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Barry, Sir Charles ... basaltes ware
Barry, Sir Charles
one of the architects of the Gothic Revival in England and chief architect of the British Houses of Parliament.
Barrymore, Ethel
American stage and film actress whose distinctive style, voice, and wit made her the "first lady" of the American theatre.
Barrymore, Georgiana
actress and, with Maurice Barrymore, founder of the famous stage and screen family Barrymore, which occupied a preeminent position in American theatre in the first half of the 20th century.
Barrymore, John
American actor, called "The Great Profile," who is remembered both for his roles as a debonair leading man and for his interpretations of Shakespeare's Richard III and Hamlet. (See .)
Barrymore, Lionel
one of the most important character actors in the early 20th century.
Barrymore, Maurice
actor and sometime playwright, founder, with his wife, Georgiana Barrymore, of the renowned Barrymore theatrical family.
Barsisa
in Islamic legend, an ascetic who succumbed to the devil's temptations and denied God.
Barstovian stage
uppermost major division of the Miocene epoch (23.7 million to 5.3 million years ago) in North America. The Barstovian stage follows the Hemingfordian stage and precedes the Clarendonian stage of ...
Barstow
city, San Bernardino county, south-central California, U.S. Located in the Mojave Desert, the city lies at a junction of pioneer trails. It was founded in 1880 during a silver-mining rush ...
Barstow, Stan
English novelist who achieved success with his first book, A Kind of Loving (1960; filmed 1962; stage play 1970).
Bart, Jean
French privateer and naval officer, renowned for his skillful and daring achievements in the wars of Louis XIV.
Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste, seigneur du
author of La Semaine (1578), an influential poem about the creation of the world.
Bartenstein, Johann Christoph, Freiherr von
Austrian statesman and trusted counsellor of Emperor Charles VI. He created the political system that was based upon the Pragmatic Sanction; it was intended to guarantee the peaceful accession of ...
barter
the direct exchange of goods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or money-either according to established rates of exchange or by bargaining. It is considered the oldest form of ...
Barth, Heinrich
German geographer and one of the great explorers of Africa.
Barth, John
American writer best known for novels that combine philosophical depth and complexity with biting satire and boisterous, frequently bawdy humour. Much of Barth's writing is concerned with the seeming impossibility ...
Barth, Karl
Swiss Protestant theologian, probably the most influential of the 20th century. Closely supported by his lifelong friend and colleague, the theologian Eduard Thurneysen, he initiated a radical change in Protestant ...
Barth, Paul
German philosopher and sociologist who considered society as an organization in which progress is determined by the power of ideas.
Barthelemy, Jean-Jacques
archaeologist and author whose novel about ancient Greece was one of the most widely read books in 19th-century France.
Barthelemy-Saint-Hilaire, Jules
French politician, journalist, and scholar.
Barthelme, Donald
American short-story writer known for his modernist "collages," which were marked by technical experimentation and a kind of melancholy gaiety.
Barthelme, Frederick
American writer of short stories and novels featuring characters who are shaped by the impersonal suburban environments in which they live.
Barthes, Roland
French essayist and social and literary critic whose writings on semiotics, the formal study of symbols and signs pioneered by Ferdinand de Saussure, helped establish structuralism and the New Criticism ...
Bartholdi, Frederic-Auguste
French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.
Bartholin, Caspar Berthelsen
Danish physician and theologian who wrote one of the most widely read Renaissance manuals of anatomy.
Bartholin, Erasmus
Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist who discovered the optical phenomenon of double refraction.
Bartholin, Thomas
Danish anatomist and mathematician who was first to describe fully the entire human lymphatic system (1652).
Bartholomaeus Anglicus
Franciscan encyclopaedist who was long famous for his encyclopaedia, De proprietatibus rerum ("On the Properties of Things").
Bartholome, Albert
sculptor whose works, particularly his funerary art, made him one of the best known of modern French sculptors.
Bartholomew I
270th ecumenical patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox church from 1991.
Bartholomew, Freddie
child actor who epitomized Hollywood's vision of a proper little English boy in such Depression-era films as Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936) and Captains Courageous (1937).
Bartholomew, John George
cartographer and map and atlas publisher who improved the standards of British cartography and introduced into Great Britain the use of contours and systematic colour layering to show relief.
Bartholomew, Saint
one of the Twelve Apostles.
Barthou, Louis
French premier (1913), conservative statesman, and long-time colleague of Raymond Poincare. He was assassinated with King Alexander of Yugoslavia during the latter's visit to France in 1934.
Bartica
town, north-central Guyana, in tropical rain forests in which the Essequibo, Mazaruni, and Cuyuni rivers meet. A small commercial centre, Bartica is situated at the head of navigation by small ...
Bartle Frere, Mount
mountain in Bellenden-Ker Range, northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is the highest point in the state and rises to 5,287 ft (1,611 m) in an area reserved as a national park. ...
Bartlesville
city, seat (1907) of Washington county, northeastern Oklahoma, U.S., on the Caney River. It was settled in the 1870s around Jacob Bartles's trading post. Growth was spurred by the discovery ...
Bartlett, John
American bookseller and editor best known for his Familiar Quotations.
Bartlett, John Russell
bibliographer who made his greatest contribution to linguistics with his pioneer work, Dictionary of Americanisms: A Glossary of Words and Phrases, Usually Regarded as Peculiar to the United States (1848). ...
Bartlett, Sir Frederic C
British psychologist best known for his studies of memory.
