- banyan
- (Ficus benghalensis, or F. indica), unusually shaped tree of the fig genus in the mulberry family (Moraceae) native to tropical Asia. Aerial roots that develop from its branches descend and ... [4 Related Articles]
- Banyuwangi
- city, East Java (Jawa Timur) propinsi (province), Java, Indonesia. A major port on the Bali Strait, opposite Bali just to the east, it is located 120 miles (193 km) southeast ...
- Banza Bakwai
- (from the article "Hausa states") ...that of the Kanem-Bornu, or Bornu, in the east. The seven true Hausa states, or Hausa Bakwai (Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria [Zazzau]), and their seven outlying ...
- Banzer Suarez, Hugo
- soldier and politician who was president of Bolivia from 1971 to 1978 and from 1997 to 2001. [2 Related Articles]
- Banzhaf value
- (from the article "game theory") In the section Power in voting: the paradox of the chair's position, it was shown that power defined as control over outcomes is not synonymous with control over resources, such ...
- Bao Dai
- the last reigning emperor of Vietnam (1926-45). [4 Related Articles]
- Bao'an language
- (from the article "Mongolian languages") ...the Middle Mongolian period, various dialects began to develop into separate languages. The outlying languages-which today survive as Moghol in Afghanistan; Daur in the east; and Monguor (Tu), Bao'an (Bonan), ...
- baobab
- (from the article "baobab") ...the earth, and left its roots in the air." It is grown as a curiosity in areas of warm climate, such as Florida. A related species, A. gregorii, occurs in ...
- baobab
- (Adansonia digitata), tree of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), native to Africa. The barrel-like trunk may reach a diameter of 9 metres (30 feet) and a height of 18 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baoding
- city, southwest-central Hebei sheng (province), China. It is situated in a well-watered area on the western edge of the North China Plain; the Taihang Mountains rise a ...
- Baoji
- city, western Shaanxi sheng (province), north-central China. Situated on the north bank of the Wei River, it has been a strategic and transportation centre since early times, ... [1 Related Articles]
- baojia
- traditional Chinese system of collective neighbourhood organization, by means of which the government was able to maintain order and control through all levels of society, while employing relatively few officials. [1 Related Articles]
- Baol
- in the 14th century, a satellite state of the Wolof empire of West Africa. Situated along the coast and inland to the south of Dakar in present Senegal, it was ...
- Baol
- (from the article "Senegal") ...between Ferlo and the Atlantic and extending from the False Delta in the north to Cape Verde Peninsula in the south was once home to the historical Wolof states of ...
- baoli
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...the religion under Nanak had dissipated. Believing that rituals were necessary to confirm the Sikhs in their faith, Amar Das ordered the digging of a sacred well (
- Baoruco, Sierra de
- mountain range in the southwestern part of the Dominican Republic. It extends about 50 mi (80 km) east from the Haitian border to the Caribbean Sea and lies parallel to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baotou
- city, central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. Baotou, a prefecture-level municipality, is situated on the north bank of the Huang He (Yellow River) on its great northern bend, about ... [3 Related Articles]
- Baotou carpet
- floor covering handwoven in Baotou, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China, noted for its high-quality of workmanship and materials. The designs usually consist of landscapes or religious symbols, ...
- Baphuon
- (from the article "Angkor") In the later history of the city, the central temples were completely architectural creations (i.e., pyramid temples), such as the Phimeanakas of Suryavarman I (reigned c. 1000-50); the Baphuon of ...
- Baptism
- a sacrament of admission to the Christian Church. The forms and rituals of the various churches vary, but Baptism almost invariably involves the use of water and the Trinitarian invocation, ... [49 Related Articles]
- Baptism of Christ
- (from the article "Masolino") ...in the Baptistery (completed 1435) and Collegiata at Castiglione Olona. The extensive panoramas in the backgrounds of the "Crucifixion" on the altar wall in S. Clemente and the "Baptism of ...
- Baptism of Christ, Feast of
- (from the article "church year") ...in place of the Sundays previously designated "after Epiphany" and "after Pentecost." The ancient Roman Feast of St. Mary was restored to January 1; a new Feast of the Baptism ...
- Baptist
- member of a group of Protestant Christians who share the basic beliefs of most Protestants but who insist that only believers should be baptized and that it should be done ... [24 Related Articles]
- Baptist Bible Fellowship
- (from the article "fundamentalism, Christian") Although fundamentalism was pushed to the fringe of the Christian community by the new Evangelical movement, it continued to grow as new champions arose. The Baptist Bible Fellowship, formed in ...
- Baptist Bible Union
- (from the article "fundamentalism, Christian") ...annual preconvention conferences on Baptist fundamentals. When their attempts to carry their views into the convention failed to make immediate progress, the more militant among them founded the Baptist Bible ...
- Baptist Federation of Canada
- cooperative agency for several Canadian Baptist groups, organized in 1944 in Saint John, N.B., by the United Baptist Convention of the Maritime Provinces, the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, ...
- Baptist General Conference
- conservative Baptist denomination that was organized in 1879 as the Swedish Baptist General Conference of America; the present name was adopted in 1945. It developed from the work of Gustaf ...
- Baptist Missionary Association of America
- association of independent, conservative Baptist churches, organized as the North American Baptist Association in Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S., in 1950, in protest against the American Baptist Association's policy of seating ...
- Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland
- largest Baptist group in the British Isles, organized in 1891 as a union of the Particular Baptist and New Connection General Baptist associations. These groups were historically related to the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Baptist World Alliance
- international advisory organization for Baptists, founded in 1905 in London. Its purpose is to promote fellowship and cooperation among all Baptists. It sponsors regional and international meetings for various groups ... [2 Related Articles]
- Baptista
- (from the article "Taming of the Shrew, The") Following the induction, the play opens in Padua, where several eligible bachelors have gathered to claim the hand of Bianca, the youngest daughter of the wealthy Baptista. But Baptista has ...
- Baptista, Mariano
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...in the 19th century had been either silver magnates themselves (Gregorio Pacheco, 1884-88; Aniceto Arce, 1888-92) or closely associated with such magnates as partners or representatives (Mariano Baptista, 1892-96; Severo ...
- Baptiste
- one of the leading actors of sentimental comedy (comedie larmoyante) in France.
- baptistery
- hall or chapel situated close to, or connected with, a church, in which the sacrament of baptism is administered. The form of the baptistery originally evolved from small, circular Roman ...
- baqa'
- (from the article "fana") ...he then, through the grace of God, is revived, and the secrets of the divine attributes are revealed to him. Only after regaining full consciousness does he attain the more ...
- Baqarah, Al-
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...which is regularly used by Muslims as a prayer and at the conclusion of contracts (including that of marriage), the suras of the Qur'an are arranged in order of length: ...
- Baqdash, Khalid
- Syrian politician who acquired control of the Syrian Communist Party in 1932 and remained its most prominent spokesman until 1958, when he went into exile.
- Baqikhanl, 'Abbas Qoli Aghaiq
- (from the article "Azerbaijan") ...Azerbaijanis, some of whom turned from their religious upbringing to a more secular outlook. Prominent among the early scholars and publicists who began the study of the Azerbaijani language were ...
- Baqqarah
- (Arabic: "Cattlemen"), nomadic people of Arab and African ancestry who live in a part of Africa that will support cattle but not camels-south of latitude 13° and north of latitude ... [3 Related Articles]
- Baquero y Diaz, Gaston
- Cuban poet who left his homeland after the 1959 revolution and spent the rest of his life in exile in Spain; only in 1994 did his poems begin to be ...
- bar
- (from the article "numerals and numeral systems") ...appears in various other forms, including the cursive ∞. All these symbols persisted until long after printing became common. In the Middle Ages a bar (known as the
- Bar
- (from the article "ballade") ...century in Germany is cast in a similar form, though normally without the envoi or the refrain line; when in Richard Wagner's music drama Die Meistersinger (1868) Fritz Kothner defines ...
- bar
- (from the article "steel") Bars are long products, usually of round, square, rectangular, or hexagonal cross section and of 12- to 50-millimetre diameter or equivalent. (Since bar mills are also capable of rolling small ...
- bar
- (from the article "beach") ...and a shallow bottom. In some areas the low-tide terrace terminates with another inclined shoreface, if the nearshore sea zone is rather deep. Finally, one or several parallel, submarine, long-shore ...
- Bar
- port in Montenegro, on the Adriatic Sea. It is the country's principal port and the only maritime outlet for the landlocked republic of Serbia. The current city is known as ... [2 Related Articles]
- BAR
- (from the article "Automobile Racing") Ironically, the team that made the strongest impression in 2004 was BAR, which took a superb second place to Ferrari in the constructors' championship stakes and carried British driver Jenson ...
- bar association
- group of attorneys, whether local, national, or international, that is organized primarily to deal with issues affecting the legal profession. In general, bar associations are concerned with furthering the best ... [2 Related Articles]
- bar code
- a printed series of parallel bars or lines of varying width that is used for entering data into a computer system. The bars are typically black on a white background, ... [2 Related Articles]
- bar code scanner
- (from the article "bar code") ...in a sequence is read by the computer as either a 0 or 1. Most such codes use bars of only two different widths (thick and thin), though some codes ...
- Bar form
- in music, the structural pattern aab as used by the medieval German minnesingers and meistersingers, who were poet-composers of secular monophonic songs (i.e., those having a single line of melody). ... [1 Related Articles]
- bar graph
- (from the article "statistics") A number of graphical methods are available for describing data. A bar graph is a graphical device for depicting qualitative data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution. Labels ...
- Bar Harbor
- coastal town, Hancock county, southern Maine, U.S. It is on Mount Desert Island at the foot of Cadillac Mountain (1,530 feet [466 metres]) facing Frenchman Bay, 46 miles (74 km) ...
- Bar Hebraeus
- medieval Syrian scholar noted for his encyclopaedic learning in science and philosophy and for his enrichment of Syriac literature by the introduction of Arabic culture. [2 Related Articles]
- bar joist
- (from the article "building construction") ...deep and 60 centimetres (24 inches) wide. They are usually welded to the supporting steel members and can span up to 4.5 metres (15 feet). The lightest and most efficient ...
- Bar Kokhba
- Jewish leader who led a bitter but unsuccessful revolt (AD 132-135) against Roman dominion in Palestine. [9 Related Articles]
- bar line
- (from the article "rhythm") ...at regular intervals, the beats fall into natural time measures. Although in European music the concept of time measures reaches back to a remote age, only since the 15th century ...
- bar machine
- (from the article "machine tool") Turret lathes may be classified as either bar machines or chucking machines. Bar machines formerly were called screw machines, and they may be either hand controlled or automatic. A bar ...
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