Bartmannkrug
type of 16th-century German jug, characterized by a round belly and a mask of a bearded man applied in relief to the neck. This salt-glazed stoneware jug is associated particularly ...
Bartok, Bela
composer, pianist, ethnomusicologist, and teacher, noted for the Hungarian flavour of his major musical works, which include orchestral works, string quartets, piano solos, several stage works, a cantata, and a ...
Bartold, Vasily Vladimirovich
Russian anthropologist who made valuable contributions to the study of the social and cultural history of Islam and of the Tajik Iranians and literate Turkic peoples of Central Asia.
Bartoli, Daniello
Jesuit historian and humanist who ranked among classic Italian writers.
Bartoli, Matteo Giulio
linguist who emphasized the geographic spread of linguistic changes and their interpretation in terms of history and culture.
Bartolomeo, Fra
painter who was a prominent exponent in early 16th-century Florence of the High Renaissance style.
Bartolozzi, Francesco
Florentine engraver in the service of George III of England.
Bartolus of Saxoferrato
lawyer, law teacher at Perugia, and chief among the postglossators, or commentators, a group of northern Italian jurists who, from the mid-14th century, wrote on the Roman (civil) law. Their ...
Barton, Clara
founder of the American Red Cross.
Barton, Elizabeth
English ecstatic whose outspoken prophecies aroused public opinion over the matrimonial policy of King Henry VIII and led to her execution.
Barton, Sir Derek H.R.
joint recipient, with Odd Hassel of Norway, of the 1969 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on "conformational analysis," the study of the three-dimensional geometric structure of complex molecules, ...
Barton, Sir Edmund
statesman who guided the Australian federation movement to a successful conclusion and became the first prime minister of the resulting commonwealth in 1901.
bartonellosis
rickettsial infection limited to South America, caused by the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis of the order Rickettsiales. Bartonellosis is characterized by two distinctive clinical stages: Oroya fever, an acute febrile anemia ...
Bartonian Stage
the third of four divisions (in ascending order) of the Eocene Series, representing all those rocks deposited worldwide during the Bartonian Age (43.6 to 40 million years ago). Together with ...
Bartow
city, seat (1861) of Polk county, central Florida, U.S. It lies near the Peace River and Lake Hancock, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Lakeland. In 1851 the Readding Blount ...
Bartram, John
naturalist and explorer considered the "father of American botany."
Baruch, Apocalypse of
a pseudepigraphal work (not in any canon of scripture), whose primary theme is whether or not God's relationship with man is just. The book is also called The Syriac Apocalypse ...
Baruch, Bernard
American financier who was an adviser to U.S. presidents.
Baruch, Book of
ancient text purportedly written by Baruch, secretary and friend of Jeremiah, the Old Testament prophet. The text is still extant in Greek and in several translations from Greek into Latin, ...
Baruni
town, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies north of the Ganges River and is part of the Begusarai urban agglomeration. Formerly called Jhuldabhaj, it merged with Phulwaria township in ...
Baruta
city, northwestern Miranda estado ("state"), northern Venezuela, in the central highlands. Formerly a commercial centre in a fertile agricultural area producing coffee, cacao, and sugarcane, the city has become a ...
Barwani
city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, west-central India. It is situated just south of the Narmada River, about 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Indore. A trade centre for agricultural produce ...
Bary, Heinrich Anton de
German botanist whose researches into the roles of fungi and other agents in causing plant diseases earned him distinction as a founder of modern mycology and plant pathology.
Barye, Antoine-Louis
prolific French sculptor, primarily of animals, known as the father of the Animalier school.
Barylambda
extinct genus of unusual and aberrant mammals found as fossils in deposits in North America in the Late Paleocene Epoch (63.6 to 57.8 million years ago). Barylambda was a relatively ...
baryon
any member of one of two classes of hadrons (particles built from quarks and thus experiencing the strong nuclear force). Baryons are heavy subatomic particles that are made up of ...
Baryshnikov, Mikhail
Soviet-born American ballet dancer who was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and '80s. He subsequently became a noted dance director.
baryton
bowed, stringed musical instrument that enjoyed a certain vogue in the 18th century. It was related to the viol family, was about the size of a cello, and had six ...
Barzani, Mustafa al-
Kurdish military leader who for 50 years strove to create an independent nation for the millions of Kurds living on the borders of Iran, Iraq, and the Soviet Union.
Barzaz Breiz
collection of folk songs and ballads purported to be survivals from ancient Breton folklore. The collection was made, supposedly from the oral literature of Breton peasants, by Theodore Hersart de ...
Barzizza, Gasparino da
early Italian humanist teacher noted for his ability to convey Classical civilization to the Italy of his day.
Barzun, Jacques
French-born American teacher, historian, and author who influenced higher education in the United States by his insistence that undergraduates avoid early specialization and instead be given broad instruction in the ...
bas-relief
sculptural relief in which the projection from the surrounding surface is slight (see ). See relief.
basal metabolic rate
index of the general level of activity of an individual's body metabolism, determined by measuring his oxygen intake in the basal state-i.e., during absolute rest, but not sleep, 14 to ...
basalt
extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock that is low in silica content, dark in colour, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium.
basaltes ware
hard black vitreous stoneware, named after the volcanic rock basalt and manufactured by Josiah Wedgwood at Etruria, Staffordshire, Eng., from about 1768. Wedgwood's black basaltes ware was an improvement on ...